Development Of Commercial Technology Research Articles

Accelerate the Promotion and Application of Commercial Cryptography Technology in The Automotive Industry

With the acceleration of the intelligent and networked process of the automobile industry, the problem of information security has become increasingly prominent. As the core guarantee means of information security, the promotion and application of commercial cryptography technology in the automobile industry is particularly important. In this paper, the application status and challenges of commercial cryptography technology in automobile industry are comprehensively analyzed, and the relevant strategies for promotion and application are put forward. By strengthening policy guidance, improving technological innovation capacity, promoting standardization construction and strengthening industry cooperation and exchanges, the aim is to accelerate the popularization and application of commercial cryptography technology in the automotive industry and improve the security protection capability of automotive information systems. The research of this paper is of great significance for promoting the construction of information security in automobile industry and promoting the rapid development of commercial cryptography technology.

Multi-User System for Earth Sensing Spacecraft Attitude Calibration and Analysis

The Teledyne Multiple User System for Earth Sensing (“MUSES”) was developed for commercial Earth imaging and instrument technology development on the International Space Station (ISS). MUSES simultaneously hosts up to four Earth ensing instruments and provides inertial pointing and tracking to orient instruments toward planned targets on the ground. Up to four instruments are robotically installed on MUSES and periodically interchanged as warranted. MUSES was delivered to the ISS in June 2017, with initial testing successfully completed and subsequently documented in an initial requirements verification report. Assessing the performance of the MUSES attitude estimation system is challenging due to the lack of an independent attitude estimate of the platform attitude. A novel approach is introduced herein where the ISS attitude estimate, derived from ISS Global Positioning System sensors, is employed as an independent measure of MUSES platform attitude. Spectral decomposition methods are used to account for the contributions of ISS deformations to the variance in disparities between the ISS and MUSES attitudes and thus enable a less conservative estimate of the variance in MUSES attitude error. Implementing the spectral decomposition results in a best estimate upper bound on MUSES attitude errors of 34.5 and 27.7 arcsec, respectively, in the along-track and cross-track axes. Both the simulated and real results obtained from the spacecraft are presented.

The complex landscape of TMS devices: A brief overview.

The increasing application of TMS in research and therapy has spawned an ever-growing number of commercial and non-commercial TMS devices and technology development. New CE-marked devices appear at a rate of approximately one every two years, with new FDA-approved application of TMS occurring at a similar rate. With the resulting complex landscape of TMS devices and their application, accessible information about the technological characteristics of the TMS devices, such as the type of their circuitry, their pulse characteristics, or permitted protocols would be beneficial. We here present an overview and open access database summarizing key features and applications of available commercial and non-commercial TMS devices (http://www.tmsbase.info). This may guide comparison and decision making about the use of these devices. A bibliometric analysis was performed by identifying commercial and non-commercial TMS devices from which a comprehensive database was created summarizing their publicly available characteristics, both from a technical and clinical point of view. In this document, we introduce both the commercial devices and prototypes found in the literature. The technical specifications that unify these devices are briefly analysed in two separate tables: power electronics, waveform, protocols, and coil types. In the prototype TMS systems, the proposed innovations are focused on improving the treatment regarding the patient: noise cancellation, controllable parameters, and multiple stimulation. This analysis shows that the landscape of TMS is becoming increasingly fragmented, with new devices appearing ever more frequently. The review provided here can support development of benchmarking frameworks and comparison between TMS systems, inform the choice of TMS platforms for specific research and therapeutic applications, and guide future technology development for neuromodulation devices. This standardisation strategy will allow a better end-user choice, with an impact on the TMS manufacturing industry and a homogenisation of patient samples in multi-centre clinical studies. As an open access repository, we envisage the database to grow along with the dynamic development of TMS devices and applications through community-lead curation.

Replacement of conventional reference electrode with platinum electrode for electronic tongue based analysis of dairy products

This work demonstrates the utility of platinum metal electrode as replacement for conventional Ag/AgCl reference electrode for voltammetric electronic tongue based analysis of edible dairy products. It overcomes the limitations of conventional silver-based reference electrode that presents a potential health hazard when employed for analysis of edible dairy products. Various dairy products like toned milk, Lassi and skimmed milk powder were tested using a cluster of platinum, gold and rhodium working electrodes. Responses of electrode cluster were captured using cyclic voltammetry. Comparative investigations were carried out between responses with platinum reference electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Repeatability and reproducibility of results have been examined. Our results suggest that platinum metal reference electrode can be reliably used for voltammetric electronic tongue based analysis of dairy products. Further this shall pave way for commercial development of electronic tongue technology in food sector adhering to hygienic and food safety regulations.

