Commercial Recreation Research Articles

A proposed strategy to attract capital to invest in commercial recreation

A proposed strategy to attract capital to invest in commercial recreation

Ticari Rekreasyon İşletmeleri için Belediye Etkinlik Duyurumlarının İncelenmesi

Araştırmanın amacı belediyelerin düzenlemiş olduğu etkinlik duyurumlarını incelemek, etkinlik türlerini belirlemek, etkinlikleri sınıflandırmak ve ihtiyaç duyulan etkinlikler ile ilgili önerilerde bulunmaktır. Araştırmanın evrenini twitter hesabından rekreatif etkinlik duyurumu yapan tüm büyükşehir belediyeleri oluşturmaktadır. Ölçüte dayalı örnekleme tekniği ile en çok rekreatif etkinlik çeşitliliğine sahip olan ve resmi twitter hesabından duyurum yapan ilk beş büyükşehir belediyesi seçilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanması için doküman analizi, verilerin analizi için içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda açık alan ve kapalı alan olarak 2 adet temaya, kültür, sanat ve spor olarak 3 kategoriye ve 78 adet koda ulaşılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan temalar bağlamında beş büyükşehir belediyesinin yapmış oldukları duyurumlar karşılaştırmalı olarak tartışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları var olan literatürdeki boşluğu doldurması bağlamında katkı sağlarken, rekreasyon uzmanları ve işletmeleri için uygulamaya yönelik birtakım öneriler sunmaktadır.

The Place of Bearwards in Early Modern England

AbstractThis article recognizes the significance of commercial entertainment producers in early modern England operating outside of London. In doing so, it offers fresh methodological approaches for understanding pre-modern social status. I explore the geographical and social places of independent bearwards – individuals who kept bears for the commercial sport of baiting. Regional figures involved in entertainment production have been little explored and left behind frustratingly few biographical details. Yet three generations of one family – the Whitestones of Ormskirk in Lancashire (1610s through the 1630s) – do leave substantial surviving documentary evidence about their activities, assets, and networks. I use the Whitestones's probate inventories and wills and their and their neighbours’ court depositions and petitions to offer for the first time a holistic appraisal of the material, economic, and cultural circumstances of the bearward. By stepping inside the households and communities of several generations of independent entertainment producers, we can appreciate their complex and variable social status and the role of commercial recreation in social mobility. I finish by considering the human–animal relationships that underpinned the bearward's place in early modern England, offering fresh evidence of bears’ living arrangements and a theoretical framework for discussing their exploitation in the blood sport industry.

A proposed model for governance in the management of commercial recreation establishments

A proposed model for governance in the management of commercial recreation establishments

The Woolfes of Wine Street: Middling Culture and Community in Bristol, 1600–1620

Abstract This article provides an in-depth cultural study of England’s urban middling sort—those in-between wage labourers and the gentry—at the beginning of the seventeenth century, concentrating on one community in a major street in Bristol. This demographic has long been of interest to historians seeking to understand the major social changes of the early modern period, but little is known about the total urban experience of such individuals prior to the Restoration. Wine Street was home to goldsmiths’ standings and shops, instrument-makers, inn-holding widows, aldermen, mayors, and one of the longest-running playhouses in early modern England outside of London—a venue run by Nicholas and Margaret Woolfe. This study seeks to understand more about the everyday lives of this crucial demographic through a holistic micro-history of one particular community—grounding them in a specific place and time and providing an earlier case-study than is generally available in existing literature. Doing so demonstrates how middling status was complicated and defined by neighbourhood, marriage, widowhood, and inheritance. More widely, this group of Wine Street tradespeople, artisans and proprietors lived in a location that was in large part distinguished by forms of ‘play’, the elastic early modern term used here to refer to various forms of commercial recreation, from drama to inn-going to luxury shopping. I establish how, in such urban environments, middling status can be distinctly recognised in the imbrication of play with cultural and commercial identity.

Review: Adolph Sutro: King of the Comstock Lode and Mayor of San Francisco, by William R. Huber

Review: <i>Adolph Sutro: King of the Comstock Lode and Mayor of San Francisco</i>, by William R. Huber

Resort and Commercial Recreation Association - annual national conference 2019 reflections of a symbiotic conference – November 9–11, 2019

ABSTRACTThis article is an overview of the most recent annual conference, with attendees that included Educators, Practitioners, Students, and Vendors. The benefits of attendance are discussed.

