Common Authorship Research Articles

Theological Affinities Between the Fourth Gospel and the Book of Revelation

Abstract The focus of this study is on the exploration of theological affinities between the Fourth Gospel and Revelation. While I personally hold to the apostolic authorship of both writings by John, the son of Zebedee — admittedly a minority view in contemporary Johannine scholarship—the specific identity of the author will not be of primary concern here. Rather, my focus will be on the plausibility (or lack thereof) of common authorship, whether by the apostle or another writer. If it can be shown that the differences in outlook between the Fourth Gospel and Revelation may be accounted for by different subject matter, genres, and circumstances addressed, an important objection against the common authorship of the two documents will be removed.

Common Authorship and the “Anonymous of Calais”: Reassessing an Anglo-Latin Political Poem from the Fourteenth Century

Common Authorship and the “Anonymous of Calais”: Reassessing an Anglo-Latin Political Poem from the Fourteenth Century

Bibliometric analysis of bibliometric studies in the field of tourism and hospitality

PurposeThis study aims to contribute to the relevant body of knowledge by examining the bibliometric studies related to tourism and hospitality indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database from a bibliometric perspective (evaluative and relational techniques).Design/methodology/approachThe WoS database was used to obtain studies to be reviewed. A total of 136 studies were analyzed and visualized in terms of evaluative and relational techniques, and a subject categorization was made.Findings“Tourism management” and “tourism and hospitality” are the two fields of research where bibliometric studies are carried out more frequently. Evaluative techniques were used in most studies while relational techniques, such as co-word, co-author, co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling, were performed less. Relational techniques indicate that the words “bibliometric analysis” and “tourism” are frequently used together in the studies examined; the most common authorship cooperation is between China and USA.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an overview of bibliometric studies in tourism and hospitality literature. It expands the previous literature and shows study topics that are more focused by examining the abstracts and contents of articles published in journals in different WoS categories.Practical implicationsFindings related to evaluative and relational techniques can serve as useful information for researchers, who are new to the field.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the current knowledge accumulation by its lack of year, country, region and language limits.

O splendor gloriae: Taverner or Tye?

Abstract The five-part votive antiphon O splendor gloriae is attributed to Taverner in two important sources, but to both Taverner and Tye in the other two 16th-century sources. Joint works of this kind in classical music are extremely rare, and common authorship is difficult to assess. In this case, scoring and many other musical features are consistent, but the style of each half seems different. In his edition of 1978, Nigel Davison cautiously attributes the second part to Tye on stylistic grounds. It certainly seems more modern in its imitative treatment, which may be consistent with the fact that Tye was a little younger than Taverner. In this article we employ both a special mathematical modelling technique and standard musicological methods to support the idea that each half of the work was written by a different composer.

The Authorship of al-Risāla l-Ǧāmiʿa Re-Examined

Abstract Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ and its summary, al-Risāla l-Ǧāmiʿa, are commonly attributed to the same authors. The strongest argument for this is the presence of references from the former to the latter. The aim of the present article is to analyze all of these references to establish their import for the theory of common authorship. When the fourteen references in the Beirut edition are compared with the oldest manuscripts, the result is that only six of these references appear in the latter, and even among these two are highly ambiguous. The only references from Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ to al-Risāla l-Ǧāmiʿa unambiguously confirmed by the oldest manuscripts are the four references in version B of epistle 52, which is itself of dubious authenticity. Since all or most of the references outside epistle 52 are then clearly later interpolations, the conclusion is that the references in Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ do not support the theory of common authorship.

Stylometry and Numerals Usage: Benford’s Law and Beyond

We suggest two approaches to the statistical analysis of texts, both based on the study of numerals occurrence in literary texts. The first approach is related to Benford’s Law and the analysis of the frequency distribution of various leading digits of numerals contained in the text. In coherent literary texts, the share of the leading digit 1 is even larger than prescribed by Benford’s Law and can reach 50 percent. The frequencies of occurrence of the digit 1, as well as, to a lesser extent, the digits 2 and 3, are usually a characteristic the author’s style feature, manifested in all (sufficiently long) literary texts of any author. This approach is convenient for testing whether a group of texts has common authorship: the latter is dubious if the frequency distributions are sufficiently different. The second approach is the extension of the first one and requires the study of the frequency distribution of numerals themselves (not their leading digits). The approach yields non-trivial information about the author, stylistic and genre peculiarities of the texts and is suited for the advanced stylometric analysis. The proposed approaches are illustrated by examples of computer analysis of the literary texts in English and Russian.

