Commercial Data Analysis Research Articles

Efficacy of targeted therapy of environmental mastitis using on-farm culturing in small dairy herds

The aim of the study was to evaluate treatment protocols for improvement of clinical and bacteriological cure rate of non-severe clinical mastitis (CM) and selective dry cow therapy (SDCT). Mastitis management based on on-farm commercial culture system MicroMastTM and data analysis were implemented into two dairy herds. Quarters with evidence of Gram-positive agents were treated using benzyl penicillin or amoxicillin and/or by amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. In herd A, 31 quarters of non-severe CM were recorded. Of them, Streptococcus uberis was isolated in 16 (51.6%), non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) in 8 (25.8%), E. coli in 5 (16.1%) and no growth in 2 (6.5%) cases. Bacteriological cure was observed in 24/29 (82.8%) quarters. Antimicrobial consumption was reduced from 3.56 to 2.33 doses per case. Under the SDCT protocol, 28 quarters (13.2%) of 53 cows dried-off were included, achieving a reduction by 86.8% on the quarter level. In herd B, 23 quarters of non-severe CM were recorded. Of them, S. uberis and Escherichia coli were identified equally in 8 (34.8%) samples and NAS in 2 (8.7%) samples and with no growth in 5 (21.7%) cases. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 17/18 quarters (94.4%). Antimicrobial consumption was reduced from 4.45 to 1.83 doses per case. Only 5 (1.7%) quarters of 72 cows were included for SDCT with reduction in consumption of antimicrobials by 98.3% on the quarter level. In summary, innovated treatment protocols based on results of on-farm culture enabled a significant reduction of antimicrobial consumption and improvement of bacteriological cure rate in conditions of practise.

Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol Detection in Water Using Semiconductor Gas Sensors

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are the most common causes of unpleasant odours in drinking water. A method was proposed to detect and recognise these compounds in water and determine their concentrations. The method utilises commercial solid-state gas sensors and data analysis. Sample preparation plays an important role. The aqueous solution is converted into a gas sample using a specially designed dynamic headspace. The responses of the sensors are recorded during exposure to headspace vapours in a dynamic mode. The best limit of detection for geosmin, LOD = 6.20 µg/L, was attained with a TGS2602 sensor. The best limit of detection for MIB, LOD = 0.52 µg/L, was attained with a TGS826 sensor. Geosmin and MIB recognition was 100% successful based on TGS826 and TGS2602 response classifications. Geosmin and MIB concentrations were effectively determined in solutions containing one or both compounds. The respective mathematical models utilised the responses of TGS826 and TGS2602. The smallest concentration prediction error was RMSE = 2.19 µg/L (for geosmin) and RMSE = 0.33 µg/L (for MIB). The study demonstrated the application potential of non-specific gas sensors for the early warning monitoring of geosmin and MIB presence in water. Further studies are needed to develop a system that can be tested in field conditions.

Research on Predicting Customers' Next Purchase Based on Shopping Basket Data

Thanks to the rapid development of e-commerce and online shopping, a large amount of shopping basket data has been accumulated. How to mine the useful information in shopping cart data to predict customers' next purchase is an important problem in commercial data analysis, which is widely used in the fields of online advertising and product recommendation. In this paper, three prediction methods are proposed, including frequency-based prediction, rule-based prediction and similarity-based prediction. Moreover, evaluations and analysis of these three methods are conducted on the public dataset. It is found that the items that were frequently purchased by consumers in the past are more likely to continue to be purchased due of the higher prediction accuracy of the frequency-based methods. On the other hand, similarity-based item prediction methods also yielded good results because there is also a significant overlap in the items that similar users want to purchase. Therefore, it is concluded that in practical applications, frequency and similarity-based prediction methods can be applied to predict consumers' next purchases.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Internal, Tingkat Profitabilitas, Dan Dana Syirkah Temporer Terhadap Struktur Modal Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of asset structure, company growth, liquidity, firm age, level of profitability, and temporary syirkah funds on the capital structure of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The population in this study are all banking companies registered with the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan in 2016-2020, namely 14 companies. By using a purposive sampling technique, there are nine sharia commercial banks that will be sampled in this study. This type of research is quantitative research using secondary data, namely annual reports of Islamic commercial banks and data analysis techniques with multiple linear regression using the SPSS 23 application. The results show that profitability and liquidity have a significant and negative effect on capital structure. Meanwhile, asset structure, company growth, company age, and temporary syirkah funds have no effect on capital structure.

