Commercial Carcass Research Articles

Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken with the Addition of Guanidino Acetic Acid and Betaine as Feed Additive

Guanidino acetic acid is a precursor of creatine which is synthesized from the amino acids glycine and arginine by transferring the amidino group from arginine to glycine, catalyzed by the enzyme L-arginine: glycine amidine transferase (AGAT) which takes place in the kidneys and pancreas, while betaine is known as a group donor methyl which functions in many metabolic processes such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, carnitine and creatine. This research aims to determine the effect of adding Guanidino Acetic Acid (GAA) and betaine as feed additives in improving the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. This research used 100 broiler chickens (DOC) with 6 chickens per unit which were reared for 35 days. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment consisted of P0 (Commercial feed,) P1 (Commercial feed + 0.06% GAA and no Betaine), P2 (Commercial feed + 0.06% GAA + 0.01% Betaine), P3 (Commercial feed + 0.12 % GAA and no Betaine), P4 (Commercial ration + 0.12% GAA + 0.01% Betaine). The parameters observed were performance, commercial carcass and muscle histomorphology. The results of the study showed that the addition of GAA and betaine had a real effect (P<0.05) and improved the performance of commercial carcasses and showed a better response to muscle histomorphology. The conclusion was that the addition of GAA 0.12% and betaine 0.01% through feed could improve the performance, commercial carcasses and muscle histomorphology of broiler chickens.

Bone Distribution in Commercial Cuts of Local Sheep Carcasses Given Indigofera Flour with Different Rearing System

This study aims to evaluate bone distribution in commercial cuts of local sheep carcasses fed indigofera flour, taking into account differences in rearing systems. This study used 20 local female sheep aged 1 year with an average initial weight of around 18.3 ± 2.01 kilograms. These sheep were reared for 4 months with two types of rearing systems, namely intensive and semi-intensive. Indigofera flour and commercial concentrate were given at 07.00 in the morning, and at 11.00 grass were given in a ratio of 40:60%. This research used four different treatments, namely five sheeps that were reared semi-intensively by feeding commercial concentrates (P1SI), five sheeps were reared semi-intensively by feeding indigofera flour (P2I), five sheeps were reared intensively by feeding commercial concentrate and grass (P1SI), and five sheeps housed with indigofera flour and grass (P2I). This study used a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial pattern and 5 replications, and initial weight as a correction factor. The results of the study showed that sheep fed indigofera flour had a lower bone weight in commercial carcass cuts than sheep fed commercial concentrate. However, with a semi-intensive rearing system, sheep bone weight does not appear to be different.

Influence of polymorphisms in candidate genes on carcass and meat quality traits in rabbits.

Candidate gene is a powerful approach to study gene-trait association and offers valuable information for genetic improvement using marker-assisted selection. The current work aimed to study the polymorphisms of four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) at located growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) genes, and their association with the carcass, and meat quality traits in rabbits. The SNPs were genotyped using RFLP-PCR in New Zealand White and local Baladi rabbits. The results revealed that the heterozygous genotype was the most frequent in all cases, except for the FTO SNP in LB rabbits. There was a significant effect for GH genotypes on meat lightness after slaughter and hind-part weight. While, IGF-II mutation significantly affected slaughter, hot carcass, commercial carcass, and hind-part weights. The FTO SNP was associated with cooking loss and intramuscular fat weight, and the IRS-1 SNP was significantly associated with drip loss and intramuscular fat. Specific-breed effects were obtained for IGF-II SNP on cooking loss, and for the intramuscular fat. Although the results suggested that these mutations are useful candidate genes for selection, more research for detecting more variants associated with carcass and meat quality traits in rabbits are recommended.