Numerals in authorial Turkish-language texts and the stylometric analysis

Two approaches to the statistical analysis of texts are suggested, both based on the study of numerals occurrence in coherent texts. The first approach is related to the study of the frequency distribution of various leading digits of numerals occurring in the text. These frequencies are unequal: the digit 1 is strongly dominating; usually, the incidence of subsequent digits is monotonically decreasing. The frequencies of occurrence of the digit 1, as well as, to a lesser extent, the digits 2 and 3, are usually a characteristic author’s style feature, manifested in all (sufficiently long) texts of any author. This approach is convenient for testing whether a group of texts has common authorship: the latter is dubious if the frequency distributions are sufficiently different. The second approach is the extension of the first one and requires the study of the frequency distribution of numerals themselves (not their leading digits). The approach yields non-trivial information about the author, stylistic and genre peculiarities of the texts and is suited for the advanced discourse analysis. This paper deals with the application of the second approach to the literary texts in Turkish. We have analysed almost the whole corpus of works by are illustrated by examples of computer analysis of the literary texts by O. Pamuk and Y. Kemal – two of Turkey’s most prominent novelists. The hierarchical cluster analysis based on the occurrence of numerals in the texts by Pamuk and Kemal shows the author, genre, and chronology differences of numerals usage in the literary texts of these authors.

A Novel Text Analysis Method: Numerals Reveal the Author

Two approaches to the statistical analysis of texts are suggested, both based on the study of numerals occurring in literary texts. The first approach is related to the study of the frequency distribution of various leading digits of numerals occurring in the text. This approach is convenient for testing whether a group of texts has common authorship: the latter is dubious if the frequency distributions are sufficiently different. The second approach requires the study of the frequencies of numerals themselves. The approach yields information about the author, stylistic and genre peculiarities of the texts and is suited for advanced study of authorial texts. The hypothesis that I. Ilf and E. Petrov are fake authors of novels "The Twelve Chairs" and "The Little Golden Calf", and they were ghosted by M. Bulgakov, is checked. The frequency distribution of numerals, as well as its cluster analysis, do not confirm this hypothesis.

Biasability and reliability of expert forensic document examiners

The performance of experts can be characterized in terms of biasability and reliability of their judgments. The current research is the first to explore the judgments of practicing forensic document experts, professionals who examine and compare disputed handwritten evidence to handwriting exemplars of individuals involved in criminal or civil litigation. Forensic handwriting experts determine if questioned and known handwritten items are of common authorship or written by different individuals, and present their findings in legal proceedings. The expert participants in our study (N=25) were not aware that they were part of a research study. Thirteen participants were led to believe that they were working on a case commissioned from the prosecution and the other twelve that it was for the defense. We did not find evidence in this study that this information biased their judgments, which may make sense since document examiners (in contrast to many other forensic domains) do not primarily work within an organizational forensic laboratory culture. The lack of bias in our findings may have been also due to the stimuli we used or/and the great variability in the judgments within each group, reflecting a lack of consistency in conclusions among examiners. A detailed discussion of our findings is presented along with the limitations that may have affected our results.

The Pastoral Epistles: Common Themes, Individual Compositions? An Introduction to the Quest for the Origin(s) of the Letters to Timothy and Titus

ABSTRACT In New Testament scholarship, the pseudonymity of the so-called Pastoral Epistles (1–2 Timothy and Titus) continues to be a majority position, partially because many scholars assume that they were originally designed as a tripartite letter corpus. Over the past decades, however, a growing group of scholars has started to challenge this corpus theory by pointing out the individual qualities of the letters to Timothy and Titus and their mutual differences. These research findings have brought a number of scholars to believe that the letters were composed by more than one author. When the arguments for plural authorship are compared to the traditional arguments for common authorship, it seems the pseudonymity of the Pastoral Epistles is by no means a foregone conclusion. Accordingly, the quest for the origin(s) of the letters to Timothy and Titus must be continued.