Why does CRT work better in women?

Abstract Introduction It has been recently postulated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) might have a higher efficacy in women, with a greater reverse cardiac remodeling in this population. The reasons for these differences are not yet completely understood. We aimed to detect sex differences in the degree of ventricular asynchrony (VA) and mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients undergoing CRT implantation. Methods We analyzed baseline characteristics of a prospective international clinical trial that compared CRT response rate in a HF population with a comparable distribution of men and women (BIOWOMEN). A total of 408 patients were analyzed. The degree of mitral regurgitation and intra and inter-ventricular asynchrony was assessed by independent echocardiographers in a core lab. Inter-ventricular asynchrony was defined as an interventricular mechanical delay greater than 40ms and intra-ventricular asynchrony as differences greater than 50ms among regional pre-ejection periods. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using commercial data analysis software. Results As expected, ventricular asynchrony was dependent on QRS duration and the presence of LBBB (p<0.01). Baseline QRS duration was significantly shorter in women than men (155.85±19.0 in women vs 160.4±21.6, p=0.02). However, for a similar QRS duration, there were no differences in asynchrony parameters between the two groups (p=0.43; Figure 1). Female sex was associated with a significantly higher proportion of mitral regurgitation for a given QRS duration, which was independent of the etiology (p=0.05). Conclusions In our analysis, for a given QRS duration there was not a higher degree of asynchrony in women with HF. However, female sex was associated with a significantly higher proportion of mitral regurgitation for a given QRS duration irrespective of baseline HF etiology. Further investigations are needed to establish a possible link between these findings and better CRT outcomes in women. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG

Mental health needs among parents of children with cancer: A commercial claims data analysis.

e18722 Background: Caring for a child diagnosed with cancer may adversely affect mental health (MH) of parents. However, little is known about MH care needs among parents of pediatric cancer patients. This study examined the patterns of MH care for parents of children diagnosed with cancer, as compared to parents of children without cancer. Methods: We used MarketScan® Commercial Database to identify continuously-insured parents of children receiving therapy for leukemia, lymphoma, central nervous system, bone, or gonadal cancers (aged ≤21 years at diagnosis) in 2009-2017. We also identified parents who matched eligibility criteria but had no child with cancer (with a randomly-assigned, fictitious date of cancer diagnosis) as controls. Outcomes included parents’ visits related to a MH disorder (anxiety, depression, substance use disorder [SUD], post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) during six months before to 12 months after their child’s cancer diagnosis. Multivariable regressions were estimated to compare MH visits between 9,870 parents of pediatric cancer patients and 3,396,097 parents in the control group, adjusting for sociodemographic factors (parents’ age and sex, rurality, region, number of children in household) and presence of MH history. Among parents of pediatric cancer patients, we explored sociodemographic factors, MH history, and clinical factors (children’s cancer types, age at diagnosis, therapeutic modalities) associated with MH-related visits in multivariable regression analyses. Results: While the likelihood of MH history was similar between the two groups, a higher proportion of parents caring for cancer patients than controls had any visits related to anxiety (13.1%% vs. 9.5%), depression (9.6% vs. 7.5%), PTSD (0.5% vs. 0.4%), or any MH disorders (22.0% vs. 17.6%). These differences persisted in adjusted analyses. For example, parents of cancer patients were 24%, 37%, and 27% ( p-values < 0.001) more likely than controls to have any MH visits, anxiety-related visits, and depression-related visits, respectively. No difference was observed in SUD-related visits. Among MH care utilizers, no significant difference was observed in the number of MH visits. Among parents of cancer patients, those with MH history, mothers (vs. fathers), and parents of children with bone cancer (vs. leukemia) were more likely to have any MH visits ( p-values < 0.05). Parents whose children received surgery only and those with ≥3 children in household were less likely to have any MH visits ( p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: Parents of pediatric cancer patients have significantly higher needs for MH care as compared to the general parent population. Our finding underlines the importance of future interventions toward targeted MH counseling and supportive strategies for vulnerable parent groups, such as mothers and those caring for children undergoing more complex treatment plans.

Healthcare Resource Use and Burden Associated with Influenza Transmission Among Household Members with a Primary Infection: Commercial Claims Data Analysis.