Sugarcane silage added with detoxified castor bean meal in the diet of confined lambs

This study evaluated the effects of increasing levels of detoxified castor bean meal (DCM) in sugarcane silage on intake, digestibility, blood parameters, ingestive behaviour, performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of confined lambs. Forty male Santa Inês lambs, non-castrated, with an initial weight of 17.4 ± 2.2 kg and an age of 150 days, were used. Treatments consisted of 0 (Control), 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % DCM in natural silage matter. The sheep were confined in individual stalls for 70 days and received the diets in the form of a complete mixture with a forage: concentrate ratio of 60:40. Including DCM in sugarcane silage increased (P < 0.05) the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and non-fibrous carbohydrates, increased (P < 0.05) DM ingestion and rumination efficiency, decreased (P < 0.05) the serum levels of urea, increased (P < 0.05) the serum levels of glucose of lambs and increased (P < 0.05) empty body weight, mean daily gain, cold carcass weight, the weight of the commercial carcass cuts and the weights of the leg muscle, fat and bone. The moisture content and luminosity (L*) of the meat decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the red content (a*) and shear force of the meat responded quadratically (P < 0.05) to the inclusion of DCM in the sugarcane silage. It is recommended to include up to 20 % detoxified castor bean meal in sugarcane silage to improve lamb performance and carcass characteristics.

Carcass traits, commercial cuts, and edible non-carcass components of lambs fed a blend of residue from the candy industry and corn gluten feed by replacing ground corn

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of a blend of the residue from the candy industry (RCI) and corn gluten feed (CGF) (RCI:CGF blend; ratio 613:387 g/kg dry matter [DM]) as a substitute for ground corn in the diet of lambs on carcass traits, carcass gains, commercial cuts, and edible non-carcass components. Forty non-castrated male Santa Inês lambs were used: baseline group (n = 4), and experimental group (n = 36). The experimental group was used in a completely randomized design with four levels of inclusion of the RCI:CGF blend: 0, 116, 233, and 353 (g/kg DM) as a substitute of ground corn grain. The RCI:CGF blend was formulated to have CP, and non-fibrous carbohydrates similar to corn grain. Animals in the baseline group were slaughtered at the beginning of the experimental period to estimate the initial carcass weight (iCW), predict the carcass gain and carcass gain yield, and biological efficiency. The experimental group was slaughtered at the end of the trial (77 days). Visceral (heart, liver, and rumen) weights (absolute and relative) increased (P < 0.05). However, carcass yields (hot and cold), carcass gain yield, and perirenal fat decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of the blend. Slaughter and empty body weight, carcass (hot and cold) weight, fat deposition (mesenteric, omental, inguinal, and pelvic), pH and temperature final, commercial carcass cuts weight and yields, morphometric measurements, or subjective evaluations of the carcass (conformation and finishing), leg tissue composition carcass gains, visceral mass (exception heart, liver, and rumen) weight and yields of edible non-carcass components, enteric CH4 estimation were not affected by treatment. It was concluded that the blend of the residue from the candy industry and corn gluten feed in the ratio of 613:387 g/kg DM can replace ground corn up to 35% DM in the diet of the lambs, without affecting carcass weights or other attributes that confers carcass or meat quality, and enteric methane production. The main effect of the blend was the increase of visceral mass of the heart, liver, and rumen. Additionally, it adds value to non-carcass edible products, increasing the sustainability of the system.

To Determine the Effect of Using a Complete Feed Containing Protected Soybean Groats in the Production of Javanese Thin-Tailed Male Sheep Carcasses

The present study aims to determine the impact of complete feed containing protected soybean meal on the production of male thin-tailed lamb carcasses. A total of 15 (23.43 ± 1.40 kg) 12 months old male Thin-Tailed Sheep (TTL) were given 3 treatments and 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. The ration consisted of complete feed and formaldehyde-protected soybean groat (PSG). The treatments includes 100% complete feed (F1), 90% complete feed + PSG 10% (F2), and 80% complete feed + PSG 20% (F3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and differences between treatments were further tested using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that the use of PSG containing complete feed did not improve the characteristics of carcasses (weight and percentage of carcass components, half-cuts and commercial cuts of carcass, fleshing index and meat bone ratio) of male TTLs (P&gt;0.05). However, differences were found in the rib eye muscle area. The use of complete feed containing 20% PSM (F3) resulted the highest rib eye muscle area figure compared to those of F2 and F1 (35.17 vs 27.00 and 26.33; P&lt;0.05). Our study revealed that the use of complete feed containing 20% protected soybean groat resulted in higher rib eye muscle area by 25.14% compared to those containing no protected soybean groat. However, no differences in carcass characteristics were found in view of weight and percentage of carcass components, half cut and commercial carcass, fleshing index and meat bone ration in thin-tailed sheep.

