Commercial Communication Research Articles

Management of radio-frequency interferences for space traffic management: Current regulations, operations practice, technology mitigation solutions and future trends

Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) has a large impact on the business of commercial satellites communications and will have an increasingly important role in the next years and decades due to the spread of the launched spacecraft population.This paper presents the current state-of-the-art for Space Traffic Management -related RFI from a regulatory point of view, with regards to preventing and correcting harmful interference, linked to the International Telecommunication Union, and from a technical point of view, with technical procedures, workflows and innovative technology solutions for preventing and mitigating RFI. Finally, emerging technology trends and future directions are presented.

Design of Underwater Cables Applicable to Submarine(KSS-III Batch-II) Navigation Radar

Since the creation of the first submarine telegraph cable connecting England and France in 1850, today, due to the rapid development of the Internet and Communications fields, the demand for submarine communication cables has increased and continues to develop. Submarine cables are designed and manufactured to be suitable for the maritime environment, and many parts are imported from overseas, and several domestic cable manufacturers are producing them for commercial purposes. Field-proven and reliable commercial submarine communication cable technology is also being applied to the military field, and is especially actively utilized in naval surface ships and submarines. This paper is about the design of an underwater cable applicable to submarine(KSS-III Bach-II) navigation radar and also is to secure the performance of an underwater cable with bending durability in extreme marine environments, emergency diving, and repeated mast raising and lowering. Finally, we hop that the domestic development of underwater cables will help improve the performance of navigation radars for submarines.

Performance Analysis of Internet-based DGPS and Commercial Satellite-based Augmentation System: A Case Study in Peninsular Malaysia

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has become an essential component in modern times for positioning, navigation, and timing. A fast-growing economic region in Malaysia required a GNSS-based augmentation positioning and navigation service. To improve navigation solution, several augmentation techniques exist, such as a differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) assisted by reference station, or augmentation service provided by commercial communication satellite. The DGPS correction is applied through a real-time communication medium and can be received at the user side by several communication methods including internet-based, and this method is favourable for land and near-coast areas. This case study aims to investigate the reliability of internet-based DGPS and SBAS along the Peninsular Malaysia. A test was conducted and data were collected over 15 hours at a rate of 1 Hz from the available GNSS satellite using a geodetic-grade receiver mounted on a moving vehicle. The obtained results showed that DGPS and SBAS perform better than the navigation solution with an accuracy of 1.536 m and 0.955 m respectively, compared to the navigation solution with an accuracy of 3.159 m. The limitations of both augmentation techniques were also analysed and discussed in this study.

Regulating influencers' commercial communication: No legislation, hardly any self‐regulation and policy recommendations

AbstractInfluencers are gaining remarkable ground. Their content‐creation abilities, their credibility and consumer identification all represent an added value in commercial communication. However, controversies have emerged regarding the contents they divulge, as it is not always easy to distinguish advertising communication in the contents they post. Standards and guidelines issued on the matter pursue such transparency. In the present article, we analyse the specific regulations, both of a legal and self‐regulatory nature, that exist today on influencer commercial communication in the Americas and Europe. A total of 35 documents (21 from the American continent and 14 from Europe) were analysed. The results suggest that both the standards and the consulted guidelines fulfil their function: they offer instructions and parameters that promote the transparency of commercial communication. Nevertheless, it was found that further advances were necessary regarding various issues: (1) a standard definition of the influencer term, to allow for its regulation; (2) an agreement among different countries on common parameters, given the borderless nature of this form of communication; and (3), the promotion of advertising literacy to raise consumer awareness of the cross‐divulgation of advertising and opinion.

