Commitment Scale Research Articles

Pengaruh Komitmen Afektif terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) pada Karyawan di Samarinda

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is a voluntary behavior that is visible and observable that is based on dominant motives or values and can be based on rewards and punishments that come from external sources. One of the factors that influences Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is affective commitment. This study aims to examine the Effect of Affective Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on employees in Samarinda. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The data collection technique uses a Likert scale with a questionnaire distributed via Google Form to 100 respondents online. This study uses two scales, namely the Affective Commitment scale and the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) scale. Data analysis uses simple linear regression using Statistical Product and Service (SPSS) with significance values of .001 (p .005), which indicates a significant influence. The coefficient of determination (R²) of .710 or 71% indicates that affective commitment has an influence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on employees in Samarinda.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional commitment of male nursing students in China: a descriptive comparative study.

The social culture, gender stereotypes, and social status of nursing in China impact the professional commitment of male nursing students. Increasing the professional commitment of male nursing students is critical for alleviating the shortage of nurses and addressing the gender gap. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread public concern about the nursing profession and may have changed people's perception of the profession, which in turn may have a positive impact on the professional commitment of male nursing students in China. This research aimed to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the professional commitment of male nursing students in China and to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on potential factors that might affect their professional commitment. A descriptive comparative study was conducted. This study involved total 368 male nursing students from five 4-year universities in Henan Province, China. 190 male nursing students were included before the COVID-19 pandemic (October to November 2019) and 178 were included after the COVID-19 pandemic (April to May 2023). The data, such as the sociodemographic characteristics and professional commitment of the two samples, were collected using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The research instruments used included the Professional Commitment Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the General Self-efficacy Scale. The data analysis employed χ2-tests, t-tests and hierarchical regression models. The proportion of Chinese male nursing students who are interested in nursing and do not intend to leave the major has increased after the pandemic (65.17% vs. 29.47%, 61.80% vs. 39.47%, respectively). Male nursing students exhibited greater professional commitment (3.30 ± 0.63) after the pandemic compared to before the pandemic (2.77 ± 0.43). The various factors, such as grade, intend to leave the major, interest in nursing, social support, and general self-efficacy, were linked to professional commitment of male nursing students in China. Male nursing students in China exhibited greater professional commitment after the pandemic. This phenomenon may be attributed to the public's increased recognition of the significance of nursing work during the pandemic, and the social status and image of nursing profession have been improved. Given the changes brought about by the COVID-19, strategies should be considered by nursing decision makers and schools to strengthen the professional commitment of male nursing students and increase the number of male nurses in the post-pandemic era.

The relationship between personality traits, metacognition and professional commitment in Chinese nursing students: a cross-sectional study.

Professional commitment of nursing students is closely related to the stability of the nursing team. Personality traits and metacognition may be related to professional commitment. We investigate the association between Big Five personality, metacognition, and professional commitment among nursing students, and further explore whether Big Five personality modifies the association between metacognition and professional commitment. From December 2023 to January 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 3631 nursing students from 17 universities in China through the online platform Sojump.com by cluster sampling method and using the general information questionnaire, BFI-44 (Big Five Inventory 44) scale, metacognition scale and professional commitment scale to investigate their demographic data, personality traits, level of metacognition and level of professional commitment. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify optimal categories of personality traits. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the personality traits and professional commitment, as well as metacognition and professional commitment in all participants and participants with different personality traits subgroups, adjusting for potential covariates. Furthermore, the potential mediating role of metacognition between personality traits and professional commitment was also investigated. Three distinct personality traits were identified: sensitive-negative personality (65.2%), ordinary personality (26.6%), and open-positive personality (8.2%). Compared with nursing students with sensitive-negative personality, nursing students with ordinary personality and open-positive personality were associated with professional commitment, respectively [OR (95% CI): 7.01 (5.99-8.20), 21.09 (15.43-28.83)]. The p value for trend of personality and professional commitment was < 0.001. Metacognition was associated with professional commitment [OR (95% CI): 5.95 (5.20-6.81); p < 0.001]. Personality traits could modify the association between metacognition and professional commitment (pinteraction = 0.009). The mediating role of metacognition between Big Five personality and professional commitment has also been verified. Personality traits and metacognition of nursing students need to be paid attention to, and interventions based on metacognition may help nursing students with different personality traits to improve their professional commitment level.

