Commercial Club Research Articles

К вопросу об озеленении города Нахичевани-на-Дону в XIX – начале ХХ века

Urban improvement includes landscaping – part of the city’s public administration. We consider the expe-rience in this area of the city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, whose residents from the very beginning have been planting orchards and fruit trees. Not always this experience was positive because of the lack of irrigation, later gardens and parks began to be laid in more suitable places, such as at the Cathedral Square. Its southern part was later named Boulevard. In the 1880s, the Alexander Garden was planted on the western outskirts of Nakhichevan. It was located where the city forges were demolished. The garden became a favor-ite place for citizens to relax. At the same time, green spaces appeared on the north-eastern outskirts of the city, better known as the Balabanov groves. The city public administration divided them into several sections. A gardener and a forester were engaged in the care of the groves, they thinned out overgrown areas and formed clearings for walks through the groves. The gardens of the Clerk and Commercial Clubs were also created. On one of the outskirts, a city nursery of the Society of Physical, Agricultural Labor appeared.

The theatrical orchestra and the formation of symphonic performance in Kharkiv

The purpose of the publication is to define the specific characteristics of the functioning and role of the theater orchestra in the formation of symphonic performance in Kharkiv. The methodology. In the process of understanding the phenomenon of the Kharkiv Theater orchestra, a historical approach was applied, which allowed for the chronological reconstruction of the musical ensemble’s functioning. Additionally, a comparative analysis method was used to identify the unique features of the orchestra’s instrumental composition, repertoire development, and performance practices. The results. The specific functioning of theatrical instrumental ensembles in Kharkiv, which provided musical accompaniment for performances from the 1770s to the early 1870s, was examined. The study identifies factors that led to the establishment of a permanent “Orchestra of the Kharkiv Theater and Commercial Club”, which, besides performing in the theater, also served city artistic events from the mid 1840s to the 1870s. Key factors include the return of the Kharkiv Theater to private management in 1867, the activities of K. Vilboa from 1869 to 1873 aimed at creating a concert instrumental ensemble in the city, and the emergence of a new orchestra under the direction of G. Grazia in the Kharkiv Drama Theater in 1872. These developments facilitated the organization of symphonic concerts under the aegis of the Kharkiv branch of the Russian Musical Society from 1871. The scientific novelty lies in the determination that the primary source of symphonic performance in Kharkiv was the permanent orchestra of the Kharkiv Theater, active since the mid XIX century, whose instrumental and numerical composition met the demands of the provincial musical practices of that time. The conducting activities of K. Vilboa in Kharkiv during the late 1860s and the early 1870s were a driving force behind the formation of two orchestral ensembles in the city — the theater and club orchestras — whose instrumental and qualitative compositions aligned with the principles of symphonic performance. From 1871, in preparation for symphonic concerts by the Kharkiv branch of the Russian Musical Society, the theater and club orchestras were combined, each consisting of 20–30 musicians, ensuring that the symphonic orchestra met the required academic standards in terms of instrumental and numerical composition. Future research prospects are associated with identifying the specifics of symphonic performance in the cultural centers of Ukraine from the second half of the XIX century to the early XX century.

The hegemonic impact of the NHL and the ‘Americanization’ of Swedish ice hockey and resistance: Rögle BK as ‘hockey culture’

The article investigate the impact of National Hockey League (NHL) and its hegemonic cultural impact on the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). This is done in light of the concept of Americanization. Thus, the study traces two different stages in the Americanization process, in relation to the first commercial hockey club in Sweden: i.e. Rögle BK. In this respect, the immature experiences of the first trend of Americanization, with e.g. alien mercenaries, seems to have worked as a shield against a second stage of Americanization, more shaped by a ballyhooed management. In the wake of a certain resistance of the NHL-culture, Rögle BK seems to have developed a ‘glocal’ hockey culture, captured in the Rögle BK Oiler’ logo.