Investigating the Common Authorship of Signatures by Off-Line Automatic Signature Verification Without the Use of Reference Signatures

In automatic signature verification, questioned specimens are usually compared with reference signatures. In writer-dependent schemes, a number of reference signatures are required to build up the individual signer model while a writer-independent system requires a set of reference signatures from several signers to develop the model of the system. This paper addresses the problem of automatic signature verification when no reference signatures are available. The scenario we explore consists of a set of signatures, which could be signed by the same author or by multiple signers. As such, we discuss three methods which estimate automatically the common authorship of a set of off-line signatures. The first method develops a score similarity matrix, worked out with the assistance of duplicated signatures; the second uses a feature-distance matrix for each pair of signatures; and the last method introduces pre-classification based on the complexity of each signature. Publicly available signatures were used in the experiments, which gave encouraging results. As a baseline for the performance obtained by our approaches, we carried out a visual Turing Test where forensic and non-forensic human volunteers, carrying out the same task, performed less well than the automatic schemes.

Relation of the <i>Saccasa?khepa??k?</i> Called <i>S?ratthas?lin?</i> to the <i>Vinayavinicchaya??k?</i> Called <i>Vinayas?ratthasand?pan?</i>

The present contribution suggests the common authorship of three P?li commentaries of the twelfth/thirteenth centuries CE, namely the Vinayavinicchaya??k? called Vinayas?ratthasand?pan? (less probably Vinayatthas?rasand?pan?), the Uttaravinicchaya??k? called L?natthappak?san?, and the Saccasa?khepa??k? called S?ratthas?lin?. The information collected from these three commentaries themselves and from P?li literary histories concerning these three texts leads to the second quarter of the thirteenth century CE as the period of their origination. The data from parallel texts explicitly stated to having been written by V?cissara Thera in the texts themselves render it possible to establish with a high degree of probability V?cissara Thera as their author.

Whose Paper Is It Anyway? Authorship Criteria According to Established Scholars in Health Professions Education.

The health professions education (HPE) community is a crossroad of scholars from various disciplines with potentially conflicting views on who qualifies as author. Established HPE scholars are expected to model ethical research conduct, but no research has investigated the extent to which authorship criteria are understood and applied by leaders in the field. This study investigated what leading scholars consider appropriate criteria for authorship and how often these criteria are ignored. Directors of research and editors of HPE journals completed an anonymous survey between September 2015 and August 2016 with questions about authorship practices they experienced and recommended, common authorship criteria, and how often they had encountered unethical authorship decisions. Out of 82 invited scholars, 46 participated in the survey (response rate = 56.0%). They reported a stark contrast between current and recommended authorship practices. Twenty-two (51.2%) had experienced unethical pressure regarding authorship order, 15 (34.9%) had not been included as author when they qualified, and 25 (58.1%) had seen authors included who did not qualify. A slight majority (n = 25; 58.1%) correctly identified authorship standards widely adopted by biomedical journals. A surprising proportion of leaders in the HPE field had encountered unethical authorship practices. Despite widely disseminated authorship criteria, the findings suggest that offering authorship to those who do not qualify, or arguably worse, excluding those who should have been included, remains a common practice. The authors offer strategies to scholars, editors, and tenure and promotion committees to combat these practices.