Impact of caring leadership on nurses’ work engagement: examining the chain mediating effect of calling and affective organization commitment

BackgroundPrevious studies have established a positive link between nurse managers’ caring leadership and nurses’ work engagement, but the processes and conditions through which this leadership style influences positive work behaviors remain largely unexplored. To address this gap and contribute to the existing body of knowledge, we developed a chain-mediated effects model to elucidate the impact of caring leadership on nurses’ work engagement and the underlying mechanisms. In this model, we identified professional mission and affective organizational commitment as the mediating variables, offering a novel perspective on the relationship between caring leadership and work engagement.MethodsA robust multi-center and large-sample cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 2502 first-line nurses from six general tertiary hospitals across the eastern, central, and western regions of China. The data collection instruments included a comprehensive questionnaire covering demographic information, the caring leadership scale, the Chinese calling scale, the affective organizational commitment scale, and the Utrecht work engagement scale. Data were meticulously screened and analyzed, employing descriptive analysis to summarize the demographic information, correlation analysis to test the relationship among the variables, stepwise regression analysis to explore the mediating role of calling and affective organization commitment, and the bootstrap method to test the chain mediating effect. This rigorous methodology not only ensures the reliability and validity of research findings but also instills confidence in the robustness of this research.ResultsThe results indicated a positive relationship among caring leadership, calling, affective organizational commitment, and nurses’ work engagement (p < 0.001). Specifically, caring leadership was significantly associated with nurses’ calling (β = 0.55, p < 0.001), affective organizational commitment (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), and work engagement (β = 0.05, p < 0.001). And the analysis further revealed that calling and affective organizational commitment mediate the process between caring leadership and work engagement(Effect: 0.17, 0.03, 0.05), with a relative effect size of 89.3% for the total indirect effect. These findings highlight the crucial role of these factors in enhancing nurses’ work engagement, providing valuable insights for healthcare leaders and policymakers.ConclusionCaring leadership positively predicts nurses’ work engagement and indirectly mediates calling and affective organizational commitment. The results of this study revealed that the mechanisms of caring leadership influence nurses’ work engagement, which provides a new approach to strengthening nurses’ work engagement and improving patient healthcare outcomes and organizational performance. Healthcare organizations face continuous challenges; this study embodies the significance of caring leadership in improving nurses’ work experience and increasing their work engagement. Nursing managers should enhance their knowledge of caring leadership and receive caring leadership training, thus actively improving their leadership behaviors in nurse management, enhancing leadership effectiveness, and creating more possibilities for developing healthcare organizations.

Age Well, Work Well: Relationship of Healthy Aging with Career Commitment and Bridge Employment Intentions among Pre-Retirees

Old age is considered an achievement to complete the milestones of one's life. However, the aging population presents significant economic, social, and health challenges. There is a need to address these challenges by focusing on bridge employment after retirement and considering healthy aging an essential part of later life. This correlational research aims to study the relationship between healthy ageing, career commitment and bridge employment intention among pre-retirees. Sample of 308 older employees (M= 57.79, SD= 1.88) was selected from government educational sector of Lahore, Pakistan by using non probability purposive sampling technique. The measure included Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire, The Occupational Commitment Scale, and Bridge Employment Intention Scale. Results indicate a significant positive relation of healthy aging with career commitment (r = .27, p&lt; .05) and bridge employment intention (r = .17, p&lt; .05) of pre-retirees. Inversely, employee’s education has significant negative relationship with healthy ageing (r = -.12, p&lt; .05), career commitment (r = -.19, p&lt; .01) and bridge employment intention (r = -.29, p&lt; .01). Further, the mediation analysis through Hayes process macro model 4 revealed that career commitment mediates the relationship between healthy aging and bridge employment intention. The study provides a valuable insight and suggested that the organizations should value experienced employees for institutional growth and implement flexible work arrangements, continuous learning opportunities and health and wellness programs to promote work after retirement.

