Commercialization Of Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

Systemizing the Management of University-Industry Collaboration: Assessment and Roadmapping

Many firms increasingly collaborate with universities to create innovation through the commercialization of scientific knowledge. However, a variety of mismatches between a firm's interests and the value delivered by university partners (e.g., common knowledge base, strategic goals, agreements on intellectual property management, etc.) can cause rough interactions and relationships. Therefore, managers demand an effective practice to support the management of university-industry collaborations (UICs). This article builds on the previous work on a matching quality assessment model by extending its applicability to propose an analytical framework for developing a strategic roadmap to guide relationship development toward effective UIC.

Task complementarity in academic work: a study of the relationship between research, education and third mission tasks among university professors

Professors have multiple responsibilities and tasks. They should contribute to research, teaching and ‘third mission’ activities such as commercialisation of scientific knowledge and industry collaboration. These tasks are expected to be complementary and that synergies between different tasks can lead to positive outcomes. But are professors’ work tasks really complementary or are they rather characterised by trade-offs, and what are the implications of having multiple tasks for academic performance? This study of tenured academic staff in Norwegian universities, observe that there are many positive associations between academic tasks. The data supports the assumption that student supervision is positive for research performance, as is research collaboration with public and private organisations. We also find a positive association between student supervision and participation in third mission activities, but only with research collaboration and not commercialisation activities. The data also indicates that the combined effect of participation in third mission and teaching activities is neither negative nor positive for research performance, and as such we do not find indications that having multiple task is negative for work performance in the form of research output.

«Третья миссия» в программах развития российских университетов (на примере вузов Северо-Западного федерального округа)

<p>В статье анализируются программы развития ряда университетов Северо-Западного федерального округа России в части реализации ими задач «третьей миссии» — выполнения социальных функций. Выделены особенности реализации «третьей миссии», в зависимости от статуса университета, его миссии, целей и задач, основные направления взаимодействия образовательных организаций высшего образования с органами региональной власти, сферой производства и местным сообществом.</p><p>В качестве значимого для себя элемента большинство университетов видят коммерциализацию научных знаний и трансфер технологий, делая акцент на инновационно-предпринимательской составляющей реализации «третьей миссии». Приоритетными также являются установление взаимовыгодных партнерских отношений с производством, государственными учреждениями и органами власти, трансфер технологий, консультирование и экспертиза. Участие в социально-культурной жизни региона или макрорегиона, как правило, рассматривается во вторую очередь.</p><p>Авторы приходят к выводу, что успешность реализации университетами «третьей миссии» будет во многом зависеть от позиции федеральных органов управления системой высшего образования, которые должны четко обозначить значимость этого направления.</p>

ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В УКРАЇНІ

The innovative way of development of Ukraine, which is recognized as the priority direction of competitiveness increase of national economy, provides creation of national innovative systems. The national innovative system is defined as set of legislative, structural and functional components which are involved in process of creation and application of scientific knowledge and technologies and define legal, economic, organizational and social conditions for ensuring innovative process. The national innovative system consists of two components: research and production (as first) and infrastructure (as second) which in the interaction and interrelation provide production and commercialization of scientific knowledge and technologies within national borders. In article identified a number of reasons, hindering the development of innovative processes. The main disadvantages of socio-economic relations, hampering the development of the scientific and technological competitiveness of Ukraine are presented. Perspective ways of development management of the national innovative system are listed. It is noted that realization of innovative development model of the country demands close integration of education, science and production sector, and also development of its new forms. The effective innovative policy has to be carried out not only on nation-wide, but also at the regional level that causes the necessity of creation and realization of complex. A main objective of complex strategy of innovative regional development is ensuring steady economic formation of the region, improvement of quality of population life and environment of a certain territory.

‘A jack of all trades’: the role of PIs in the establishment and management of collaborative networks in scientific knowledge commercialisation

The commercialisation of scientific knowledge has become a primary objective for universities worldwide. Collaborative research projects are viewed as the key to achieving this objective, however, the role of Principal Investigators (PIs) within these complex multi-stakeholder research projects remains under researched. This paper explores how networks in the scientific knowledge collaboration process are initiated and maintained from a multi-stakeholder perspective. It is based on case study evidence from 82 stakeholders in 17 research collaboration projects in Irish and German universities, which provides for a holistic view of the process, as opposed to prior research which has tended to report findings based on the analysis of one or two stakeholders. It finds that PIs play a lead role in establishing and managing stakeholder networks. This finding is unanimous for all stakeholders, irrespective of research centre size, type and geographical location. Not unlike the entrepreneur, the PI has to be ‘a jack of all trades’, taking on the roles of project manager, negotiator, resource acquirer as well as, the traditional academic role of Ph.D. supervision and mentoring. The findings suggest that PIs are better placed than Technology Transfer Office managers to act as boundary spanners in bridging the gap between science and industry.

Constructing “Disinterested” Academic Science

This article analyzes how exchange participants in university–industry agricultural biotechnology research collaborations manage and create differences between the academy and industry with regard to the open dissemination and commercialization of scientific knowledge. Our focus is on the constitutive relations that define the boundary between academic and commercial science. We identify a particular “relational package” that formalizes and standardizes exchanges of money from industry for privileged access to university research discoveries. Our analysis of academic scientists’ justificatory narratives about their patenting decisions challenges the oft-made assertion that academic patenting on its face should be taken as evidence of a blurred institutional boundary between academic and commercial science.

OPEN ACCESS IN THE DISSEMINATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN PSYCHOLOGY

The purpose of this study is to compare the features of Open Source and Open Access movements against those of the classic publishing model. It is argued that scientific dissemination is hindered by the continuous rise of academic journals prices, while the quality of research may be impaired by conflicts of interest arising from the commercialization of scientific knowledge. This study also shows some dissemination tendencies in English and Spanish Psychology journals. It is hinted that standard publication and editorial dissemination processes do not appear to be adjusting quick enough, to follow the technological and social changes required by the current scientific production. The authors of the present study conclude that Open Access scientific publishing could ensure a higher efficiency in the distribution of scientific knowledge in comparison to the standard publishing model. In addition it is conjectured that Open Access publishing might also reduce the incidence of conflicts of interests. Key words: copyright, intellectual property, open access, open source, scientific publishing.

The Dynamics of Commercialization of Scientific Knowledge in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology

ABSTRACT We carry out an in-depth study of the growth, diffusion and reinforcement of knowledge in this article. We look for drivers to diffuse knowledge as to collaboration (between different research teams and between university and industry), regulations (on intellectual property rights, governmental), and broad lines of scientific research according to the financing methods used. The studies referred to in this article are linked to the creation and search for better commercialization conditions for the sciences and technologies associated with biosciences and nanosciences. Different paths of knowledge may be identified, according to the case. Certain kinds of drivers may be used more often than others, determined by the type of knowledge being dealt with. For instance, networking and collaboration between different research teams is one of the main activities necessary to innovate and to commercialize the products resulting from knowledge and research in those clusters. In other situations, it may be more suitable to reinforce knowledge diffusion through certain regulations. A case in point is the significance of the Bayh–Dole Act in the US, used to improve relationships between university and industry. Therefore, the aim of this article is to evaluate the type of drivers and the intensity required in each case. In general, in more advanced clusters and territories, drivers are more biased to creating conditions to commercialize science, and to a lesser extent, to government intervention to foster development. The two case studies we have chosen, i.e. the Barcelona biomedical cluster and the biosciences cluster in the Basque Country, call for drivers that are the same in certain regards but vary greatly in intensity. The simultaneous presence of all of these drivers works in an interrelated manner to activate the complex process of commercialization of science.