An Exploratory Study into the Influence of Sex on Body Measurements, Carcass Weights and Meat Yields of Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis).

Various body measurements and commercial carcass yields of relatively young (2½–6 yrs old) giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) were investigated to quantify the effect of sex there upon. Eight male and eight female giraffe were culled by standard practice in Namibia, where body and horn measurements were taken, before the carcasses were dressed. There were no significant differences between the mean dead weights of the two sexes (bulls = 691.1 kg; cows = 636.5 kg; p = 0.096), the only body measurements found to differ significantly were those of the forelegs, with the shoulder to hoof (p = 0.046) and the knee to hoof (p = 0.025) both being significantly longer in the bulls. The horn measurements were all found to be significantly larger in the bulls than the cows even at this young age. The neck weight as a percentage of the carcass weight was found to be significantly heavier for the bulls compared to the cows, however, the back percentage values were significantly heavier in the cows than the bulls. There was a strong positive correlation between the body weight and most of the body lengths, as well as between most of the individual body measurements. The giraffe used had an average age of 3.7 years old, and had therefore not yet reached their growth plateau, which may be why sex had no influence on most of the body measurements recorded.

KARAKTERISTIK SUSUT MASAK DAN HEDONIK SOSIS DAGING DADA DAN PAHA KALKUN (Meleagris gallopavo)

This study aims to determine the differences in the quality of cooking and hedonic losses based on commercial cuts of the carcass. The benefit of this research is to increase the diversification of food products based on turkey livestock and to obtain information regarding the different treatment of commercial carcass cuts on the quality of processed turkey meat. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 2 treatments of commercial pieces of carcass and thighs with 4 repetitions. The treatments given were (T1) breast meat and (T2) thigh meat. The parameters tested were cooking and hedonic losses which consisted of taste, aroma, color, texture, and overall. The results showed that the commercial cut of the carcass affected showing differences in the quality of cooking loss and hedonic quality of turkey sausage. Panelists liked the commercial cut sausages of breast carcass and gave the result that breast treatment could reduce cooking losses and thus increase the economic value of the product.

Selection for increased visual muscling increases carcass leanness without compromising predicted Meat Standards Australia eating-quality index

Context Selection using visual muscle score (MS) has been proposed to increase carcass leanness (i.e. meat yield), without compromising eating quality. Aims The aim of the present study was to examine the impact that selection for divergent MS has on live animal, commercial carcass and carcass tissue weights by using computed tomography (CT) including Meat Standards Australia (MSA) index-predicted eating quality. Methods Data from 67 steers originating from three muscling lines, namely, low, high and heterozygous high (HighHet – heterozygous for the 821 del11 myostatin mutation), were used. Visual MS was assessed on all steers. All steers were slaughtered and the left-hand side of each carcass was processed with fat trimming limited to only that required for hygiene purposes and kidney fat was not removed. All carcasses were MSA graded and then boned-out into untrimmed boneless primals (e.g. rump, cube roll). A CT scan of each beef primal was processed with image analysis software to estimate lean and fat tissue weights. The following traits were analysed: MS, weaning and slaughter weights; commercial carcass traits, including cold carcass weight, rump fat, MSA rib fat, MSA eye-muscle area, MSA marble score and MSA index; and CT-scanned compositional carcass traits, including lean, fat and bone tissues (%) and lean:bone ratio. All data were analysed with a linear mixed-effects model using REML. Least-squares means for the three muscling lines are reported. Linear trends between MS and seven carcass traits, with and without the myostatin mutation, are presented graphically. Key results Muscling line effects (P &amp;lt; 0.05) were found for visual MS and carcass traits. Linear trends between MS and carcass traits with and without the myostatin mutation demonstrate that increases in MS (P = 0.24) did not compromise predictions of MSA index even though MSA marble score decreased (P = 0.026), but myostatin decreased MSA marble score and tended to decrease MSA index (P = 0.097). Increases in the MSA eye-muscle area were associated with increases in MS (P &amp;lt; 0.01), with little effect of myostatin. Increases in MS and the myostatin mutation were both associated with increases (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in lean tissue (%) and the lean:bone ratio, and decreases (P = 0.02) in fat tissue (%). Conclusions The results indicate selection for high MS can be used to increase carcass yield, without negatively affecting MSA index predictions of eating quality. Implications Producers can use MS to identify animals with higher yields to increase carcass leanness and decrease carcass waste fat, without compromising MSA index predictions of eating quality, but should do so while considering all traits that affect profitability, in particular marble score and its association with eating quality.