Human Resources Management in Mosul Municipality

This study aims to examine the relationship between the job satisfaction levels of employees in Mosul Municipality and their commitment to the institution. The survey form used as a data collection tool consisted of a personal information form, job satisfaction scale and organizational commitment scale. The findings reveal that the overall job satisfaction level of the participants is moderate. It was also found that the levels of organizational commitment of all types of municipal employees were low. It has been determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between the job satisfaction levels of municipal employees and their organizational commitment levels. It has been understood that the relationships between all factors determining job satisfaction and all types of organizational commitment are positive and significant. It has been determined that promotion, colleagues and non-wage factors come to the fore as factors that significantly and positively affect organizational commitment.

On the Relationship between Iraqi EFL Teachers' Organizational Commitment and Their Leadership Style: A Case Study of Missan Province

This study looked into the connection between the leadership styles of Iraqi EFL teachers and their organisational commitment (OC). The Characteristics of Successful Teachers' Questionnaire and the Organisational Commitment Scale (OCS), which has three sub-scales: Affiliation and Pride, Identification, and Satisfactory Exchange, were given to the EFL teachers in order to get the necessary data. The "Spearman Correlation Coefficient" was utilised in this study's correlation approach to explain teacher dedication and leadership style. In the Missan province of Iraq, 147 male and female teachers were given the "Class Leadership Style" and "Organisational Commitment Scale" questionnaires for this reason. The findings showed a strong and positive correlation between teachers' organisational commitment and their leadership style.

The relationship between college students' learning engagement and academic self-efficacy: a moderated mediation model.

Despite the return of college students to campus in the post-pandemic era, the deep influence of COVID-19 on learning approaches persists. Existing research has explored fewer mechanisms underlying academic self-efficacy and learning engagement. In line with social cognitive theory, the psychological resilience framework, and vocational socialization theory, this research investigated academic self-efficacy, professional commitment, psychological resilience, and academic engagement among college students in the post-pandemic era. In this research, the focus was on understanding the impact of academic self-efficacy on learning engagement, taking into account gender as a moderator and psychological resilience and professional commitment as mediators. We conducted a survey with 1,032 college students in Henan Province, China, utilizing the Psychological Resilience Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, College Student Learning Engagement Questionnaire, and College Student Professional Commitment Scale. SPSS and the Process plugin were used to assess mediating and moderating effects. Academic self-efficacy significantly and positively correlates with college students' commitment to learning. The positive anticipation of learning engagement facilitated by academic self-efficacy exerts its effect through the fully parallel mediation of psychological resilience and professional commitment. Notably, the mediation effect of professional commitment was greater than that of psychological resilience. Further research found that the mediation of professional commitment was moderated by gender, with female students demonstrating stronger perceptions of professional commitment associated with elevated levels of learning engagement. Gender did not exhibit a significant moderating effect on psychological resilience. College students' academic self-efficacy, professional commitment, and psychological resilience must be addressed to enhance their learning engagement.

The Chinese version of Defensive Medicine Scale (DMS): reliability and validity test among physicians

BackgroundPhysicians are inclined to resort to defensive medicine (DM) for self-protection due to the increasing potential risk of medical litigation. DM is globally prevalent and has become an impediment to the development of healthcare. However, there is a lack of validated tools specifically designed to assess DM in China. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Defensive Medicine Scale (DMS) among clinicians to provide a practicable tool for relevant research.MethodsThe present research consists of two phases. In Phase 1, DMS was administered to survey 327 physicians, and the collected data were obtained for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Phase 2 applied DMS to survey 323 physicians, from which the data was used for confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and cross-cohort consistency tests. Moreover, the participants of Phase 2 were required to complete Workplace Well-Being Scale (WWBS), Career Commitment Scale (CCS), Occupational Disidentification Scale (ODS), Intent to Leave Scale (ILS), and Difficult Doctor-Patient Relationship Questionnaire (DDPRQ-10) to test the convergent validity of DMS.ResultsThe Chinese version of DMS consists of 10 items divided into 2 dimensions, Positive Defensive Medicine (PDM) and Negative Defensive Medicine (NDM). The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor model fitted well (χ2/df = 2.540, RMSEA = 0.069, CFI = 0.981, IFI = 0.981, TLI = 0.971, PNFI = 0.646, PCFI = 0.654, SRMR = 0.044). Furthermore, the total score and the score of each dimension for DMS had a significant negative correlation with WWBS and CCS scores, and a significant positive correlation with ODS, ILS, and DDPRQ-10 scores. The Cronbach’s α coefficients for the total DMS and PDM and NDM dimensions were 0.917, 0.935, and 0.842, respectively; the split-half reliability coefficients were 0.922, 0.947, and 0.839, respectively. In addition, DMS showed cross-gender invariance.ConclusionThe Chinese version of DMS has been demonstrated to be an effective tool to assess defensive medicine among Chinese physicians with good psychometric properties.

