Common Countermeasures Research Articles

Packet Length Covert Channel Detection: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach

New undetectable attack methods made possible by advances in covert channel techniques. Due to their nonstandard data transfer methods, common countermeasures are ineffective. The detection, mitigation, and elimination of hidden channels that operate on the packet length level are extremely challenging problems. Differences in packet size can be used as part of a covert communication strategy for the delivery of sensitive information across networks. The use of machine learning techniques for detecting covert channel attacks has been praised in recent academic research. Researchers in this work developed an effective ensemble classification method for spotting such breaches. Our approach relies on an ensemble model, which is a combination of three different machine learning methods. There are several applications for classifiers including the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Naive Bayes (NB). The logistic regression (LR) classifier served as a meta classifier to aggregate the results of the component classifiers into an ensemble classifier. According to the findings, the proposed ensemble model is effective. Among single-classification algorithms, it is unrivalled in its ability to detect such covert channel attacks.

A Review on Major Cyber Threats and Recommended Counter Measures

Abstract: It was predicted that the number of cyber attacks will rise by a factor of two every year. There have been several highprofile cyber attacks on government organizations in India in recent years. Ransomware attacks, Advanced Persistent Threats, Internet of Things, Cloud security risks, Insider threats, Social engineering attacks, Supply chain attacks, Zero-day exploits in cyber threats are some of the significant types of cyber attacks affecting Indian government entities. Security measures, such as regularly backing up important data, installing antivirus software, training employees on how to identify and avoid phishing emails, and maintaining up-to-date software and operating systems are common countermeasures against significant cyber attacks. Preventing cyber attacks requires a multi-layered approach that addresses vulnerabilities in people, processes, and technology. Empowering, the agencies like CERT-In for cyber resilience, strengthening the penalty framework for noncompliance, advisories on information and data security practices are some of the strategies adopted by the government to secure cyberspace. It is necessary to stay informed about the latest threats and continually reassess and update security measures as needed.

Cybersecurity Threats, Countermeasures and Mitigation Techniques on the IoT: Future Research Directions

The Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects physical and virtual objects embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies, which exchange data using the Internet. This technology allows billions of devices and people to communicate, share data, and personalize services to make our lives easier. Despite the multiple benefits offered by IoT, it may also represent a critical issue due its lack of information security. Since the number of IoT devices has been rapidly increasing all over the world, they have become a target for many attackers, who try to steal sensitive information and compromise people’s privacy. As part of the IoT environment, data and services should be protected with features such as confidentiality, accuracy, comprehensiveness, authentication, access control, availability, and privacy. Cybersecurity threats are unique to the Internet of Things, which has unique characteristics and limitations. In consideration of this, a variety of threats and attacks are being launched daily against IoT. Therefore, it is important to identify these types of threats and find solutions to mitigate their risks. Therefore, in this paper, we reviewed and identified the most common threats in the IoT environment, and we classified these threats based on three layers of IoT architecture. In addition, we discussed the most common countermeasures to control the IoT threats and mitigation techniques that can be used to mitigate these threats by reviewing the related publications, as well as analyzing the popular application-layer protocols employed in IoT environments and their security risks and challenges.

Investigating Wireless and Internet of Things Technologies Security Threats and Attacks

Wireless and mobile devices are part of our lives. Wireless technology encompasses Internet of Things (IoT). Some key features of these devices are sensors, connectivity, and artificial intelligence and they can be found in health clinics, homes, buildings, vehicles, cities, wearables, etc. However, wireless and IoT technologies are sources of a variety of security threats to privacy and data and are becoming targets for attackers or hackers. In this paper, the authors strive to answer to the following research questions: 1) What types of threats can wireless and IoT technologies pose? 2) What type of threats can be exploited for attack and how? 3) What techniques are used to mitigate the threats and attacks? 4) What can wireless and IoT users do to protect their privacy and data? As a result, we investigate different types of security threats and attacks, and common security countermeasures used in wireless and IoT.

Nonlinear random walks optimize the trade-off between cost and prevention in epidemics lockdown measures: The ESIR model

Contagious diseases can spread quickly in human populations, either through airborne transmission or if some other spreading vectors are abundantly accessible. They can be particularly devastating if the impact on individuals' health has severe consequences on the number of hospitalizations or even deaths. Common countermeasures to contain the epidemic spread include introducing restrictions on human interactions or their mobility in general which are often associated with an economic and social cost. In this paper, we present a targeted model of optimal social distancing on metapopulation networks, named ESIR model, which can effectively reduce the disease spreading and at the same time minimize the impact on human mobility and related costs. The proposed model is grounded in a nonlinear random walk process that considers the finite carrying capacity of the network's metanodes, the physical patches where individuals interact within mobility networks. This latter constraint is modeled as a slack compartment E for the classic SIR model and quantifies the density of vacant spaces to accommodate the diffusing individuals. Formulating the problem as a multi-objective optimization problem shows that when the walkers avoid crowded nodes, the system can rapidly approach Pareto optimality, thus reducing the spreading considerably while minimizing the impact on human mobility as also validated in empirical transport networks. These results envisage ad hoc mobility protocols that can potentially enhance policy making for pandemic control.