Recreation Spatial Equity: An Empirical Study Based on Residents’ Experience in Shenzhen

The paper constructs the recreation spatial equity evaluation system of residents’ experience in central urban region and explores the degree of equity in the Futian District of Shenzhen, which is the case study area. The evaluation system adopts the quantitative methods of accessibility theory, which develops a mathematical formula describing the recreation spatial equity from the perspective of quality, time interval and satisfaction. According to the results of accessibility index, the article elaborates on the differences of all kinds of recreation spatial experience of different social classes to survey the reasons of different experience. However, the results from surveys indicate that the differences in the accessibility index of strong class, middle class and weak class are the same. Moreover, the accessibility index of middle class is higher than the other two classes, followed by strong class and weak class. Besides, these results differ from the other previous researches, which refer to the characteristics and allocation of recreation space as well as the preference of residents. In addition, after comparing the accessibility index of different types of recreation space, the paper finds that the equity of public recreation space is better than that of commercial recreation space. As for park, square and commercial recreation space and facilities, the equity of them is much better than those of waterfront recreation space, indoor sports facilities, cultural and educational space, historical and cultural blocks and golf courses.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ticari Nitelikli Rekreasyon Etkinliklerine Katılım Sıklıklarının ve Harcama Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Bingöl Üniversitesi Örneği

The aim of this study is to explain the monthly participation frequencies and spending levels of university students in commercial recreation activities. In addition, it determines whether there is any difference between the department and the monthly participation frequency. The population of the study consists of students studying at Bingol University. A questionnaire was completed for 641 students. The results of the research were obtained by using Anova and Manova analyzes in SPSS statistical program. The commercial recreational recreation where students participate most; cafe, games room and coffeehouse (X=4,54), reading books (X=3,81) and going to cinema/theater (X=3,36). The monthly expenditure level of students in recreational activities was the same with the results of the participation frequency. The Faculty of Theology, which has a minimum monthly attendance to the cafe, game room and coffeehouse activity, has been in attendance. The book reading activity was the monthly least attended by the Physical Education and Sports High School. The most participating department in cinema/theater activity was the students of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences.

An exploratory analysis of usability of Flickr tags for land use/land cover attribution

ABSTRACTThis study explored the land use/land cover (LULC) separability by the machine-generated and user-generated Flickr photo tags (i.e. the auto-tags and the user-tags, respectively), based on an authoritative LULC dataset for San Diego County in the United States. Ten types of LULCs were derived from the authoritative dataset. It was observed that certain types of the reclassified LULCs had abundant tags (e.g. the parks) or a high tag density (e.g. the commercial lands), compared with the less populated ones (e.g. the agricultural lands). Certain highly weighted terms of the tags derived based on a term frequency–inverse document frequency weighting scheme were helpful for identifying specific types of the LULCs, especially for the commercial recreation lands (e.g. the zoos). However, given the 10 sets of tags retrieved from the corresponding 10 types of LULCs, one set of tags (all the tags located at one specific type of the LULCs) could not fully delineate the corresponding LULC due to semantic overlaps, according to a latent semantic analysis.

Protecting the natural spaces on the edge of the Paris metropolis. Guide plan for the development of the natural space 'Joncs Marins' in the Paris metropolis

The site of the 'Joncs Marins' is situated on the southern edge of the Paris metropolitan area. It is a natural open space with woodlands, meadows and farmland and part of the river Orge valley. Different uses like agriculture, industrial and commercial activities and recreation coexist in this space alongside legal and illegal housing constructions. As the urbanized area of the Paris metropolis is growing, these natural spaces are increasingly under the pressure of urbanisation. Recognizing the importance of these spaces, the regional government tries to preserve them from an ongoing fragmentation. The planning office Rethink got commissioned by the region to elaborate a guide plan for the protection and future uses of the Joncs Marins. A guide plan, that would compose the basis to coordinate the future initiatives of the local actors. Today situated on the edge of the metropolis, these natural spaces will form the future urban parks, when the urbanisation has overgrown them. Like the two major parks of Paris, the 'Bois de Boulogne' and the 'Bois de Vincennes' have been once woodlands for hunting situated far outside of the city.

Urban Green: Nature, Recreation, and the Working Class in Industrial Chicago. By Colin Fisher

Urban Green: Nature, Recreation, and the Working Class in Industrial Chicago . By Colin Fisher. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. xv + 232 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95, paper.) Colin Fisher has shifted the focus of working-class, African American, and ethnic engagement with the city and its varied pleasures from nightlife and commercial recreation to the pursuit and enjoyment of nature. As he amply illustrates, the interaction of immigrants, blacks, and working-class whites with nature was not solely bound by work. Instead, members of these groups sought open spaces within city limits and seemingly natural places outside of the metropolis. Understanding the interactions of these groups with the natural world, however limited the available green space, Fisher … pmooney{at}luc.edu

The Effect of Recreational Fields on Multiple Intelligence of Alexandria University's Students