Pengaruh Loneliness terhadap Komitmen pada Anggota Satuan Brimob Polda Sumatera Barat yang Menjalani Pernikahan Jarak Jauh

This study aims to identify the effect of loneliness on commitment in members of the West Sumatra Police Brimob Unit who undergo long-distance marriage. The research method used is quantitative with purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 60 Brimob members aged 18-25 years. Data collection used the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Commitment Measurement. Data analysis was performed with simple linear regression. The results showed a significant influence between loneliness and commitment of 26.7% (R=-0.517, R square=0.267, p&lt;0.05). The subject's level of loneliness was tend to be very high category, while commitment was in the medium category tending to be low. Loneliness experienced includes social and emotional aspects. On the commitment scale, aspects of psychological attachment were in the very low category, while aspects of long-term orientation and desire to maintain the relationship were in the moderate category. It was concluded that the higher the level of loneliness, the lower the perceived commitment. This finding confirms the importance of addressing loneliness in the context of long-distance marriage to maintain marital commitment.

The Turkish adaptation study of the professional identity scale.

Professional identity encompasses the understanding of professional practices and the development of values and skills within a specific profession. This study aimed to assess the suitability of the 9-item Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale, originally developed by Adams et al. (2006), for Turkish culture and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of postgraduate nurses. The study was conducted using a methodological approach. The sample consisted of 100 postgraduate nurses. Various analyses were conducted, including descriptive statistics of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation, and scale response bias for reliability assessments. Validity analyses included assessments of language, content, construct validity, concurrent validity, and known group validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 9-item Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale was found to be 0.85, indicating good internal consistency. Item-total score correlations ranged from 0.34 to 0.88. The confirmatory factor analysis goodness of fit indices, except for the AGFI index, had acceptable values after two modifications. The single-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. For concurrent validity, the scale demonstrated a positive and robust correlation with scores from the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale, supporting its validity. In terms of predictive validity, a regression model was established to assess the relationship between independent variables and core professional identity, and the model was found to be at acceptable levels. This study showed that the Turkish adaptation of the 9-item unidimensional "Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale" demonstrates acceptable levels of validity and reliability when administered to postgraduate nurses in Turkey.

A study on the professional attention and career commitment of health management students.

The education process is based on leading the choice of profession in line with the interests and abilities of the individual and helping them with their career plans in these professions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the occupational interest levels of the Health Management Department students on their career commitment. In the study, descriptive findings were included by using a quantitative research design. In the research, data were collected from 282 students studying Department of Health Management. SPSS 26.0 package program was used for statistical analysis of research data. Parametric tests (t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, normal linear regression analysis) were utilized since the data fit the normal distribution. 57.1% of the individuals participating in the research are female, 47.8% have the age range of 21 to 22. There is a positive, moderate (r = 0.677 p < 0.01) significant relationship between professional interest and career commitment scales. The level of professional interest and career dedication varies according to gender, age, income status and the class of the student. It is very important that health management students have an interest in their profession. Because this interest will guide them in what kind of a career they should make in their business life after graduation.

The relationship between nurses’ professional commitment and missed nursing care: a cross-sectional study in Iran