PurposeTo assess the burden of influenza transmission and care-seeking patterns over 3 influenza seasons among commercially insured households with a primary influenza infection.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used commercial claims data from the US MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases for the 2014, 2015, and 2016 influenza seasons. Patients with a billed diagnosis of influenza and with coverage for at least 1 household member under the same health plan policy were included. A secondary diagnosed case was defined as a diagnosis of influenza in a second household member occurring within 14 days of the index case in a household.ResultsAmong 1,224,808 households with ≥2 members and a primary case of influenza, a secondary case of influenza was reported in 119,883 households (9.8%). A secondary diagnosed case of influenza occurred within 4 days of the primary diagnosis in 93,883 (78.3%) of those households. Both primary and secondary diagnosed influenza cases occurred most often among children (~60%). Household size was positively correlated to both the risk of a second case (6.4% of households with 2 or 3 members versus 12.6% of households with ≥4 members, P < 0.001) and the time to diagnosis of a second case (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.09; P < 0.001).ConclusionClaims data for 3 influenza seasons (2014, 2015, 2016) showed that intrahousehold transmission of influenza occurs in approximately 10% of households with a primary case and poses a higher burden on larger households. Intrahousehold transmission of influenza represents a large healthcare resource use burden, with an unmet need for interventions that limit transmission.

Forensic Application of Next Generation Sequencing Technology in the Typing of Y Chromosome Genetic Markers.

The paternal inheritance characteristics of Y chromosome have been widely used in the forensic genetics field to detect the genetic markers in the non-recombining block, and used in the studies such as, genetic relationship identification, mixed stain detection, pedigree screen and ethnicity determination. At present, capillary electrophoresis is still the most common detection technology. The commercial detection kits and data analysis and processing system based on this technology are very mature. However, the disadvantages of traditional detection technology have gradually appeared with the rapid growth of bio-information amount, which promotes the renewal of forensic DNA typing technology. In recent years, next generation sequencing （NGS） technology has developed rapidly. This technology has been applied to various fields including forensic genetics and has provided new techniques for the detection of Y chromosome genetic markers. This article describes the current situation and application prospects of the NGS technology in forensic Y chromosome genetic markers detection in order to provide new ideas for future judicial practice.

Graph Matching for Marker Labeling and Missing Marker Reconstruction With Bone Constraint by LSTM in Optical Motion Capture

Optical motion capture (MOCAP) is a commonly used technology to record the motion of non-rigid objects with high accuracy in 3D space. However, the MOCAP data has to be processed further before it can be used. The scattered reconstructed motion data must constitute a human configuration by labelling process according to the predefined template, and the missing markers have to be reconstructed to produce a stable motion trajectory. In this work, we propose a novel labelling method for motion sequences. First, a novel graph matching method is employed to determine the connection relationship of the scattered motion data for a single frame. Then, Kalman filtering is used for tracking in the motion sequence. As for the challenge coming from missing markers, we propose a new motion data preprocessing method considering the bone length constraint, which represents the information of variation in the relative position of adjacent markers. The processed motion data is input into a Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) model to recover the missing markers and de-noise the motion data. The experiment conducted on our own dataset proves that our labelling method achieves a similar effect to Cortex, which is a commonly used commercial motion data analysis software. The experiment on CMU dataset demonstrates that our missing marker reconstruction method can achieve an art-of-state result. The labelling code will be pulished on https://github.com/Lijianfang6930/Graph-Matching-for-Marker-Labelling

Pannexin 1 Channels Contribute to IL-1β Expression via NLRP3/Caspase-1 Inflammasome in Aspergillus Fumigatus Keratitis