Cuando las empresas de moda se transformanen empresas de comunicación: los casos de Benetton,Net-a-Porter y Loewe

The digital context has caused the transformation of fashion brands into something more than producers and distributors of fashion products. In a context of disintermediation, through their online webpages or social media, brands are broadcasters and direct communication channels for audiences. This transformation implies profound changes for fashion companies. It also poses new challenges for the communication strategies of brands. Using the case method, this work approaches three renowned brands that are significant for their relationshipbetween fashion and communication: Benetton, Net-a-Porter and Loewe. The analysis reveals, on the one hand, the evolution suffered by fashion brands in recent decades andtheir role as communicators. On the other hand, it delves into the role of communication in the fashion sector, in a context where merely commercial communication gives way to new formats and experiences. The example of fashion films is paradigmatic.The conclusions thus show a strategic change for fashion communication. The connection with the product, the tone and the type of messages emitted are changing. And a mutation of brands is observed asthey are also constituted as communication companies, where it is essential to understand the consumer as an informed audience.

Penyerap Bahan Meta Berbilang Lapisan Padat untuk Aplikasi Frekuensi Satelit Jalur Ka

This work investigates the effects of multi-layered metamaterial design for absorption application at satellite frequency. This is because, the adopted Ka-band frequency is very useful for current technology which can be used in highresolution, close-range targeting radars, military aircraft, space telescopes, commercial, and wireless point-point microwave communication systems. Hence, this work focused on producing a compact design by adopting the optimisation method. Four square-shaped and two circular-shaped metamaterial rings were designed on 0.25 mm substrate material. Furthermore, the properties of the proposed metamaterial were discovered by adopting Computer Simulation Technology. This analytical simulation was performed for a frequency range between 27 and 40 GHz. On the other hand, several design analyses were investigated to gain an optimal metamaterial design structure for the proposed applications. For instance, unit cell selection analysis, reflection coefficient and absorbance analysis of the multi-layer metamaterial. Moreover, the proposed unit cell metamaterial manifests double resonance frequencies for reflection and transmission coefficients approximately at 27.31 GHz, 33.40 GHz and 30.56 GHz, 38.23GHz, respectively. The increment of layers on the proposed unit cell structure revealed unique responses. For example, the double multilayer metamaterial manifests similar dual resonance frequencies as the unit cell design but gains excellent magnitude values of more than -10. Moreover, the absorbance of the three distinct layer metamaterials, likely double, triple and quadruple layers were analysed as well in this work. Overall, the proposed compact metamaterial absorber exhibits unique behaviours for Ka-band satellite frequency applications.

Can you hear me? The inclusive advertising and its representation

Inclusive advertising represents an important change that is taking place. Issues that in the past were part of social communication are finding their way into commercial communication strategies and fuelling the ethical debate. The brand image is conveyed through emotional storytelling that involves the consumer. The keywords are changing: inclusion, ethics and values are replacing the “aspirational dimension” typical of advertising. In the digital age, the image of the testimonial is increasingly built on socially relevant topics. It is a transversal phenomenon that involves different targets and products. A new aesthetic paradigm is subverting the canon of communication strategies: new models, new families, new age groups, new bodies are appearing on the scene. Focusing on the representation of disability, this paper observes how advertising can contribute to changing the perception of socially relevant issues by new strategies.

The figure of the influencer under scrutiny: highly exposed, poorly regulated

The figure of the influencer has generated an increase in their presence on social networks. Their ability to create content, their credibility and their identification with the consumer represent an added value in commercial communication. However, their disclosures are controversial due to the lack of transparency and differentiation between their commercial and opinion content. The absence of a clear definition of an influencer, the need to regulate their actions and the difficulty of identifying the commercial content of their publications are evidence of the concern to regulate their activity. The aim of this paper is to analyze, in the European context, the specific regulations on commercial disclosures by influencers, as well as to ascertain the point of view of the agents involved. To this end, a content analysis of the guidelines, regulations and/or laws of 24 European Union countries is carried out, complemented by an ad hoc questionnaire that brings together different aspects that can be defined and delimited. The results show a lack of unanimity in the rules and regulations governing influencers, as well as a manifest concern on the part of professionals in the sector to determine their communications. Only two countries, France and Spain, have specific legislation on the subject, limiting commercial disclosure to the existence of consideration and/or number of followers. It is clear that the existing guidelines are, in most cases, more comprehensive in terms of transparency guidelines for identifying advertising than the regulatory texts. The findings question whether the path of legislation is the right one, or whether efforts should instead focus on media and advertising literacy for both influencers and consumers.