A Wideband Millimeter-Wave Corrugated Horn at 30–50 GHz Taking Advantage of All-Metal 3-D Printing Fabrication

The development of commercial all-metal 3D-printing technology provides a new fabrication method for wideband millimeter-wave corrugated horns up to 50 GHz. Compared with conventional fabrication techniques, such as direct machining, electroforming or recently developed methods relying on the assembly of platelets, all-metal 3D-printing has advantages of low cost, fast delivery, possibility of mass production, flexibility in fabrication of complicated geometries and good mechanical robustness. In this letter, we report the development of a wideband millimeter-wave corrugated horn at 30-50 GHz (50% fractional bandwidth) based on commercial all-metal 3D-printing technology. Measurement results reported in this letter show good performance in terms of both return loss and cross-polarization.

Nutrient recovery technologies for management of blackwater: A review

Nutrient recovery and recycling are of great importance in sustainable development. Blackwater (BW) refers to wastewater from toilets, which contains feces, urine, water, and toilet paper from flush toilets. The highly concentrated nutrients of blackwater could be collected through source separation and treated adequately to recover nutrients efficiently and economically. The review intends to give an overview of the characteristics of BW and different techniques to recover nutrients and other valuable products. A number of these technologies are currently under development or being tested at laboratory or pilot scale. The perspective for blackwater nutrient recovery technologies is very positive due to their great potential. For application of source-oriented sanitation infrastructure and systems, there is still a long way to go for development of commercial technologies and valuable products.

Analysis of Initial Deployment Strategy for Low-Orbit Large-Scale Constellations

With the development of commercial space technology, low-orbit large-scale satellite constellation has shown great development potential in communication services and military applications due to its advantages of low delay, strong signal, high coverage rate, fast communication rate, and low cost of mass production. It has become an urgent problem in the field of satellite constellations to study the perturbation evolution law of low-orbit large-scale constellation initialization and orbit maintenance, and how to maintain and control the deployment and initialization of low-orbit satellite constellations efficiently, economically, and stably. In this paper, the satellite motion law, constellation configuration evolution characteristics, and constellation initialization control strategy are analyzed considering the perturbation of earth’s nonspherical gravity and atmospheric drag under the orbit deviation of satellite orbit elements. Firstly, MonteCarlo simulation was used to simulate the deviation of satellite initial orbit elements, and the evolution law of ascending ascension point and phase angle of different constellations was analyzed and, secondly, establish the initialization phase constellation deployment and the ascending node right ascension deployment of mathematical equations, using Starlink constellation (V1.0-L3, 8) satellite TLE data; initialization of Leo constellation orbit plane is analyzed, by considering the orbit bias satellite simulation data; the same orbital plane satellite initialization phase deployment method is analyzed; finally, this paper provides some suggestions for the future deployment and maintenance control strategy of low-orbit constellation.

Improved Calculation of Magnetic Hysteresis Loss of Stacked Superconducting Cable Under T-A Formulation

The second generation of high-temperature superconductor (HTS)REBCO has been widely used in a variety of electrical equipment due to its excellent current carrying properties and commercial manufacturing technology development. Most HTS-based superconducting power devices need to operate under alternating magnetic fields or alternating currents. Therefore, the influence of magnetic loss must be taken into account in the design process to ensure the operation stability and safety. In order to analyze the magnetic loss of superconductor, 2D and 3D Twisted Stacked-Tapes Cable (TSTC) models are both established based on T-A formulation. Because the 3D model has the problem of long calculation time, a parametric scanning method is proposed to reduce the deviation of hysteresis loss numerical simulation between 2D model and 3D model under alternating magnetic field. On the premise that the number of meshed elements remains the same, the calculation accuracy can be further improved by reducing the scan step length to ensure the consistency of the 2D model and the 3D model. The results show that when the scanning step is 40°, the deviation of the 2D model results from the 3D model results is about 5%, but the calculation time is less than half of the 3D model.

Hydrokinetic Power Resource Assessment in a Combined Estuarine and River Region

The worldwide river and tidal hydrokinetic power potential is considerable. Harnessing such potential could allow the generation of a significant amount of sustainable electricity for local uses. To the present, most studies on hydrokinetic power have focused on large-scale commercial technology development, large tidal farms planning, and high-intensity resources assessment. Reduced attention was oriented towards investigating possibilities for small to medium-size hydrokinetic plants. However, given the characteristics of rivers and estuaries, in most cases, relevant hydrokinetic power exploitation possibilities exist regardless of the dimensions of the region considered. The planning of small to medium-size hydrokinetic plants for various aspects differs from larger developments. In the present work, a method for assessing the hydrokinetic resource is proposed and applied to the case study of the Douro waterway, which is characterized by moderate flow speeds and limited water depths. A high-resolution shallow-water numerical model is set up using ocean and river inflow boundary conditions. The flow velocities are estimated for the neap-spring period for different freshwater discharges. The spots presenting the highest annual hydrokinetic power average were identified, maximum flow speeds of about 1 m/s were found, and an annual mean power of 0.4 kW/m2 was estimated, indicating that prospects for hydrokinetic energy harvesting exist.