ABSTRACTPurpose: Pannexin 1 channels are deemed to play important roles in inflammation. However, there is limited information regarding their roles in fungal infection diseases, especially fungal keratitis. This study aimed to investigate the role of pannexin 1 channels in Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis.Materials and Methods: Mouse models or immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were infected with or without A. fumigatus for given time. The expression of pannexin 1 channels was tested by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Mice of A. fumigatus keratitis were pretreated with carbenoxolone (CBX) or 2ʹ(3ʹ)-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine-5ʹ-triphosphate (BzATP) to block or activate the opening of pannexin 1 channels respectively. The clinical score was recorded. Cornea tissues were examined for the downstream signals of pannexin 1 channels, including NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) by PCR and ELISA. Data were analyzed with commercial data analysis software and a P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Upon A. fumigatus infection, pannexin 1 expression increased at both the mRNA and the protein levels in mice corneas (P< 0.05, n = 3). Immunofluorescence indicated that pannexin 1 channels were mainly located in the corneal epithelial layer, and they were upregulated after A. fumigatus infection. In vitro, the same tendency was found at the mRNA and the protein levels in HCECs (P< 0.05, n = 8). In mouse model, blockage of pannexin 1 channels by CBX caused more severely keratitis. The downstream signals of pannexin 1 channels (NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β) and MPO were down-regulated. Whereas activation the opening of pannexin 1 channels by BzATP reduced corneal infection with increased expression of Caspase-1 and IL-1β.Conclusions: Pannexin 1 channels play important roles in the regulation of progression and leucocytes aggregation during corneal A. fumigatus infection via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-β pathway.

Current state-of-art of STR sequencing in forensic genetics.

The current state of validation and implementation strategies of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology for the analysis of STR markers for forensic genetics use is described, covering the topics of the current catalog of commercial MPS-STR panels, leading MPS-platforms, and MPS-STR data analysis tools. In addition, the developmental and internal validation studies carried out to date to evaluate reliability, sensitivity, mixture analysis, concordance, and the ability to analyze challenged samples are summarized. The results of various MPS-STR population studies that showed a large number of new STR sequence variants that increase the power of discrimination in several forensically relevant loci are also presented. Finally, various initiatives developed by several international projects and standardization (or guidelines) groups to facilitate application of MPS technology for STR marker analyses are discussed in regard to promoting a standard STR sequence nomenclature, performing population studies to detect sequence variants, and developing a universal system to translate sequence variants into a simple STR nomenclature (numbers and letters) compatible with national STR databases.

Nerve Electrical Signal Analysis Based on Matlab

Action potential is one of the main ways to transmit information in the nervous system. In fact, a single electrode tends to record the activities of more than one neuron, therefore, the recorded signals need to be analyzed to get the single neuron discharge sequences. This paper separates and analyzes the nerve signals of rat dorsal root ganglion by the program written in Matlab and commercial data analysis system LabChart respectively. The results showed that both of them can achieve to separate the different amplitudes signal and conduct statistical analysis, but Matlab program is simple and can directly isolate different neural signals which is easy to understand and accept, it can also process the data according to their specific characteristics and get more consistent results to the reality, while LabChart can only get the results close to the reality. In addition, LabChart can be modified to get more practical analysis through the analysis of Matlab. In a conclusion, Matlab program can satisfy the need to deal with the data independently, and it can also work as helper to improve the results of a commercial software processing.

The role of information technology in commercial banks

Globally, information technology has become a key element in economic development of many countries in the world. Over the years, many innovations have taken place in the world, the most striking and most celebrated is the aspect of information technology. Organizations today are confronted with rapidly changing market condition indicated by high merger rate and strong competitors under these conditions, traditional management approaches that focus on introduction, challenges and solution of information technology application on commercial banks, internal network and communication in commercial bank, data analysis, findings, suggestions and conclusion.

Determination of the right wave by empirical statistics: The wave energy resource assessment and the investigation of existing marine and coastal potential compatibility

In competition with other resources, ocean waves provide abundant supply of clean, safe, and reliable energy, but this source needs to be made an economical source for natural energy harvest. For this purpose, a wave energy conversion device is developed through various mechanisms by using ocean fluctuations that affect the ecosystems. The study was developed for the user to reduce the need for profitability of competitive balance and to support decision-makers who govern the equations for identifying locations for wave energy conversion facilities. Our model of wave energy harvesting is based on the analysis of the wave energy facility to quantify the net present value (NPV) of capital investment and evaluation. The proposed model has a local, regional, and flexible framework that can be applied even to the global scale for the wave energy conversion projects. The proposed model can be applied to the ongoing marine spatial planning. Specifically, the applications and ecological characteristics with an existing data collected by laboratory experiments and filed investigations, and the work of the various studies of the quantitative analysis of the compatibility of the commercial fishery data analysis spatial overlap. According to the empirical statistics, we found that the waves of the ocean around the west of Taiwan Island, had a great potential for high harvest, and offshore wave energy gradually increased. However, it comes to have an area of high economic potential whilst taking advantage of wave energy equipment to support the acquisition of a number of different coastal energy, the cost of the landing point of the submarine cable. The NPV is maximized if the conflict of use agreement is in place in the existing sea area. It is possible to build a wave energy facility in order to minimize the maximum composite wave energy and other economic uses. The high possibility of building the facility benefits the goal of this research. By mapping the wave energy, the governing equations of the study can assist decision-makers to use NPV to explore an alternative location for wave energy conversion facilities in order to reap the maximum returns. It is expected that the high potential areas would not be exploited in the race of capturing the existing marine space.