The future of the Portuguese (SW Europe) most vulnerable coastal areas under climate change – Part II: Future extreme coastal flooding from downscaled bias corrected wave climate projections

Episodic extreme coastal flooding is considered one of the most serious threats to the global coastlines, endangering infrastructure, ecosystems, and communities. The synchronized effects of extreme wave events, storm surges and astronomical tides are particularly worrying in the context of sea level rise (SLR), and a comprehensive understanding of their future dynamics remains challenging. In this study, an innovative approach for a vulnerability assessment of sandy low-lying coastal areas, based on dynamic ensemble projections is proposed. In the current Part II study, the combined effects of future projected SLR, tides, storm surges and wave action are investigated at five key-locations along the Portuguese coastline, considering projected digital terrain models, built upon the shoreline projections obtained in Part I. Future extreme total water levels are obtained through a probabilistic approach, and extreme wave events are defined considering high wave energy thresholds in a changing climate. Overall, extreme coastal flooding is projected across several urbanized sections along the Portuguese coastline, especially in areas without artificial protection infrastructures. Dune erosion is expected along the sandy stretches, reducing the natural protection against extreme coastal events up to 13.3%, and promoting widespread overtopping, leaving populations more exposed. Future projections reveal the episodic flooding of up to 1.47 km2 of land along the 14 km of analyzed coastline, threatening households and commercial hubs, besides services and communication routes. As physical and human losses may increase substantially in the future, our results call for the implementation of adequate coastal management and adaptation plans, strategically defined to withstand changes until 2100 and beyond.

The Application of Commercial Surface Acoustic Wave Radio Communication Filters as Transducers for DMMP Sensors.

In the present study, we used two popular radio communication SAW resonators as a base for gas sensors and tested their performance. Taking into account issues related to sensor sensitivity, the possibility of applying a sensor layer, the availability of devices, and other related issues, we selected two popular single-port resonators with center frequencies of 315 and 433 MHz (models R315 and R433, respectively) for testing purposes. Both resonators were equipped with a sensitive film of hexafluoroisopropanol-substituted polydimethylsiloxane, a material that selectively absorbs molecules with a high ability to form basic hydrogen bonds. Fabricated sensors were used to detect trace amounts of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) vapor, which has often been used in similar studies as a nerve chemical warfare agent simulant. Sensors using both devices loaded with sensor layers of an optimal thickness rapidly reacted to a gas containing DMMP at a concentration of 3 mg/m3, generating a stable analytical signal ranging from several to several dozen kilohertz. In the case of R433, the frequency signal was 20.5 kHz at 1 min from the beginning of exposure to DMMP. The obtained results showed that the used transducers exhibited good performance as a base for gas sensors. Finally, their suitability for sensing applications was confirmed by a comparison with the results obtained in previous similar studies.

Research and Application of a Generalized Power Communication Framework with Joint Security Protection Mechanism

Background: The rapid development of Industry 4.0 has opened up new power systems, which face a more complex network topology and a broader range of security threats. This has led to an urgent demand for a coordinated, lightweight, and secure communication management method. Methods: This paper presents a general power communication framework with a joint security protection mechanism that is suitable for coordinated management and transmission safety. The framework manages the protocol’s thread management of the device by converting it to the framework’s process management. It formulates specifications for protocols and equipment that access the framework to achieve support for multiple protocols and equipment. This reduces the difficulty of system operation and maintenance, as well as system complexity, and improves management efficiency. Additionally, the joint security protective mechanism for plugin authentication and protocol encryption is introduced to enable secure data transmission and guarantee the framework's security management. Finally, two experiments have been conducted to discuss and confirm the effectiveness and safety of the framework. Results: The results of the two experiments and the following analysis show that our framework is superior to the chosen well-known industrial commercial communication platforms, and the time delay cost by our mechanism doesn’t significantly affect the real-time data transmission in the power industry, proving its feasibility in both IoT and power applications. Conclusion: Our framework demonstrates exceptional performance in terms of time lag and packet loss during the experiment, surpassing other IoT communication frameworks. Furthermore, it maintains its high standards even under rigorous security analysis.