How Flexible, Slit and Rigid Barriers Mitigate Two‐Phase Geophysical Mass Flows: A Numerical Appraisal

AbstractFlexible, slit, and rigid barriers are common countermeasures to mitigate natural geophysical mass flows, but presently, quantitative comparisons of their performance are lacking, due to the challenges involved in accurately representing the multi‐body and multi‐phase interactions. This study presents a numerical appraisal on this issue using a physics‐based coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM). A geophysical flow is considered as a mixture of discrete gap‐graded particles (DEM) and a continuous viscous slurry (CFD), whereas a permeable and deformable barrier structure can be modeled by DEM. The in‐flow multiphase interactions and flow‐barrier interactions can be rigorously modeled by a coupling scheme between DEM and CFD. Our numerical simulations reasonably capture both field and experimental observations on key features of flow‐barrier interactions and barrier responses. The different intercepting mechanisms of three barriers via pile‐up and runup modes are revealed by qualitative and quantitative characterizations. Flexible barriers perform the best under runup mode regarding much larger peak load reduction ratios (up to 89%) due to their high permeability and Fr‐dependent load‐deflection behavior. We further compile a barrier‐specific design diagram that suggests existing analytical models calibrated by limited experiments may underestimate the peak impact for slit and rigid barriers due to their neglect of large solid particles in the impinging flows while leading to overestimations for flexible barriers owing to inappropriate representations of barrier permeability and structural deformability. Our findings may offer a basis for model improvements and developments in practical barrier selection and design.

Nonlinear Random Walks Optimize the Trade-Off between Cost and Prevention in Epidemics Lockdown Measures: The Esir Model

Contagious diseases can spread quickly in human populations, either through airborne transmission or if some other spreading vectors are abundantly accessible. They can be particularly devastating if the impact on individuals' health has severe consequences on the number of hospitalizations or even deaths. Common countermeasures to contain the epidemic spread include introducing restrictions on human interactions or their mobility in general which are often associated with an economic and social cost. In this paper, we present a targeted model of optimal social distancing on metapopulation networks, named ESIR model, which can effectively reduce the disease spreading and at the same time minimize the impact on human mobility and related costs. The proposed model is grounded in a nonlinear random walk process that considers the finite carrying capacity of the network's metanodes, the physical patches where individuals interact within mobility networks. This later constrain is modeled as a slack compartment E for the classic SIR model and quantifies the density of vacant spaces to accommodate the diffusing individuals. Formulating the problem as a multi-objective optimization problem shows that when the walkers avoid crowded nodes, the system can rapidly approach Pareto optimality, thus reducing the spreading considerably while minimzing the impact on human mobility as also validated in empirical transport networks. These results envisage ad hoc mobility protocols that can potentially enhance policy making for pandemic control.

Brief Analysis of the Common Problems and Countermeasures of Construction Management under the New Situation

Brief Analysis of the Common Problems and Countermeasures of Construction Management under the New Situation

Common Problems and Optimization Countermeasures in Municipal Construction Management

Common Problems and Optimization Countermeasures in Municipal Construction Management

Common Problems and Countermeasures of Information Technology Teaching in Senior High School under the New Curriculum Reform

Common Problems and Countermeasures of Information Technology Teaching in Senior High School under the New Curriculum Reform

Common Hidden Dangers and Preventive Countermeasures in Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing

Common Hidden Dangers and Preventive Countermeasures in Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing

Analysis of Common Problems and Control Countermeasures in Bridge and Tunnel Construction

Analysis of Common Problems and Control Countermeasures in Bridge and Tunnel Construction

Analysis of Common Errors and Countermeasures in Construction Engineering Survey

Analysis of Common Errors and Countermeasures in Construction Engineering Survey

Common Problems and Countermeasures in Construction of Road and Bridge Projects

Common Problems and Countermeasures in Construction of Road and Bridge Projects

Common Problems and Countermeasures of Contract Management in Construction Project Management

Common Problems and Countermeasures of Contract Management in Construction Project Management

Analysis of Common Problems and Countermeasures of Highway Engineering Test

Analysis of Common Problems and Countermeasures of Highway Engineering Test

Analysis on Common Problems and Countermeasures of Water Conservancy Engineering River Regulation

Analysis on Common Problems and Countermeasures of Water Conservancy Engineering River Regulation

Common Problems and Countermeasures in Ground Treatment and Geotechnical Engineering Investigation

Common Problems and Countermeasures in Ground Treatment and Geotechnical Engineering Investigation

Analysis on Common Problems and Countermeasures of River Regulation in Water Conservancy Projects

Analysis on Common Problems and Countermeasures of River Regulation in Water Conservancy Projects

Research on Common Problems and Countermeasures of Laboratory Quality Management in Clinical Laboratory

Research on Common Problems and Countermeasures of Laboratory Quality Management in Clinical Laboratory