This study aims to identify the effect of practicing recreational fields on multiple intelligences for Alexandria University’s students. The researcher used the descriptive method with survey as they suit the nature of the study. Sample of the study was selected randomly from practitioners of recreational activities in Alexandria University. The researcher took into account that the sample represents the original community of the study (males and females), in terms of study (scientific and theoretical faculties – high and low score faculties), in terms of environment (rural and urban) and in terms of socioeconomic standard of students and patterns of recreational activities. Total sample of the study was (1599) students divided into (1521) for the main study and (63) to study first multiple intelligences, (15) for second exploratory study and legalizing the tool of the study. The researcher used multiple intelligences list as a tool of data collection. The researcher did the main study in the period from 19/3/2013 till 27/5/2013. The most important results are various recreational fields practiced by university students. The most practiced recreational fields were: social, commercial and free recreations. Other result is the ability to predict each individual’s intelligence pattern by knowing their recreational activity, direction of individuals to suitable recreational activities to their abilities by knowing their intelligence pattern. Females excelled over males in logical, musical, personal and existential intelligences, while males excelled in natural intelligence. There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in linguistic, spatial, social and physical intelligences. Practitioners of sport recreation excelled in physical intelligence. Practitioners of social recreation excelled in the social intelligence. Practitioners of cultural recreation excelled in linguistic and logical intelligence. Practitioners of free recreation excelled in spatial and natural intelligence. Practitioners of medical recreation excelled in spatial and personal intelligence. Practitioners of artistic recreation excelled in musical intelligence. Practitioners of commercial recreation excelled in existential intelligence.

Natural and anthropogenic controls over suspended sediments within a mountainous Appalachian watershed: implications for watershed restoration

The upper Elk River (620 km2), located in mountainous east-central West Virginia, is one of the premier cold-water fisheries in the eastern United States. However, sediment run-off from both forestry and non-forestry-related disturbance has the potential to threaten the quality of wild trout populations. General linear models were used to link spatial and temporal variation in total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations throughout the watershed to natural (i.e. landform and geology) and anthropogenic (forest management practices, other land-use disturbance [residential and commercial development, agriculture, and recreation], census roads) landscape attributes. In addition, through a unique paired sampling design, we tested the hypothesis that increasing levels of disturbance (i.e. forest management and other land use activities) within a watershed would result in a proportional increase in TSS concentrations. Spatial variation in TSS concentration was found to primarily be explained by land-use disturbance (partial R2 = 0.66) and secondarily by forest management practices (R2 = 0.13) and road area (R2 = 0.08). Results of a paired sampling design further indicated that significant increases in TSS concentrations were the result of intense land-use disturbance associated with activities other than forest management. Temporal variability (i.e. CV) in TSS was primarily related to dry flat area (partial R2 = 0.28) and percent calcareous bedrock (R2 = 0.21), suggesting natural sedimentation processes associated with karst geologies may exacerbate effects of anthropogenic disturbance. These results suggest that forestry-related best management practices being used in this mountainous region were effective in reducing sediment loads to nearby waterbodies, and improved management of non-forestry disturbance may be needed to protect this valuable fishery from sediment-related impacts.

Emerging Opportunities for Commercial Recreation

The commercial recreation industry faces new opportunities due to the changing economic climate and its impact upon public recreation providers (Outdoor Industry Association, 2012). Those recreation opportunities historically offered by public entities are transforming and as a result recreationists are experiencing more park closures, limited hours of operation, a reduction in quality, and ultimately dissatisfaction (Crompton, 1999; Koeberer, 2011). There is a shift occurring and this opens up a wide market for new commercial recreation operators to fulfill this gap. For trail-based recreation this usually requires a sizable piece of land that often precludes most potential market interests. However, with a new approach to commercial recreation enterprise via partnerships, this market can be better utilized while serving a distinct population. The Kingdom Trails Association (KTA) in northeastern Vermont is a model success story for this type of partnership enterprise and offers valuable information for other entrepreneurs wishing to create similar opportunities. KTA provides 110 miles of well-designed trails on 57 different private land owner parcels and two public sites. Facing similar challenges of a commercial business, they have grown to fulfill a new niche in trail-based recreation and now draw over 60,000 visitors a year, have an economic impact of more than $5.6 million, and are entirely self-funded. The story of how this entity grew from an idea by a few local mountain bikers to become “Best Trail System in North America” (Bike magazine, 2008), and “Best of New England” (Travel and Life, 2011), provides a unique look into developing trends in outdoor recreation and ways that commercial interests can serve them.

An Analysis of Compensation Patterns and Job Satisfaction Issues of Resort Recreation Professionals

Job satisfaction among recreation professionals can be affected by many internal and external conditions. This study investigated the impact of 16 variables on the job satisfaction of private sector recreation practitioners. An additional 12 variables were used to describe job responsibilities and organizational characteristics. Three construct measures were used to determine individual wage, benefit and total compensation. The sample consists of 73 complete survey responses from professional members of the Resort and Commercial Recreation Association (RCRA). Regression analysis was used to identify the significant variables related to job and compensation satisfaction. The results of this data are compared with similar surveys conducted in 2000 and 2006. The findings indicate it is beneficial to track the status of wages for a professional association, as there has been apparent growth in recent years.