Investigating Moroccan EFL 3rd Year University Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Analysing Advertisements

TV commercials are ubiquitous, with people worldwide continuously exposed to various forms of commercial communication. This study aimed to assess the extent to which Moroccan university students utilize critical thinking skills when watching advertisements. Specifically, it sought to determine whether these students could analyse and evaluate the content they encounter and the impact of commercials on their purchasing behaviour. A survey was conducted with a sample of 70 third-year university students from Moulay Ismail University. Given the study’s quantitative nature, data from the survey were analysed using SPSS. The results indicated that the university students are adept critical thinkers, capable of analysing and evaluating the advertisements they viewed. A significant number of students could identify persuasive strategies employed by advertisers. Additionally, there was no notable difference between male and female students in their application of critical thinking skills; both groups could critically analyse a Maroc Telecom advertisement. Moreover, their purchasing behaviour was not influenced by viewing TV advertisements.

Sports celebrities and advertising on Instagram: a case study of brand sponsorship in Spain

PurposeThe aim of this paper, which analyses the use of sports celebrities in advertising discourse, is to understand the strategic use to which brands put them in their commercial and corporate communication on Instagram.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, a content analysis was performed on the Instagram posts of the brands Santander, Movistar, Red Bull and Iberdrola during the period 2021-2022.FindingsThe results indicate that, strategically speaking, these brands use the celebrity endorsement strategy to pursue emotional objectives and to adopt a position depending on the type of user. Likewise, these findings show that they single out uniqueness as the principal celebrity characteristic, while also mainly leveraging sports values, especially competence. These values represented by sports celebrities are markedly social in nature, which implies that they enjoy a degree of public recognition that is transferred to the brand to which they lend their image.Research limitations/implicationsThe conclusions connect celebrity endorsers with strategic branding issues and aspects of sports.Originality/valueAn empirical approach is followed here to study the representation of sports celebrities in the advertising of well-known brands linked to the sports world.

4H–SiC microring resonators—Opportunities for nonlinear integrated optics

Silicon carbide, a wide bandgap semiconductor material platform, has emerged as an exceptional material for nonlinear integrated photonics. Among the different poly-structures, 4H-silicon carbide-on-insulator stacks show promising results to their low loss, which are crucial for commercial applications like communication, metrology, and spectroscopy. High Q-values and low-loss microring resonators are imperative for miniaturization and photonic integration in these applications. This Perspective emphasizes recent advancements in enhancing the quality factor of microresonators based on 4H-silicon carbide, as well as the strides made in experimental results of third-order nonlinearities. Furthermore, this Letter addresses and outlines the prospects of integrating 4H-silicon carbide microring resonators into frequency comb technologies and potential applications.

Hollow cathode discharge instability onset in electric thrusters

Hollow cathodes are an integral part of ion, and Hall thrusters are used for electric propulsion in deep space missions and in commercial communications satellites. Hollow cathodes are known to operate in a quiescent “spot mode” and in a noisy “plume mode” in which plasma instabilities generate erosive energetic ions. The onset of the plume mode in hollow cathodes has been defined historically as when the keeper voltage oscillation values exceed 5 Vpp (peak-to-peak). Using a LaB6 hollow cathode in a vacuum chamber setup that simulates operation in ion and Hall thrusters, a set of emissive and Langmuir probes have been used to investigate the plasma properties associated with plume mode onset as a function of discharge current and gas flow rate. We find that the plume mode onset occurs at even less than 2 Vpp of the keeper voltage for the 5–75 A hollow cathode investigated here and starts at higher gas flow rates than expected from the traditional 5 Vpp metric used by those in the field. Mode competition and coupling between three different instabilities observed in the near-cathode plume affect the overall plasma oscillation levels that are correlated to energetic ion production. We find that the plasma oscillation levels measured by in situ plasma diagnostics are more indicative of the presence of oscillations and the generation of energetic ions than indirect keeper voltage measurements.