Bound to the Land: Cove Fort in Kesler Family History and Memory

Bound to the Land: Cove Fort in Kesler Family History and Memory

Practical research on orienteering physical education in universities in northeast China

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Orienteering, which is one of the popular physical educations in the world, is an emerging sport integrating knowledge, competition, fun, and collaborative attributes. Although it started late in China, it has developed rapidly in recent years in most places except the northeast and northwest parts of the country.METHODS: In order to accelerate the development of orienteering in the northeast, given the climate and social characteristics of this area, we built a four-in-one orienteering development model including a theory course, a social component, a team, and events based on the longtime practice of Harbin Engineering University.RESULTS: The research results have practical reference significance for orienteering at universities in China, as well as at universities and commercial clubs in other areas of the world.

Arkhangelsk Commercial Club (Marfa’s House) as a center of European culture of the port city of Arkhangelsk of the late XIX – early XX centuries

This article is dedicated to the Arkhangelsk Commercial Club (Marfa’s House) – a cultural center of the port city during the late XIX – early XX centuries. The author traces the fates of the representatives of Western European dynasties of merchants and tradesmen who dwelled in the port city for several centuries and were subjected to repressions during the World War I and Soviet time. Currently, one of the paramount tasks of scientific community consists in the preservation of memory on the activity of the prominent people of the past, as not only the region, but also the country as a whole owes them for development of economy, culture, science, systems of state administration, education, and a number of other spheres of life. The theoretical-methodological framework for the research became the set of methods of new anthropologically-oriented branches of historical science, generalized by the concept of “historical anthropology”, which allowed shifting the point of attention from history of government structures towards life of households and separate individuals. The experience of working with cognate disciplines – such as historical sociology and sociology of everyday life became useful, especially when working sources of personal origin. The article employs modern methodology and introduces into the scientific discourse documents discovered by the author in the State Archive of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Archive of the Arkhangelsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, as well as biographical records on the representatives of the prominent Arkhangelsk merchant dynasties – families Leuzinger and Petz from the personal archives of the descendants.

Evolutionary dynamics in club goods binary games

A dynamic adjustment mechanism, based on replicator dynamics in discrete time, is used to study the time evolution of a population of players facing a binary choice game with social influence, characterized by payoff curves that intersect at two interior points, also denoted as thresholds. So, besides the boundary equilibria where all players make the same choice, there are two further steady states where agents playing different strategies coexist and get identical payoffs. Such binary game can be interpreted as a club good game, in which players have to choose either joining or not the club in the presence of cost sharing, so that they can enjoy a good or a service provided that a “participation” threshold is reached. At the same time congestion occurs beyond a second higher threshold. These binary choice models, can be used (and indeed have been used in the literature) to represent several social and economic decisions, such as technology adoption, joining a commercial club, R&D investments, production delocalization, programs for environmental protection. Existence and stability of equilibrium points are studied, as well as the creation of more complex attractors (periodic or chaotic) related with overshooting effects. The study of some local and global dynamic properties of the evolutionary model proposed reveals that the presence of the “participation” threshold causes the creation of complex topological structures of the basins of coexisting attracting sets, so that a strong path dependence is observed. The dynamic effects of memory, both in the form of convex combination of a finite number of previous observation (moving average) and in the form of memory with increasing length and exponentially fading weights are investigated as well.

Estrategias de gestión de los clubes de golf de la Comunidad de Madrid en Twitter

Las redes sociales aportan una comunicación directa de las empresas y marcas y facilitan una mayor interactividad con sus públicos. Mediante un análisis de contenido de los perfiles de Twitter de los clubes de golf de la Comunidad de Madrid, se examina si su naturaleza —pública, privada o comercial— influye en cómo se gestionan estas redes. Entre las conclusiones, destacan diferencias en las estrategias comunicacionales según la naturaleza del club: en los privados y públicos predominan los mensajes informativos, mientras que en los emitidos por los comerciales prevalece una estrategia vinculada al marketing.