Magarpatta City: Farmers Direct Investment (FDI)

Magarpatta City covers 430 acres of land that was owned by about 120 farmer families with 800 individuals. These farmers joined together to form the Magarpatta Township Development and Construction Company Limited (MTDCCL) and developed the city, thereby realizing their dream of converting their land into a value-added finished product that gave them benefits and returns in perpetuity. Satish Magar is the de-facto leader of the group because of his educational accomplishments, political connections, largest land holding and the trust that the Magar community has in his leadership and ability to take them collectively to a point where all of them collectively benefit. Magarpatta City was conceived as an integrated planned township with multiple commercial zones, residential neighborhoods, school, hospital, shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, and recreation areas. These were designed to be contemporary with futuristic features and included a state-of-the-art IT Park called Cybercity that provided international facilities to leading global IT giants. Being encompassed by verdant greenery and pollution free environment has added to the townships allure. The city has its own rain water harvesting, garbage segregation and waste management, biogas plant, vermiculture, plant nursery and solar water heating arrangements that creates a self sustainable system and ensures further enhancement of the environment. A walk to work-home-recreation lifestyle is at the core of Magarpatta. All these facilities came with complete support to run new cutting edge information technology infrastructure, full power back up, ample parking, stringent security, and strict adherence to fire safety norms. The case describes the process that the farmers went through to convert the raw material that they possessed (land) to a finished product, namely the Magarpatta Township. It illustrates the changes that the real estate sector is going through in India, issues related to getting government permissions for a township, conceptualizing, designing, planning, and constructing the township, marketing and financing the township, benefits that the township had for the farmers, residents, Pune city, business environment, and developing an organization that can carry forward the process of replicating the success of this model of real estate development.

Surfing as adventure travel: Motivations and lifestyles

The purpose of this study was to create a profile of the adventure traveler’s lifestyles, values and travel motivations. An understanding of the lifestyle and attitudes of today’s adventure traveler can aid tourism marketers in designing messages tailored to this unique target market. Differences and similarities between genders and the age cohorts of Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers were examined. Across the sample most participated in a “traditional” type of sport before migrating to an adventure activity and they also engaged in more than one type of adventure activity. Across the sample, the participants traveled in order to meet or maintain current relationships. While participating in their adventure sport, females reinforced the desire to be with others while males wanted to gain self-confidence. The participants overall also viewed themselves as conservative in their lifestyles and values. They spend money carefully and do not feel the desire to rebel against things in general. Future research and implications for the resort and commercial recreation industry is presented.

Factors of spatial distribution of recreation areas in peri-urban Beijing

Based on the case study of peripheral urban areas in Beijing, this paper aims to identify the factors which will influence the spatial distribution of peri-urban recreation areas, by analyzing the collected data from questionnaires, online survey, documentation and field investigations (2007). In order to achieve sound information, relevant data from different management departments, owners and land-use types involved in the case study area are collected. A sampling database for peri-urban recreation areas in Beijing is established, and GIS spatial analyses as well as statistic analyses are applied. The result indicates that spatial distribution of recreation areas is majorly influenced by four factors, e.g. tourism attractions and environmental conditions, policy and spatial governance, consumption demand and preference, land price and availability. Tourism attractions and environmental conditions are dominant factors for public recreation areas. Commercial recreation areas are highly related with accessibility. Agricultural recreation areas are usually attached to special farmlands near large-scaled scenic areas. Meanwhile, recreational business clusters have appeared in suburbs influenced by mass recreation market growth. Controlled by the land price, commercial recreation areas are differentiated on their scales and developing intensity. Policy and spatial governance have made arrangements of recreation areas more balancing and more human-oriented. A peri-urban recreation area model is therefore established on the basis of this analysis, which can guide urban planning and designing, land-use planning and recreation resource development.

The relationship between employee satisfaction with organizational communication and customer orientation

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between satisfaction with the organizational communication and external customer orientation among front-line employees in a commercial recreation setting. Data for the current study were collected through the use of a survey instrument completed by front-line employees of a large regional family entertainment center in the Midwest USA. Contrary to the anecdotal evidence, a significant relationship was not found between the level of organizational communication satisfaction reported by front-line employees and their external customer orientation. Results of the current study are consistent with research by Wagenheim (2006) and Homburg et al. (2009) within a commercial recreation setting, but run contrary to previous studies conducted in non-commercial recreation environments. Results suggest that front-line employees within a commercial recreation setting may be fundamentally different in regard to the organizational communication satisfaction and the customer orientation as compared with front-line employees in other service settings. Suggestions are given that may help managers better facilitate customer orientation among front-line employees.