Synergistic integration of wastewaters from second generation ethanol plant for algal biofuel production: an industrially relevant option.

The present study provides an integrated method for utilizing the wastewaters from second generation (2G) ethanol pretreatment plant for microalgal biomass and lipid production. The study was conducted using a mixture of wastewaters (referred as MW; pH 4.3) generated after washing of acidic and alkaline-soaked lignocellulosic biomass prior to pretreatment process. The growth studies indicated that the thermotolerant strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) M18 exhibited higher cell proliferation in wastewater as compared to freshwater. About 20-25% enhancement in biomass (509mg L-1 d-1 ± 3.09) and lipid productivity (146mg L-1 d-1 ± 1.34) was observed in MW. The total chlorophyll content and variable fluorescence by maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) ratio of strain cultivated in MW were 10.32µgmL-1 and 0.75, respectively. The use of MW also enhanced the content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in total lipid. The exhausted wastewater medium obtained after harvesting the auto-flocculated biomass was also reused up to three successive growth cycles. The recycled medium without any nutrient addition could be used for two subsequent rounds with enhanced biomass (520mg L-1 d-1 ± 4.07) and lipid (157.71mg L-1 d-1 ± 1.09) productivities. This synergistic approach of cultivating thermotolerant microalgae with wastewater from 2G pretreatment plant provides an economical setup for development of commercial algal biofuel technology.

Alginate-based delivery systems for food bioactive ingredients: An overview of recent advances and future trends.

Due to its advantagessuch as ionic crosslinking, pH responsiveness, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and low price, alginate has become one of the most important natural polysaccharides extensively used in constructing desired delivery systems for food bioactive ingredients. In this review, the fundamental knowledge of alginate as a building block for construction of nutraceutical delivery systems is introduced. Then, various types of alginate-based nutraceutical delivery systems are classified and summarized. Furthermore, the future trends of alginate-based delivery systems are highlighted. Currently, alginate-based delivery systems include hydrogel, emulsion, emulsion-filled alginate hydrogel, nanoparticle, microparticle, core-shell particle, liposome, edible film, and aerogel. Although alginate has been widely used in the fabrication of food bioactive ingredient delivery systems, further efforts and improvements are still needed. For this purpose, the future perspectives of alginate-based delivery systems are discussed. The feasible research trends of alginate-based delivery systems include the development of novel large-scale commercial preparation technology, multifunctional delivery system based on alginate, alginate oligosaccharide-based delivery system and alginate-based oleogel. Overall, the objective of this review is to provide useful guidance for rational design and application of alginate-based nutraceutical delivery systems in the future.

Do proposed regulatory approaches for commercialfusion energy jeopardize successful technologydeployment?

Fusion energy has long been touted as an energy source capable of producing large amounts of clean energy without the fuel, pollution, siting, and safety constraints of other energy sources. Despite this promise, fusion energy has not come to fruition after six decades of research and development due to continuing scientific and technical challenges. Significant private investment in commercial fusion start-ups signals a renewed interest in the prospects of near-term development of fusion technology. Successful deployment of fusion energy, however, will require an appropriate regulatory framework to ensure public safety and economic viability. Initial discussions and proposals from fusion start-ups (e.g., Commonwealth Fusion Systems, General Fusion, TAE Technologies) and industry associations (e.g., Fusion Industry Association)have advocated the use of risk-informed regulations as the basis for the licensing of commercial fusion technology in the United States. These proposals are based, in part, on regulatory methods used for licensing commercial fission technology that developed in parallel with the commercial fission industry. Risk-informed regulations incorporate risk information from probabilistic safety analyses to ensure that regulations are appropriate for the actual risk of an activity. Proponents of risk-informed regulation believe that these methods can improve the economics and operation of nuclear facilities by focusing regulatory resources on addressing credible accident scenarios that are most likely to pose threats to worker and public safety. In addition to interest from industry, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)has begun an initiative to develop a new risk-informed regulatory framework for the licensing of advanced nuclear fission power plants, but it is unclear if this framework would be applied to fusion. Despite the benefits of adopting a risk-informed framework for a mature fission industry, use of risk-informed regulations for the licensing of first-generation commercial fusion technology could be detrimental to the goal of economic near-term deployment of fusion. Commercial fusion technology has an insufficient operational and regulatory experience base to support the rapid and effective use of risk-informed regulations. More conservative regulatory analyses could instead be used for first-generation fusion facilities to facilitate more rapid deployment, and enable collection of operating experience to support future use of risk-informed regulations. A hybrid regulatory pathway that incorporates seven decades of lessons learned in commercial fission would enable the implementation of regulatory requirements that evolve with the development of commercial fusion technology, from a first-of-a-kind demonstration plant to a mature low-carbon energy source.