Does digital transformation reduce bank's risk-taking? evidence from vietnamese commercial banks

This study examines whether digital transformation reduces banks' risk-taking in the Vietnamese commercial banking sector. Our research sheds light on how banks' digital transformation affects their risks, specifically regarding credit, insolvency, and liquidity. The study utilizes the readiness index for the Vietnamese commercial banks' Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Index, which the Vietnamese government has officially constructed. The OLS, PCSE, and FGLS models are employed to analyze how digital transformation reduces banks' risk-taking based on the longitudinal data from 26 commercial banks in Vietnam from 2013 to 2022. The results indicate that digital transformation significantly reduces credit risk by improving risk management capacity and reducing asymmetric information. It also helps mitigate insolvency risk by lowering costs and increasing profitability. However, digitalization does not significantly impact liquidity risk as digital channels leverage banks' lending and deposit activities. This research provides empirical evidence on the role of bank digitalization in risk-taking and concludes with recommendations for developing bank digital transformation in Vietnam and other developing countries, including suggestions for further research in this area.

THE IMPORTANCE OF USING ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR TOURIST GUIDES A STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF GRADUATES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM AT AHL AL-BAYT UNIVERSITY IN KARBALA GOVERNORATE

Mastering the English language and its correct rules is necessary for tour guides and a gateway to enhanced communication with tourists. The importance of this research lies in the accurate use of vocabulary, which is critical to achieving the goal of a clear explanation. Understanding grammar is crucial in all languages, mainly administrative and commercial communications. For instance, a sentence's meaning can vary drastically without proper grammar, as seen in the 'go' and 'gen' examples. This research aims to equip tour guides with the necessary language skills to serve their English-speaking tourists better.

Users' Emotional Responses and Behavioural Intentions to Augmented Reality Ad Content Designs

This article specifically examines the emotional implications of using augmented reality (AR) technology in advertising. It primarily focuses on how users' emotional reactions and subsequent actions are influenced by the design of AR advertisements. The text examines the multifaceted impact of emotion in commercial communication, encompassing diverse areas such as political advertising and online advertising that employs hilarious storytelling. The study subsequently examines the impact of emotional components of augmented reality (AR) advertisements on users, emphasizing the crucial roles played by immersive and interactive experiences, creative design, user engagement, and other aspects in guiding emotions and shaping behavioral intentions. Ultimately, the utilization of augmented reality (AR) technology is showcased in the domains of electronic commerce, internet-based food delivery, and educational gaming. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of emotion in AR advertising, it is necessary to conduct thorough study on the particular application and implementation methods. Additionally, it is important to examine how technological, cultural, and societal factors impact user responses. This paper seeks to analyze and combine existing studies in order to uncover the potential of emotional applications in augmented reality (AR) marketing. Additionally, it attempts to offer guidelines for future research and practical implementation.

Peran Beauty Influencer Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Beli Produk Make Up Pada Generasi Z

In recent years, the development of commercial communications and live broadcast events on television has attracted a lot of attention from the public, especially the younger generation. Is a Trend in today’s digital world across various social media platforms, creating an opportunity for brands to market through social media influencers, many artists or athletes getting involved with the product and delivering their reviews so that many target audiences. We call beauty influencers. Currently, generation Z will tend to look at reviews from beauty influencers before they buy a product. This research aims to see the effect of beauty influencers on customer purchase intention in cosmetic products. This research on Generation Z. The sample was 100 respondents using purposive sampling. The data will be processed using regression. The results show that the role of beauty influencers can increase the purchase intentions of Generation Z partially or simultaneously and influences 87.6% and the remaining 12.4% is influenced by other variables not examined in this research.
 
 Keywords : beauty influencer, purchase intention, gen z

A Amazon usa a marca registrada de outra pessoa para comercializar productos?

In the case involving the interpretation of the requirement of “use in the context of its own commercial communication”, the CJUE ruled that an e-commerce platform with the characteristics of Amazon may use the sign in this manner when third-party sellers use it use in products they market on its website. This comment analyses the judgment and presents the author ́s position.