Background & aimsMissed nursing care is a global challenge that can have many consequences and it’s known as a common threat to the patient safety and quality of nursing care. The nurses’ professional commitment plays the final role in the occurrence of this issue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses’ professional commitment and missed nursing care in Iran.Materials & methodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 270 nurses working in two hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Sina & Shariati) from September to December 2023. The research community included all nurses working in medical-surgical wards in the designated hospitals. The research samples were included in a targeted and quota method after obtaining organizational permits, ethical approval and informed consent. Data collection was done using three questionnaires including demographic information form, Nursing Professional Commitment Scale, and MISSCARE Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 25.ResultsThe results of Pearson’s correlation test showed that there is a significant negative relationship between nurses’ professional commitment and missed nursing care scores (r=-0.23) (p < 0.001). The mean score of nurses’ professional commitment was reported at a moderate to high level (83.72 ± 16.02) and the mean score of missed nursing care was reported at a low level (47.84 ± 16.48). Nurses over 40 years old, morning shift and employed nurses showed higher professional commitment. Also, nurses under 29 years old and male nurses had more missed nursing care other than their participants. No relationship was observed between other demographic variables with nurses’ professional commitment and missed nursing care.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that higher nurses’ professional commitment leads to higher quality of care and less missed nursing care. Based on findings of this research, it is recommended for health care providers and nursing managers to adopt programs to increase nurses’ professional commitment and consequently reduce missed nursing care.

An Exploration of Meaningful Work: Examining Its Correlational Effect on Affective Commitment Level of Port Service Industry Employee

Meaningful work is a psychological concept that currently become a great concern among industry and organizations. This approach focuses on the search for meaning in work amidst the increasing complexity of work, especially in the port services industry, which is one of the vital sectors in the national economy. Previous studies have proven that meaningful work could strengthen employees' emotional attachment and optimizing job satisfaction. This research aims to explore the meaningfulness of work and its association with affective commitment level in the port service industry employee. It utilizes quantitative methods to quantify 45 employees through self-administered work meaningful scale and affective commitment scale then were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This research findings indicate a significant positive correlation between the meaningfulness of work and affective commitment among employees in the port services industry. Further analysis reports that majority of employees have a high and very high level of work meaningfulness which proved to be comparable to the level of affective commitment. In general, the level of meaningfulness of work for supervisory employees is the highest among other positions.

The impact of organizational learning on Polish and Finnish SME’s market performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparative study

Abstract This article focuses on the role of small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) organizational learning (OL), measured by a scale of commitment to learning, and their economic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is based on two samples of firms from Poland and Finland. Interviews with owners and managers of Polish and Finnish SMEs were conducted in December 2020 and January 2021. The results show that OL was quite high among the analyzed firms, with the exception of Polish non-exporters. Unlike the “pre-COVID-19” sample of Polish SMEs, the results of the two “COVID-19” samples showed no significant relationship between the applied measure of OL and firms’ market performance. The analyses indicate a significant impact of COVID-19-related disruptions on market performance measures for both Polish and Finnish enterprises. Thus, we conclude that firms’ turnover and profits have been affected by turbulences on particular markets and firms’ ability to benefit from various assistance programs offered by governments.

Can internship programs affect nursing students’ critical thinking disposition, caring behaviors, and professional commitment?

BackgroundNursing students are given opportunities to develop critical thinking disposition, caring behaviors, and professional commitment through clinical training. Therefore, nurse educators should move away from traditional methods toward new ones, such as internship programs in clinical training. This study assessed the effect of nursing internship programs on senior undergraduate nursing students’ critical thinking disposition, caring behaviors, and professional commitment.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design but with no control group. The study sample included 46 senior students enrolled in nursing internship programs. A demographic questionnaire, the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI), the Caring Assessment Report Evaluation (Care-Q), and the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale (NPCS) were used to collect data before and five months after the nursing internship programs were implemented.ResultsThe study findings revealed that the senior nursing students’ caring behaviors improved, but the total scores of critical thinking disposition and professional commitment did not change significantly after the nursing internship programs (p > 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results, nurse educators are recommended to adopt strategies to improve the effectiveness of internship programs on critical thinking disposition and professional commitment among senior undergraduate nursing students.