A Conceptual Technology Readiness Loop Model Through Systematic Review and Thematic synthesis

Technology readiness of products, services, organisations and consumers have been widely studied from different perspectives. This research aims to synthesize the themes of technology readiness through a systematic review of articles published in the time-period of 1995-2018 and further develop a technology readiness loop model for commercial new technology development. The applicability, use of the model and further research directions were recommended.

Photocatalytic anti-biofouling coatings with dynamic surfaces of hybrid metal-organic framework nanofibrous mats for uranium (VI) separation from seawater

• Anchoring ZIF-8 by polyphenol-metal coordination, covalent and noncovalent bonds. • Self-renewing ZIF-8/TA coatings with zinc-ions-releasing and ROS-producing abilities. • Synergetic uranium adsorption by pyrogallol, amidoxime, and imidazole groups. For the commercial development of nuclear technology, the isolation of uranyl ions from sea water becomes a strategic key work. However, a major challenge remains in uranium extraction to resist marine biofouling, through suppressing microorganisms' growth and adhesion on the surface of the adsorbent. In this study, by introducing a hydrolyzable tannic acid (TA) cross-linked coating with dynamic surface, we synthesized a self-polishing hybrid zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)/amidoximed polyacrylonitrile (AOP) nanofibrous mat (AOP@ZIF-8/TA) that has durable and outstanding anti-fouling performance. Subsequently, a variety of batch adsorption tests have been undertaken to determine the efficiency of the adsorbent. As a result, the maximum uranium-adsorbing capability of 1387.37 mg/g could be acquired at pH 5.0, and the sorption of uranium was not influenced by other co-existing ions. AOP@ZIF-8/TA mat also showed a long service life with favourable sorption capability after at least 5 adsorption-desorption cycles. Most importantly, the prepared hydrolyzable ZIF-8/TA coatings with zinc-ions-releasing and ROS-producing abilities form a dynamic self-renewing surface and contribute to high resistance to biofouling. After a 25‐day uptake measurement in natural sea water, the uranium sorption equilibrium was reached with the maximal adsorption capability of 11.17 mg·g −1 . Therefore, the self-peeling surface coating has the promise to be used in the production of U(VI)-binding antibiofouling adsorbents in the raw seawater.

Research – A blockchain of knowledge?

This perspective proposes that, by virtue of its sophisticated trust and consensus finding mechanisms, blockchain has the clear potential to substantially upgrade the processes and organization traditionally underpinning academic science and commercial technology development comprising funding, project delivery, generation of intellectual property, documentation and publication. For supporting this hypothesis, striking analogies between the concepts underlying blockchain technology with research are identified, and applied to the generation of verified knowledge in science and technology development. It is then elaborated how a blockchain-enabled token economy can efficiently and transparently incentivize and coordinate an integrative and community-inclusive participatory approach to fuel crowdsourcing of collective intelligence for contributing ideas, work, infrastructure, funding, data, validation, management, assessment, governance, arbitration and exploitation of projects. Quality, credibility and direction of projects are optimized by demanding collateral “skin-in-the-game” from contributors based on blockchain-enabled staking, reputation systems and prediction markets. This way research progress emerges as a chain of community generated and independently vetted blocks of scientific knowledge; these new blocks are concatenated with the state-of-the-art according to transparent consensus mechanisms.

Research of flexible terminal

In recent years, with the rapid development of high-low Earth Orbit Commercial Satellite Communication Technologies and products, and the increasing demand of aviation, navigation and space trunking communication, satellite Communication has entered the stage of satellite Internet development with hybrid application of GEO Satellite and NGSO Constellation. Based on the characteristics of GEO satellite and NGSO satellite, this paper studies the flexible terminal which can access the GEO and NGSO Constellation, designs and analyzes the key technologies such as low cost phased array antenna and flexible waveform, providing some insights and ideas around the development for the mixed application of the terminal in GEO and NGSO satellites.

Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation - Part 2: Optimization of parameters for orthopedic injuries and pain

A commercial research and development feasibility study was conducted using a critical bone gap of 1.0 cm, surgically created in the radial bone of the left forelimb, to determine the viability of PEMF for generating bone to refill the gap in an otherwise non-healing tissue injury site. The full duration of the feasibility study was not completed due to the subsequent financial insolvency of the sponsoring company, however, the critical experiments through week four were sufficiently completed to draw the following conclusions for commercial PEMF technology development purposes: PEMF did generate bone in critical gaps with a success rate of 100% for at least partial bone gap closure, and 40% for full bone gap closure, in the four weeks when PEMF was applied with a slew rate => 100 kG/s. Healing rates of 67% for partial gap closure, but 0% for full gap closure, was observed when PEMF slew rate was half that value, ~ 50 kG/s. Healing in the absence of PEMF was less than 10%, and only for very small amounts of bone gap closure on only one specimen, which may have been due to surgical error. Post-surgical pain was also greatly reduced when higher-slew rate PEMF was applied, compared to lower slew rates or control (no PEMF). The optimal magnetic waveform slew rate for PEMF when applied to orthopedic injuries, both for tissue regeneration and pain reduction, was therefore determined to be => 100 kG/s.

Multiscale modelling of ceramic nanoparticle interactions and their influence on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids

There is currently a lack of a reliable theory capable of making accurate predictions of the thermal enhancement in nanofluids (with relatively low solid volume fractions). The work described therefore assesses the thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspensions in fluids using a Lagrangian particle tracking-based computational modelling technique. A 3D, multiphase fluid-solid model is developed which predicts the motion of suspended nanoparticles. The nanofluid is predicted using an Eulerian-Lagrangian hybrid approach with a constant timestep. This technique takes various multiscale forces into consideration in the calculations, whose characteristic scales are quite different, providing for the first time an analysis of all factors affecting the stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The system considered consists of 71 nm diameter Al2O3 ceramic nanoparticles suspended in water, with homogeneous temperature distributions ranging from 25 °C to 85 °C, at various volume fractions between 1% and 5%. The results of the simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented technique, with predictions elucidating the role of Brownian motion, fluid viscous drag, inter-particle collisions and DLVO attraction and repulsion forces on nanofluid stability. Results indicate that aggregated nanoparticles formed in the suspensions, at various particle concentrations, play an important role in the thermal behaviour of the nanofluids. Predictions are in agreement with theoretical and experimental results obtained in related studies. The thermal characteristics of nanofluids are also considered as a function of temperature, system chemistry and time (measured from an initially homogeneously dispersed state). The proven enhancement in the conductivity of fluids affected by the addition of nanoparticles has great potential to assist the development of commercial nanofluid technology aimed at energy efficient and sustainable processes.

FEATURES OF THE CLOUD SERVICES IMPLEMENTATION IN THE NATIONAL NETWORK SEGMENT OF UKRAINE

Background. Cloud computing environments and services on their basis offering unprecedented cost savings, improved exchange of information and the efficiency of the infrastructure. Accordingly, by using these solutions we can increase the efficiency of the national network services segment. Thus the scalable service architecture development of network systems is a key aspect which directly forms the preferred national electronic services, both public and private sectors. Objective. The aim of the paper is to find the ways of optimal consolidation of cloud service systems for the timely transformation of single national information space Ukraine. According to the authors, providing an opportunity to influence these processes by government oversight agencies is critical to Ukraine Methods. Relevance of research in this area is confirmed by the rapid development of commercial technologies that make cloud implementation process simpler, safer and much more productive on the criteria of transparency, integration, expansion (scalability), quality of service. The introduction of cloud services by public and private operators of distributed service platforms requires consolidation of needs for cloud service technologies, and the harmonization of tariffs for their use by public oversight bodies such as NCCIR of Ukraine. Obviously, the developers of cloud service solutions must have the tools available to maintain service availability and quality, based on the technical and target parameters. Results. Proposed architectural features of the cloud services implementation technologies, including private cloud using existing structures to support the government and civil service systems at significantly reducing capital expenditures, provided support to the required level of security. Conclusions. Creation of a common cloud service network information environment requires data-centered model (in the long term DaaS), which has trusted data processing center based core, provided with the decent level of protection and functionality, spreading a corresponding policy on all joint data processing centers of national segment cloud network system by means of interoperability, which allows to deliver services demanded here and now, using replication and migration of corresponding services and link data (including inter-operator and cross-platform).

Prospects and Challenges of Pyrolysis Technologies for Biomass Conversion

Prospects and Challenges of Pyrolysis Technologies for Biomass Conversion