PSXII-2 Potential interactions between prior endophyte exposure and phytogenic supplementation for finishing steers with varying chute exit velocities

Abstract All-natural phytogenic supplementation has gained momentum in the feeding industry. Because mechanisms likely differ, these supplements could add benefit when combined with antibiotics in finishing cattle diets. Our objective was to determine influence of Actifor®Energy (ActEN) when fed with monensin and tylosin on performance and carcass measurements of finishing cattle with varying chute exit velocities (EV) and differing prior endophyte exposure (E). Crossbred steers (n = 118; 345 ± 33 kg BW) were utilized in a split plot design (whole plot: prior grazing toxic [EI] or nontoxic [EN] fescue × 6g·hd-1·d-1 dietary ActEN or control). Prior EV (PEV, subplot factor) from receiving, backgrounding, and grazing periods was included as a covariate. Weights and EV were recorded on d0, d28, d56, d112, and at slaughter when cattle were shipped to a commercial abattoir, harvested, and carcass measurements recorded. Starting weights were 22 kg lower (P = 0.10) for cattle previously grazing EI and 10 kg lower (P &amp;lt; 0.01) per 1m·s-1 increase in PEV. Intake (%BW) was unaffected (P &amp;gt; 0.10) by E or ActEN. Gain:feed (E×ActEN P = 0.09) was greater for EN/ActEN compared with EI/ActEN, most influenced by the first 28d. ADG was depressed by EI and increasing PEV (E×PEV P = 0.09) with greater PEV impact for EN compared with EI. Endophyte effects on ADG were most prominent in the first 56d. ActEN tended (P = 0.12) to interact with E status for ADG where gains were numerically greater for ActEN with EN compared with EI, especially during the first 28d. Carcass measurements were largely unaffected (P &amp;gt; 0.10) by E or ActEN. Decreased PEV (P ≤ 0.02) was associated with heavier HCW, increased backfat, and higher YG. Prior exit velocity and grazing regimen were the primary factors influencing performance and carcass traits. Indications of smaller effects of phytogenic supplementation on top of antibiotics, especially during the first 28 d of feeding, warrant further investigation.

PSXII-10 The effects of different mineral supplementation strategies on feedlot performance of mineral deficient cattle

Abstract Mineral deficient cattle that enter a feedlot have been documented to have increased morbidity and mortality rates and decreased feedlot performance. The objective of this research was to explore current practices used by feedlot producers when receiving mineral deficient cattle. To accomplish this, forty steers were blocked by weight and mineral status, then assigned to one of four treatment groups: control (Con; n = 10), industry mineral requirements (IND; n = 10) top dressed on TMR fed, 2X industry mineral requirements (2XIND; n = 10) top dressed on TMR fed, and MultiMin® injection at labeled dose (MM; n = 10). All steers received the same ration in pens equipped with GrowSafe® bunks. Standing liver biopsies were collected on day 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 and analyzed for mineral content. Steers were weighed on day 0, 14, 28, 41, 56, 70, 84, and 110. Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (FE) were recorded. After the trial, steers were harvested at a commercial facility and carcass data was obtained from the plant. There were no differences (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in weight gain or overall ADG between treatment groups. When analyzed over time, treatment had an effect (P &amp;lt; 0.001) on liver copper and selenium concentrations, but no effects (P &amp;gt; 0.05) were observed on liver manganese and zinc concentrations. Additionally, when DMI was analyzed over time, effects (P &amp;lt; 0.05) of time, treatment, and treatment*time were observed, and effects (P &amp;lt; 0.05) of time and treatment*time were observed on FE. Treatment had no effect (P &amp;gt; 0.05) on carcass data. These data indicate that different mineral supplementation strategies have diverse effects on feedlot performance and liver mineral concentrations over time.