Experimental investigation of surface determination process on multi-material components for dimensional computed tomography

The possibility of measuring multi-material components, while assessing inner and outer features simultaneously makes X-ray computed tomography (CT) the latest evolution in the field of coordinate measurement systems (CMSs).However, the difficulty in selecting suitable scanning parameters and suitable surface determination settings, limits a better acceptance of CT as a CMS. Moreover, standard CT users are subject to the algorithms and boundary conditions implied by the use of commercial analysis software.In this context, this paper is concerned with the experimental evaluation of the influence of surface determination process on multi-material measurements, using functions available in the commercial CT data analysis software Volume Graphics VGStudio Max 2.2.6.Calibrated step gauges made of different materials, i.e. PEEK, PPS, and Al were used as reference standards. The step gauges were assembled in such a way as to have different multi-material X-ray absorption ratios. Comparative measurements of mono-material assemblies were performed as well. Different segmentation processes were considered (e.g. ISO-50%, local threshold, region growing, etc.), patch-based bidirectional length analyses were carried out to perform in-material measurements on the assemblies.This work discusses the different approaches based on real CT scans, and aims to provide advice on the segmentation process for multi-material measurements.

The Kriging Cloud Computing Framework: Interpolation of Topography by Cloud Computing with the Kriging Algorithm

Spatial information surveyed by photogrammetry, airborne LiDAR and Mobile Measurement System (MMS) above ground level can be analyzed by scientists using standard geostatistical methodologies such as ordinary Kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation to interpolate heterogeneities of profiles from sparse sample data. Proven effective by researchers, the Kriging algorithm model is used by commercial data analysis packages for instant interpolation. However, meaningful and reliable results only come with a comprehensive understanding of the variogram associated with valid mathematical functions. To capture spatial landscape variations from massive sample grids of satellite images, this paper presents a cloud computing-based automation approach to improve topography interpolation by taking advantage of rapid computation speed through an open-source cross platform to enrich internet applications. The research team conducted a pilot test on sand beaches, developed the Kriging Cloud Computing Framework, streamlined the Kriging algorithm, developed Kriging Variogram Data Bank and Parameter Management System, derived cross validation procedures and built in Application Programming Interface, API. This new technology can benefit end users around the world in acquiring of ground profiles and production of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) while requiring only minimal knowledge of the Kriging Method. This cloud computing system facilitates user data input, parameter selection, fast data analysis and model output. The application of this new framework improves remote sensing technology and GIS applications in a variety of unreachable terrains, such as deserts, swamps, and dense forests.

Preparation of nanowire specimens for laser-assisted atom probe tomography

The availability of reliable and well-engineered commercial instruments and data analysis software has led to development in recent years of robust and ergonomic atom-probe tomographs. Indeed, atom-probe tomography (APT) is now being applied to a broader range of materials classes that involve highly important scientific and technological problems in materials science and engineering. Dual-beam focused-ion beam microscopy and its application to the fabrication of APT microtip specimens have dramatically improved the ability to probe a variety of systems. However, the sample preparation is still challenging especially for emerging nanomaterials such as epitaxial nanowires which typically grow vertically on a substrate through metal-catalyzed vapor phase epitaxy. The size, morphology, density, and sensitivity to radiation damage are the most influential parameters in the preparation of nanowire specimens for APT. In this paper, we describe a step-by-step process methodology to allow a precisely controlled, damage-free transfer of individual, short silicon nanowires onto atom probe microposts. Starting with a dense array of tiny nanowires and using focused ion beam, we employed a sequence of protective layers and markers to identify the nanowire to be transferred and probed while protecting it against Ga ions during lift-off processing and tip sharpening. Based on this approach, high-quality three-dimensional atom-by-atom maps of single aluminum-catalyzed silicon nanowires are obtained using a highly focused ultraviolet laser-assisted local electrode atom probe tomograph.