Jeannette Rankin, “Democracy and Government,” Carnegie Hall, New York, 2 March 1917

Jeannette Rankin, “Democracy and Government,” Carnegie Hall, New York, 2 March 1917

民間テニスクラブのレッスン生におけるテニス実施効果とその影響要因 : 神奈川県Aテニスクラブを事例として

民間テニスクラブのレッスン生におけるテニス実施効果とその影響要因 : 神奈川県Aテニスクラブを事例として

The Rise of the Chicago Police Department: Class and Conflict, 1850–1894 by Sam Mitrani

Reviewed by: The Rise of the Chicago Police Department: Class and Conflict, 1850–1894 by Sam Mitrani Anthony R. DeStefanis Sam Mitrani, The Rise of the Chicago Police Department: Class and Conflict, 1850–1894 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press 2013) This book is about the development of the Chicago police department and how and why the city’s business elite was able to mould the police into an institution that would protect its interests. Mitrani locates the development of police forces in the United States in the mid-to-late 19th century. His main question is: why did police forces spring into existence when they did? He argues that the Chicago police department emerged from the alliance between the city’s political leaders and its capitalist class as both tried to create and maintain their vision of order and to protect capital’s interests in a rapidly growing, multi-ethnic city. Mitrani also seeks to understand the development of the Chicago police, and by implication, all big-city police departments, as a crucial step in the development of the American state. He demonstrates that by the end of the 19th century, the Chicago police “had developed professional leadership that removed crucial aspects of police policy from politics and portrayed their activities as a politically neutral municipal service.” (3) The Chicago police would act to protect capital’s interests, but the “deeper question of whether or not municipalities should maintain massive organizations of armed men to enforce order on the population was effectively removed from the political debate.” (4) Mitrani succeeds admirably in accomplishing his goals in a book that is clearly written and persuasively argued. Mitrani sees the work that Chicago’s elites did to organize themselves to meet the challenge that a multi-ethnic and increasingly united working class posed as crucial for understanding the development of the city’s police department. [End Page 348] Chicago grew rapidly from a small outpost in the 1830s to the second largest city in the United States by the 1890s. This swift development meant that the city did not have the entrenched elite that characterized Boston, New York, and Philadelphia when the Second Industrial Revolution got underway in earnest in the years after the American Civil War. While Mitrani charts the development of the Chicago police, he also shows how the city’s capitalists organized themselves as a class and exerted more and more influence over the city’s governance. In Chapters 4 and 5, for instance, he explores the new organizations the city’s capitalist class founded during the 1870s – the Committee of Seventy, the Citizens’ Association, and then the Chicago Commercial Club – to exert influence on who had authority over the police, what and who the Chicago police would police, and how the city’s government operated more broadly. Mitrani also focuses on how Chicago’s working class perceived the police. He shows how the police helped break the 1877 railroad strike in Chicago, but also contends that by the late 1870s, the police “had yet to prove that they could attain the legitimacy and respect from the city’s workers that they needed to enforce everyday order. ” (133) Mitrani argues that Mayor Carter Harrison instituted reforms in the 1880s that were aimed at helping the policy achieve legitimacy. Mitrani characterizes Harrison as a machine politician who implemented civil service reforms aimed at professionalizing the police department as well as establishing a political alliance with the city’s working class. He directed the department to become more ethnically diverse in hiring and moved the police away from keeping order through the use of force and toward doing more social service work in the city’s neighbourhoods. Such work, however, created a different kind of coercion as the police became increasingly involved in enforcing anti-abortion laws and more generally enforcing middle-class and native-born ideas about sex, sexuality, and the consumption of alcohol. On the other hand, Harrison stopped using the police to break strikes. With this new policy in place during the first half of the 1880s, the city’s workers won several strikes, but Harrison then revoked this policy in 1885 as the city’s elite...