Effect of Supplementation of Indigofera zollingeriana Top Leaf Meal in the Diets to the Slaughter Weight and Carcass of Pegagan Ducks

This study was aimed at determining effect of supplementation of Indigofera zollingeriana top leaf meal in the diets to the slaughter weight, carcass percentage, and commercial carcass slice percentage of Pegagan ducks. The method used was Completely Randomized Design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of R0, R1, R2, R3, and R4, that are rations with supplementation of Indigofera zollingeriana top leaf meal of 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. Parameters observed were: slaughter weight, carcass percentage, and commercial carcass slice percentage. The findings indicated that the supplementation of Indigofera zollingeriana top leaf meal in the diets had not significantly (P>0.05) to slaughter weight, carcass percentage, and commercial carcass slices of Pegagan ducks. The conclusion showed that the supplementation of Indigofera zollingeriana top leaf meal up to 4% can be used in the diets, cause does not negative affect to slaughter weight, carcass percentage, and commercial carcass slices percentage of Pegagan ducks.

The effect of probiotic originated from Kumpai Grass Silage to Final Weight, Carcass Percentage and Commercial Carcass Cut of Pegagan duck

Optimal performance production of duck may increase by the probiotic treatment. The research was held to study the effect of probiotic originated from Kumpai grass silage to Final weight, carcass percentage and commercial carcass cut of Pegagan duck. Probiotic solution contained lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were voluntarily taken by Pegagan ducks every morning with various LAB concentration Completely randomized design experiments with 5 treatments; P0 (control), P1 (106 cfu LAB), P2 (107 cfu LAB), P3 (108 cfu LAB) and P4 (109 cfu LAB), each treatment was replicated 4 times respectively. The result showed that all treatments were significantly affect the final weight, carcass percentage and commercial cut especially breast cut. Probiotic solution treatments may enhance the performance of Pegagan Duck.

Chlorella vulgaris supplementation effects on performances, oxidative stress and antioxidant genes expression in liver and ovaries of New Zealand White rabbits

Oxidative stress is an exclusive biochemical complication affecting reproduction; hence, dietary antioxidant supplementation for its attenuation is a required nutrition – reproduction improvement strategy. On this background, Chlorella vulgaris (a natural antioxidant) was supplemented to grower female rabbits to maturity. The rabbits were thirty-five in number randomly distributed into five experimental groups in a completely randomized design. Control group was fed only basal feed while treatment groups were fed diets containing 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 % Chlorella vulgaris biomass as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively at 500 mg per animal body weight (kg) along with the basal feed daily. Performance records were obtained, blood was collected, and at the end uterus, ovaries and liver were removed from sacrificed animals for analysis. Serum, uterus and liver oxidative stress status were determined while RNA isolated from liver and ovaries samples were used for antioxidant genes expression analysis. Oxidative stress status and antioxidant enzymes activities were determined using chemical assays while antioxidant gene expression levels were determined using real-time quantitative PCR system. There was significant difference in feed intake (p < 0.014), final body weights (p < 0.008), empty carcass weights (p < 0.001) and commercial carcass weights (p < 0.001) of the rabbits as results of the microalgae supplementation. There was also significant difference in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (p < 0.050), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < 0.050) and protein carbonyl (PCO) concentrations (p < 0.050) due to the supplementation of the microalgae; in addition, supplementation of the microalgae significantly improved activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.050), catalase (CAT) (p < 0.050) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration (p < 0.050). Furthermore, there was significant difference in relative expression of primary antioxidant genes sod1 (p < 0.050) and gpx1 (p < 0.050); however, there was no significant difference in relative expression of bre (p > 0.050) and ucp1 (p > 0.050). The study concluded from the outcomes stated above that supplementation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris improved performances of rabbits through attenuation of oxidative stress, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activities as well as up-regulation of primary antioxidant genes. Hence, it was recommended as dietary supplement for protection against oxidative stress and improved productivity in rabbits and other food producing mammalian species. In addition, further studies into assessment of its effects on expression of transcripts and immune modulation genes in rabbits and other animals is warranted as future studies in order to established its potential as beneficial nutraceutical for animals and human.