A Reply to Mikeal Parsons and Heather Gorman

A Reply to Mikeal Parsons and Heather Gorman Patricia Walters 1 Background In edition 46.1 of Neotestamentica, Mikeal Parsons and Heather Gorman wrote a timely and thorough review essay of my book, The Assumed Authorial Unity of Luke and Acts: A Reassessment of the Evidence (Walters 2009). The review essay assessed the strength of the argument in my book that, based on a five-part statistical analysis of Greek prose compositional style in the seams and summaries of Luke and Acts, the common authorship hypothesis must be abandoned (Parsons and Gorman 2012, 139–152). Given the conviction that my work has the strength and robustness to stand on its own, a reply to their review did not seem necessary until now. Because my results have received noteworthy independent corroboration (Mealand 2016), however, a reply to Parsons and Gorman is in order. Briefly, the analysis in my book proceeds in three stages. First, it uncovers the least contested authorial passages in Luke and Acts, which turn out to be seams and summaries: the literary sutures that connect pericopes (Walters 2009, 43–89). Second, it culls out the often subtle and secondarily-studied Greek prose compositional style conventions popular during the first century CE, of which five were most pertinent: hiatus, dissonance, prose rhythm, final syntax and clausal connectives (Walters 2009, 90–136). Third, by statistical testing, it analyses whether the five conventions, present or not, in the Luke and Acts seams and summaries show verifiable similarities—expected with single authorship—or significant differences (Walters 2009, 137–189). In all five cases, the analysis shows statistically significant differences, which I argue must lead to the conclusion of different authorship (Walters 2009, 140–149). 2 Response to the Review Essay Parsons and Gorman (2012, 139–152) focus on four areas that they regard as problematic to my methodology: (1) textual variants; (2) clausal segmentation; (3) data selection; and (4) stylistic criteria. Each area is [End Page 489] treated separately below. What Parsons and Gorman appear to misunderstand in general is the subtle nature of the chosen prose style conventions, which for all intents and purposes philologically point to identifying characteristics of a writer (Walters 2009, 94–96, 145–147). 2.1 Textual variants In this, the shortest discussion of the four, Parsons and Gorman (2012, 140–141) claim that one must account for manuscript variants. They cite the example of hiatus found in the uncontracted τετραάρχ-stem (Luke 3:1 [x3], 19; 9:7; Acts 13:11) compared with the contracted τετράρχ-stem, which is a manuscript variant with no hiatus (Parsons and Gorman 2012, 140–141; cf. Metzger 1994, 353). They suggest that by tabulating the contracted stem here and by evaluating germane textual variants elsewhere, my statistical results would change (Parsons and Gorman 2012, 141). They are correct, but not for the reason they suggest. It was a predetermined decision to rely on the text of the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece 27th critical edition (1993; hereafter NA27), reconstructed by a committee of expert text-critical scholars. To cherry-pick among textual variants, possibly even significant ones, whether in the critical apparatus of the NA27, the Metzger Textual Commentary (1994), or another published version of the Greek NT, would impute to the data a stratum of interference. The result would be a lack of data integrity and a flawed methodology. Had I cherry-picked among textual variants, a counter-charge would undoubtedly be "stacking the statistical deck" in my favour. The most judicious approach to textual variants is to eliminate idiosyncrasy by letting the experts decide. 2.2 Clausal segmentation In this part of the review essay, Parsons and Gorman take issue with the way seams and summaries are segmented or divided into clauses for use in the statistical analyses, especially the final syntax of a clause. As with textual variants, clausal segmentation must avoid idiosyncrasy to the greatest extent possible. Therefore, segmentation guidelines were generally derived from a fourfold set of references: first, the ancient critics themselves (e.g., Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Comp. 18; cf. Thucydides, Hist. 2.35.1); second, H. W. Smyth's Greek Grammar (1956); (3) third, [End Page 490] the NA27; and fourth...

Publication Practices and Responsible Authorship: A Review Article.

Dissemination of research findings through the publication of one’s work or a group of contributors is an important part of the research process, as this allows the passing on of benefits to a much wider community. In whatever evocative form this dissemination may take, the onus lies on the author(s) to ensure adherence to the code of ethics as it pertains to the integrity of the information being put out. We publish because we want our findings to be adapted into practice and application, or in some cases may be relevant to policy makers in decision-making. To a large extent in the field of academia, successful publication improves opportunities for academic funding and promotion whilst enhancing scientific and scholarly achievement and repute. A situation may be compromised where intellectual contributions to a scientific investigation do not adhere to the four key guidelines of scholarship, authorship, approval and agreement as well as the protocols of ensuring good publication ethics. The objective of this review is to lay emphasis on universal standards for manuscript authorship and to fostering good practices. This in our view will bring authorship credit and accountability to the attention of our colleagues and readers at large. To achieve this, a systematic and critical review of the literature was undertaken. Electronic databases, academic journals and books from various sources were accessed. Several key search terms relating to responsible authorship, common authorship malpractices, conflict of interest, universal publication guidelines and other authorship related issues, were used. Only references deemed useful from relevant texts and journal articles were included. In this paper, the authors have sought to highlight the pitfalls researchers sometimes entangle themselves within an act of compromise thereby impinging on the ethical and professional responsibilities for the content of a paper under consideration. This article presents the case that authorship has a strong currency that brings not only personal satisfaction but also career rewards based on publication counting. In all cases described here, a universal standard for manuscript authorship will be critical in fostering good practices. As you write and review manuscripts, keep these good practices in mind, and consider ways to bring authorship credit and accountability to the attention of your colleagues and readers.