民間テニスクラブにおけるアウトドアスクール・インドアスクールの特性およびレッスン生のアウトドア・インドア選択理由 : 双方が併設されたクラブに着目して

民間テニスクラブにおけるアウトドアスクール・インドアスクールの特性およびレッスン生のアウトドア・インドア選択理由 : 双方が併設されたクラブに着目して

Cannabis social clubs in Belgium: Organizational strengths and weaknesses, and threats to the model

BackgroundCannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) are private organizations or clubs of users that produce cannabis for non-profit distribution to adult members to meet their personal needs without having to turn to the black market. CSCs can be found in many countries, but the term often covers very different empirical realities. Inspired by the Spanish CSCs and similarly taking advantage of a grey area in the Belgian cannabis legislation, Belgian cannabis activists set up the first Belgian CSC in 2006, and there are now at least 5 Belgian CSCs. The paper's main objective is to analyse the (internal) strengths and weaknesses and the (external) opportunities and threats of the model, as it exists today. MethodsThe paper draws on a review of international literature and qualitative data on the Belgian cannabis social clubs. Field visits and interviews were conducted with each club. We analysed membership application forms, cultivation protocols and contracts with growers, cannabis ownership certificates of members, information leaflets, the clubs’ websites, and all media articles and documentaries on the clubs in the Belgian media. ResultsThe paper describes the membership criteria and house rules, the members’ profile, the organization and protocols for cannabis production, the distribution of cannabis through ‘exchange fairs’, the administrative features of the clubs and their contacts with other CSCs and with local authorities, the drug sector and the media. Belgian CSCs seem not profit-driven, and operate as a system in which cannabis is not too easily available. The clubs have fairly direct control over the quality and the potency of the cannabis they distribute. The model offers important potential opportunities, in terms of economic advantages and monitoring consumption patterns. The main threats to Belgian CSCs consist of attempts to criminalize the model, the emergence of profit-driven clubs and systemic violence from criminal entrepreneurs. Weaknesses of the model relate to the unstable or transient nature of the clubs, the transparency of their operational procedures, the superficiality of their quality control strategies, and the risk of morphing into marketing enterprises. ConclusionsThe CSC model could be a safe and feasible option for policymakers to move a meaningful distance along the spectrum towards legally regulated cannabis markets without crossing over to full commercial availability. Governmental regulation could convert weaknesses and threats to the model into strengths and opportunities to ensure best practice. If authorities refrain from action, the model might dilute and evolve in a similar way as the Spanish CSCs did recently, with the establishment of large, commercial clubs.

Fitness in the Sport Structure of Latvia

Abstract Origination of physical activities in Latvia territory, the necessity for sports sector to be developed, as well as the change of people’s understanding about physical loads and the essence of active lifestyle caused by rapid growth of the fitness sector where the main principle is load applied to strengthen and improve one’s health condition. One of the most important problems is a uniform understanding of the term “fitness”, and its place in the sports sector in Latvia. Therefore the aim of the article is to evaluate fitness as structure element inclusion possibilities in the Sports Structure in Latvia. The research is based on the investigation and analysis of the literature sources and sports policy planning documents, such as “Basic Positions of Sport Policy in Latvia”, project 2013-2020, “National Sport Development Program 2006–2013” of Latvia, “National Development Plan of Latvia 2012–2020”. The place of fitness in the sports system in Latvia, the necessity and possibility to include fitness in the “National Sport Development Program” and in the “Basic Positions of Sport Policy” in perspective were studied. Commercial fitness clubs and the Latvian Fitness and Health Promotion Association (LFVVNA) are not included in the sports structure of Latvia; however, fitness is socially-cultural phenomenon which is necessary to be included in the development program of sport sector.

Research on the Development Strategies of the Urban Fitness Coaches in Qingdao

Basing on surveys on the current status of partially fitness club coaches, this paper makes a study of the operational state of them by means of documents, interviews, questionnaires, concept investigation and mathematical statistics. What’s more, this paper applies sports marketing and other aspects of the sports industry knowledge with experts predicts to build a theoretical framework of our commercial fitness club management, aiming at providing theoretical support for the management of fitness club coaches to the unstained, stable and healthy development in Qingdao.

Failure Analysis and Mechanical Performance Evaluation of a Cast Aluminum Hybrid-Iron Golf Club Hosel

This article details the failure analysis of a commercial golf club hybrid-iron that fractured through the hosel during normal use. The golf club hosel was manufactured from a cast aluminum alloy, and the optical analysis revealed casting pores up to 20% through the hosel thickness. Mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy were determined for material characterization and used to construct a finite element model to analyze the performance of the material under failure conditions. In addition, a full structural scale experiment was conducted to determine the failure strength.