Replacing oat hay with coffee husk in the feed of finishing lambs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of replacing oat hay with coffee husk for the feeding of confined lambs. In this study, 24 male Texel lambs of approximately 60 days of age and with a mean ± standard error weight of 21.95 ± 5.81 kg were examined. Their diet was composed of 30% oat hay and 70% concentrated feed per kilogram of dry matter. The experimental design was randomized and included four treatments (0, 7.5, 15, and 22.5% of coffee husk in the total dry matter), with six replicates of each treatment. The animals were slaughtered when they reached a mean live weight of 32 kg. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake and mean daily weight gain (which were 197 g day-1) among treatments. The mean daily weight gain (DWG) was not significantly affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the replacement of oat hay with coffee husk in the diet, with the overall mean DWG being 215.05 g day-1. There were no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments in any of the studied carcass variables, and the mean true carcass yield was 53.9%. The lambs presented a mean finishing score of 2.96 (on a scale of 1 to 5) and a conformation of 4.21 (on a scale of 1 to 6), characterizing them as good carcasses. In terms of economic viability, the 7.5% diet stood out as the one that had the highest profitability, generating a profit of $ 3.25 USD per kg of carcass produced. Coffee husk can therefore replace oat hay in the feed of finishing lambs in concentrations of 0.075 to 0.225 kg kg-¹ of total dry matter with biological and economical efficacy and generating good commercial carcasses.

POTONGAN KOMERSIAL KARKAS AYAM BROILER STRAIN COBB YANG MENGALAMI PEMBATASAN PAKAN DAN PEMBERIAN SUMBER SERAT KASAR BERBEDA PADA PERIODE GROWER

Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed restriction and source of different crude fiber on carcass weight and commercial pieces of broiler with Cobb strain. Study was using 24 broilers with Cobb Strain. Restriction of 20 percent feed and different sources of crude fiber were applied to broilers at age of 21to 28 days old. Ration was fed ad libitum to broilers until birds reached age of42 days old. . This research was using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in Factorial pattern of 2x4 with 3 replications. As a factor A was restricted feeding consisted of without restrictions (A0), and 20 percents restricted ration (A1). A factor B was source of crude fiber consisted of commercial feed (B0), commercial feed with coffee hull meal (B1), commercial feed with rice bran (B2), and commercial feed with coconut pulp (B3). There were treatment combinations including A0B0, A0B1, A0B2, A0B3, A1B0, A1B1, A1B2 and A1B3. The variables measured were percentages of commercial pieces consist of breast, thigh, wing and brisket. The data analyzed used variance analysis. The honestly significance difference test was used to determine which one of treatment was significantly different from each other. The results showed that the combination treatment of feed restriction and source of crude fiber in feed gave a very significant different effect (P &lt;0.05) on carcass weight of broiler with Cobb strain. Sources of fiber crude affected significantly (P&lt;0.05) percentages of thigh, breast, brisket and live weight. Treatment of feed restriction affected significantly (P&lt;0.05) percentage of wing. Restriction of 20 percents with coconut pulp as source of crude fiber produced better commercial carcass of broilers withCobb strain. Keywords: Feed restriction, crude fiber source, broiler commercial pieces, Cobb strain

Comparative Growth Performance in Post-Weaned Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus L) Fed with Panicum Maximum or Pennisetum Purpureum

<p class=MsoListParagraph style=margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents:yes> 1. Abstract <p class=MsoNormalCxSpMiddle style=margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;mso-mirror-indents: yes> To compare the growth performance of guinea pigs fed with Panicum maximum or Pennisetum purpureum, 24 guinea pigs, divided into 2 lots of 12 animals (7 males and 5 females) each were used. The animals in each lot received ad libitum grass associated with 20g / animal / day of a compound feed containing 15.76% of crude protein. The results show that at 8 weeks of age, average animal weights were comparable (326.64, 326.34g respectively for P. maximum and P. purpureum ) for both grasses. Total gains and average daily gains were significantly higher (117.501 and 145.20, 3.36 and 4.15g respectively for the total gains totals and average daily gains of P. maximum and P. purpureum ) with P. purpureum in males and regardless to the sex during post-weaning growth. The average weights of the classical carcass (178.33, 178.80g respectively for P. maximum and P. purpureum ), of the commercial carcass (116.33, 106.40g for P. maximum and P. purpureum respectively) were comparable. Commercial carcass yield has been statistically higher (40.62, 35.10% for P. maximum and P. purpureum respectively) with P. maximum . P. purpureum seems better suited during the post-weaning growth in guinea pigs. <p class=MsoListParagraph style=margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align: justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents:yes> 2. Keywords: Cavia Porcellus; Growth Performance; Panicum Maximum; Pennisetum Purpureum