The direct medical costs of Huntington’s disease by stage. A retrospective commercial and Medicaid claims data analysis

Objective:This study quantified the direct healthcare costs and major cost drivers among patients with Huntington’s disease (HD), by disease stage in commercial and Medicaid databases.Methods:This retrospective database analysis used healthcare utilization/cost data for HD patients (ICD-9-CM 333.4) from Thomson Reuters’ MarketScan Commercial and Medicaid 2002–2009 databases. Patients were classified by disease stage (Early/Middle/Late) by a hierarchical assessment of markers of disease severity, confirmed by literature review and key opinion leader input. Costs were measured over the follow-up time of each patient with total costs per patient per stage annualized using a patient-year cost approach.Results:Among 1272 HD patients, the mean age was similar in commercial (752 patients) and Medicaid (520 patients) populations (48.5 years (SD = 13.3) and 49.3 years (SD = 17.2), respectively). Commercial patients were evenly distributed by stage (30.5%/35.5%/34.0%; Early/Middle/Late). However, most (74.0%) Medicaid HD patients were classified as Late stage. The mean total annualized cost per patient increased by stage (commercial: $4947 (SD = $6040)–$22,582 (SD = $39,028); Medicaid: $3257 (SD = $5670)–$37,495 (SD = $27,111). Outpatient costs were the primary healthcare cost component. The vast majority (73.8%) of Medicaid Late stage patients received nursing home care and the majority (54.6%) of Medicaid Late stage costs were associated with nursing home care. In comparison, only 40.6% of commercial Late stage patients received nursing home care, which contributed to only 4.6% of commercial Late stage costs.Conclusions:The annual direct economic burden of HD is substantial and increased with disease progression. More late stage Medicaid HD patients were in nursing homes and for a longer time than their commercial counterparts, reflected by their higher costs (suggesting greater disease severity). Key limitations include the classification of patients into a single stage, as well as a lack of visibility into full long-term care/nursing home-related costs for commercial patients.

Using Social Media Data Aggregators to Do Social Research

This article asks if it is possible to use commercial data analysis software and digital by-product data to do critical social science. In response this article introduces social media data aggregator software to a social science audience. The article explores how this particular software can be used to do social research. It uses some specific examples in order to elaborate upon the potential of the software and the type of insights it can be used to generate. The aim of the article is to show how digital by-product data can be used to see the social in alternative ways, it explores how this commercial software might enable us to find patterns amongst ‘monumentally detailed data’. As such is responds to Andrew Abbott's as yet unresolved eleven year old reflections on the crucial challenges that face the social sciences in a data rich era.

Association of TP53 Polymorphisms with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis

To offer a comprehensive evaluation of the potential associations of TP53 polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of candidate genetic association study. Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, the Cochrane Library, and other databases (up to January 20, 2012) were searched by two investigators independently. Pooled odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of the associations between two TP53 polymorphisms (codon 72 in exon 4 and 16 base-pair [bp] insertion in intron 3) and POAG. Statistical analysis was performed with a commercial statistical and data analysis software package. Nine independent studies on TP codon 72 (1930 cases and 1463 controls) and four articles on TP intron 3 16-bp insertion (858 cases and 683 controls) were identified. The overall results showed that there was significant association between TP53 codon 72 genotype and POAG risk in the recessive model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.64, P = 0.017). Also, our analysis suggested that TP53 intron 3 16-bp insertion polymorphism was associated with decreased POAG risk in overall population when examining the contrast of Ins versus Del (OR 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57-0.97, P = 0.031). In subgroup analyses for ethnicity (Caucasian, Asian), we detected the association between codon 72 polymorphism and risk for POAG in Asian populations (recessive model: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.80, P = 0.026) but not in Caucasian populations. However, no significant finding was noted between P53Arg72Pro and risk for open-angle glaucoma either in high tension glaucoma or in normal tension glaucoma. Because of insufficient studies on TP53 16-bp insertion polymorphism, no subgroup analyses were conducted according to ethnicity and glaucoma subtype to detect the effect of this polymorphism on the susceptibility to POAG. This meta-analysis showed the evidence that TP53 codon 72 (CC versus CG+GG) and intron 3 16-bp insertion (Ins versus Del) polymorphisms may affect individual susceptibility to POAG. Moreover, stratified analyses that detected the effect of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism seemed to be varied by ethnicity. Given the limited sample size, further investigations are needed to validate the association.