The Rebirth of the Chicago Teachers Union and Possibilities for a Counter-Hegemonic Education Movement

For nine days in September, Chicago belonged to the teachers, school paraprofessionals, and clinicians. On September 10, 2012, 26,000 members of the Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) went on strike. It was the first teachers' strike in Chicago in twenty-five years. While public and private sector unions have taken concessions and capitulated to cuts in wages, benefits, seniority rights, job protections, and much of what was won by the labor movement in the twentieth century, the CTU stood up to Mayor Rahm Emanuel, the Commercial Club of Chicago, and the billionaire hedge-fund managers who have set out to break teachers' unions and dismantle public education.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Hazardous alcohol levels in adolescents are underestimated by barkeepers and security personnel

Drunkenness among adolescents represents a significant problem and is associated with adverse consequences. A Licensing Act, which prohibits the dispensing of alcoholic beverages to visibly intoxicated individuals, was introduced in Germany to curb excessive drinking. The objective of the study was to explore whether it is possible for barkeepers and security personnel to correctly estimate the alcohol level (AL) of adolescents merely based on their outer appearance and self-report. In a commercial dance club, 89 adolescents reported their past and current alcohol consumption and estimated their own AL. Their breath alcohol level was measured with a breathalyzer. The sample was divided into "moderate drinkers" and "binge drinkers." Barkeepers and security personnel spoke to and examined the adolescents in order to estimate the adolescents' AL. Professional staff underestimated the ALs of adolescents in 60.7 % of all cases. Estimates of the personnel showed greater deviations from the measured AL of the adolescents as compared to estimates of the adolescents themselves, especially in the group of binge drinkers (t = 2.764; p = 0.009). It seems that adolescents suffer less from observable effects of alcohol, such as sedation or impairment of motor function. Consequently, we do not recommend the application of the Licensing Act to adolescents, but suggest its replacement by other restrictions and prevention measures.

A comprehensive assessment of commercial health & fitness clubs’ service quality

To objectively and accurately evaluate the service quality of a commercial health & fitness club, the service level features are analyzed, based on Kim & Kim’s QUESC model and Yong & Donna’s SSQRS model. Environmental quality, staff service quality, course quality and outcome quality are the four important indices for evaluating service quality, In the system, the weight vectors are determined using an improved analytic hierarchy process method, and a fuzzy model is developed for evaluating service quality. An example is given and the results show this model is able to reflect service level effectively and reduce the influence of human factors.

Urban modernity: cultural innovation in the Second Industrial Revolution

How Paris, London, Chicago, Berlin, and Tokyo created modernity through science and technology by means of urban planning, international expositions, and museums. At the close of the nineteenth century, industrialization and urbanization marked the end of the traditional understanding of society as rooted in agriculture. Urban Modernity examines the construction of an urban-centered, industrial-based culture-an entirely new social reality based on science and technology. The authors show that this invention of modernity was brought about through the efforts of urban elites-businessmen, industrialists, and officials-to establish new science- and technology-related institutions. International expositions, museums, and other such institutions and projects helped stem the economic and social instability fueled by industrialization, projecting the past and the future as part of a steady continuum of scientific and technical progress. The authors examine the dynamic connecting urban planning, museums, educational institutions, and expositions in Paris, London, Chicago, Berlin, and Tokyo from 1870 to 1930. In Third Republic Paris, politicians, administrators, social scientists, architects, and engineers implemented the future city through a series of commissions, agencies, and organizations; in rapidly expanding London, cultures of science and technology were both rooted in and constitutive of urban culture; in Chicago after the Great Fire, Commercial Club members pursued civic ideals through scientific and technological change; in Berlin, industry, scientific institutes, and the popularization of science helped create a modern metropolis; and in Meiji-era Tokyo (Edo), modernization and Westernization went hand in hand.