The relationship between ambulance team’s professional commitment, occupational anxiety, and resilience levels

BackgroundIndividuals who have the ability to bounce back from stressful events, to recover from their troubles and adverse environmental conditions by getting stronger each time are known as resilient people. Some professions may cause more occupational anxiety than others due to their characteristics and working conditions. In this research, we aimed to develop a professional commitment scale for the ambulance team. Another aim was to analyze the relationships between professional commitment, occupational anxiety, resilience, gender, job, seniority and working unit variables.MethodsIn the study, data were collected from a total of 1142 emergency ambulance workers working in Emergency Ambulance and Emergency Call Centers in 34 different cities in Turkey. Data were collected using the “Professional Commitment of Ambulance Team Scale (PCATS), Occupational Anxiety Scale for Emergency Medical Service Professionals (OASEMSP), and Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). Scale development analyses were carried out using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Regression analysis were used to examine the relationships between professional commitment, occupational anxiety, resilience, gender, job, seniority and working unit.ResultsAs a result of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), it was determined that 8 items remaining in the professional commitment scale formed a single-factor structure, explaining 46% of the variance of professional commitment of the team. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability value was 0.867. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the results of exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient obtained through CTT was 0.868, and the marginal reliability coefficient within the scope of IRT was 0.877. The test-retest reliability coefficient was calculated as 0.832, which indicates that the scale is valid and reliable.ConclusionsThe study revealed that resilience has a positive effect for professional commitment while occupational anxiety has a negative effect for professional commitment. In addition, having a moderate seniority has a negative (reducing) effect for professional commitment. Other variables (gender, job, and working unit) was found to have no significant impact on professional commitment.

The Relationship among Emotional Stability Personality Traits, Self-efficacy and Organizational Commitments of Managers and Subordinates in Nepalese Saving and Credit Cooperatives

The Saving and Credit Cooperative is a member-owned financial institution. The primary goal is to mobilize funds to improve the members' and society's socioeconomic position to generate profit within the community and its members. We examined the relationship between emotional stability (neuroticism), affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment of managers of saving and credit cooperatives in Kathmandu District. Likewise, the study investigated managerial-level employees’ self-efficacy and affective commitment. The study found the differences in commitment levels of managerial-level ethnic groups of SACCOS. The study found differences in organizational commitment levels between managerial-level employees and subordinates of SACCOS. The study has used three standardized questionnaires: The mini-IPIP Scale, the General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale, and the Organizational Commitment Scale. A purposive sampling method was administered (N=826). The data was collected from 206 SACCOS in the Kathmandu District. The samples were 189 managers and 637 subordinates of SACCOS respectively. A descriptive analysis was performed as well as Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient, the Mann-Whitney U Test, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to carry out the statistical analysis of the data. Emotional stability personality trait was negatively correlated with affective commitment and however, continuance, &amp; normative commitment were insignificant. The results showed the differences in organizational commitment between the managerial position and subordinates. The organizational commitment did not find differences in ethnic groups of SACCOS.

Psychological Resilience and Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

This study examined the relationship between psychological resilience, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The study, which was conducted with the relational survey model, was attended by 204 women and 176 men, 380 people in total (MAge=37,87±7,88) working in the Directorate of Youth and Sports. Participants answered the personal information form, "The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)", "Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS)" and "Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS)". After data collection, the basic assumptions of parametric tests were tested, and a model was created to examine the relationship between "BRS", "JSS" and "OCS" and the causal relationship between the latent variables was analyzed with the Structural Equation Model. The Pearson correlation analysis results showed significant positive correlations between the mean scores of "BRS", "JSS" and "OCS". When the goodness of fit values of the model were examined, it was found that all values were within acceptable limits. SEM results showed that psychological resilience had direct positive significant effects on job satisfaction (βBRS-JSS=0.22; p

Mediating Role of School Climate Between Democratic Leadership Style and Teachers’ Professional Commitment

The present study focuses on relationship between democratic leadership style and teachers’ professional commitment with mediating role of school climate. . The study is based on positivism philosophy. As per the Annual Statistical Report (ASR) 2022, 3106 Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) working in five districts in which 354 SSTs were selected by using stratified sampling method. Yamame’s (1967) formula was used to calculate the sample size. A questionnaire was developed for data collection including 12 items related to democratic leadership style, 20 items related to school climate and 18 items related to professional commitment of teachers. Reliability of Democratic Leadership Scale, School climate scale and Teachers’ Professional Commitment scale was estimated .764, .870 and .845 respectively. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and mediation analysis was used by applying Hayes (2015) Process Macro. The study's findings indicate that professional commitment and democratic leadership style was found partially mediated by school climate. The study suggested that principals in sample districts may exercise democratic leadership to strengthen the teachers' commitment to their job.