Motif-Semantic Differences in Paul?: A Question to Advocates of the Pastorals’ Plural Authorship in Dialogue with Michaela Engelmann

New Testament scholarship is witnessing a growing number of studies advocating the plural authorship of the Pastoral Epistles (PE) on the basis of their mutual differences. Among them is the recent study by Michaela Engelmann highlighting ‘motif-semantic’ differences between the PE in terms of their Christology/soteriology, ecclesiology, heresiology, and image of Paul. While Engelmann and others challenging the common authorship of the PE offer significant contributions to the study of the PE’s origins, their overall approach also raises methodological questions. By way of illustration, 1 Thessalonians and Philippians are studied in a way similar to that of Engelmann. Both letters are shown to exhibit a good number of motif-semantic differences, which might bring into question their explanatory power.

Some Remarks on Sthiramati and his Putative Authorship of the Madhy?ntavibh?ga??k?, the *S?tr?la?k?rav?ttibh??ya and the Tri??ik?vijñaptibh??ya

The present paper focuses on the commentaries attributed to the Indian Yog?c?ra scholar Sthiramati (sixth century). So far Sthiramati’s work has received far less attention from modern scholars than the texts of other Yog?c?ra authors like Asa?ga or Vasubandhu, possibly because of the erroneous view that as a commentator he has not been an original author in his own right. However, commentators like Sthiramati have shaped the doctrinal development of Yog?c?ra thought by introducing new concepts and reorganizing previous teachings to a similar extent as ‘independent’ authors. In total seventeen works are ascribed to the author Sthiramati in Indian, Tibetan, Chinese and modern Western sources. The main concern of this study is to show some aspects of the relations between three of these works, namely the Madhy?ntavibh?ga??k?, the *S?tr?la?k?rav?ttibh??ya and the Tri??ik?vijñaptibh??ya, and to question the common authorship of these texts.

The Abbé Mallet’s Unsigned Contribution to the Encyclopédie

This article proposes a system for identifying unsigned theological articles by the abbé Edme Mallet in Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie. Beginning with sources cited exclusively by Mallet among contributors to the Encyclopédie, we are led to a group of articles which, apart from being attributable to Mallet, contain expressions that are particular to him and that may serve in turn as search criteria. Conducting further searches with each of these expressions allows us to identify a relatively large number of anonymous articles whose common authorship is, in several instances, confirmed by cross-references. Establishing a significant presence of unsigned articles by Mallet, particularly in the later volumes of the Encyclopédie, calls into question prior assump tions as to the nature and extent of his contribution. In contrast with the traditional view that Mallet’s participation was primarily limited to the early volumes, this article relies on evidence that indicates he provided manuscripts for the entire Encyclopédie in fulfilment of his original contract prior to the publication of the Prospectus.

Ethics of scientific publication.

Published scientific research breeds the development of clinical management guidelines and pathways. Currently, scholarly proficiency is assessed using numerous primitive metrics for incentives that can kindle publication of hoax or flawed research content. Such flawed data can lead to wastage of resources, time, and most importantly harm to the society. Authors, editors, and peer reviewers need to be genuine in conducting, analyzing, and publication of scientific research. Institutions need to be aware and utilize advanced metrics to assess the scientific reputation of researchers. This short review discusses in brief the common authorship and editorial ethical issues encountered in scientific publication and the newer metrics available for the assessment of scholarly excellence. Editors and peer reviewers need to be acquainted with the common ethical issues and follow consensus international guidelines on publication ethics to tackle them appropriately.

The Exeter Book Riddles: authorship and transmission

AbstractThe Exeter Book Riddles are anonymous, and the generally formulaic character of all Old English verse discourages attempts to establish unity or diversity of authorship for them; but correlations between the sequence of Riddles in the manuscript and the recurrence from poem to poem of aspects of form, content (including solutions), presentation and style sometimes suggest common authorship for particular runs of texts, or reveal shaping episodes in the collection's transmission. Investigation along these lines throws up clear differences between the two main blocks of Riddles (1–59 and 61–95), and evidence emerges that the composition of many (at least) of Riddles 61–95 was influenced by a reading of Riddles 1–59.