Effects of dietary inclusion of macaúba seed cake meal on performance, caecotrophy traits and in vitro evaluations for growing rabbits

ABSTRACTThe objective was to evaluate the inclusion of macaúba seed cake (MSC) meal in diets for growing rabbits by assessing their growth and slaughtering performance, haematological traits, nutritional contribution of caecotrophs, in vitro digestibility, degradability and fermentation parameters. A total of 88 rabbits were distributed to four groups with 22 animals each and fed diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg of MSC, respectively. The in vitro assays were conducted employing cecum inoculum on the same dietary treatments. The inclusion of MSC yielded a quadratic effect on in vitro dry matter digestibility (p < 0.001). The maximum amount of produced gas was raised linearly with the inclusion of MSC (p = 0.016). MSC linearly reduced several variables as the nutritional contribution of caecotrophs in dry matter (p = 0.017) and crude protein (p = 0.014), live weight at 51 d (p = 0.024), body weight gain (p = 0.039), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.001) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.007) in the first period evaluated (30–50 d); furthermore the ADFI and FCR the second (51–72 d) and whole period (30–72 d) (p < 0.001). MSC addition caused a quadratic effect on white blood cells count (p = 0.026) and a linear decrease of eosinophils (p = 0.045). In conclusion, the inclusion of up to 150 g/kg of MSC improves the in vitro digestibility and fermentation potential of the diets, reflecting on the ADFI and FCR of the animals, although adverse effects are observed on the weight of the commercial carcass and nutritive contribution of the caecotrophs.

Guaranteeing Canadian lamb meat quality using near-infrared spectroscopy on intact rack

Lamb racks from commercial carcasses were scanned using near-infrared spectroscopy. The prediction accuracies (R2) for meat quality traits were assessed. Prediction accuracy ranged between 0.40 and 0.94. When predicted values were used to classify meat based on quality, 88.7%–95.2% of samples were correctly classified as quality guaranteed.

Caracterización comercial y nutricional de la grasa subcutánea de terneros y vacas de desvieje sacrificados en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

Este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo con el objetivo de comparar la calidad comercial de la canal y la composición de ácidos grasos de la grasa subcutánea de vacas de desvieje de raza Frisona de más de 30 meses de edad, y de terneros de 12 meses de edad de las razas Pirenaica y Salers sacrificados en un matadero comercial de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. Las vacas de raza Frisona presentaron canales de menor peso (p&lt;0,05), aunque similar al grupo de los terneros de raza Pirenaica y menor conformación (p&lt;0,001) y estado de engrasamiento (p&lt;0,01) en comparación con los grupos de terneros. La grasa subcutánea de las vacas de desvieje presentó un mayor contenido de ácidos grasos saturados (p&lt;0,001) y ramificados (p&lt;0,05), y un menor contenido de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (p&lt;0,01) y poliinsaturados (p&lt;0,001) en comparación con la de los terneros de las razas Pirenaica y Salers. El porcentaje de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados de tipo trans fue significativamente superior en la grasa subcutánea de los terneros de raza Pirenaica (p&lt;0,001), mientras que el contenido de 10t-18:1 fue significativamente mayor en la grasa de terneros de raza Pirenaica, intermedio en la grasa de terneros de raza Salers, y menor en la grasa de las vacas de desvieje (p&lt;0,001). Esto dio lugar a una relación 10t/11t &lt;1 y un perfil isomérico relativo de trans-18:1 y ácidos linoleico conjugados más saludable en la grasa de las vacas de desvieje de raza Frisona en comparación con los grupos de terneros. Esta idea podría contribuir a la valorización de las canales procedentes de vacas de desvieje desde el punto de vista de su comercialización y de la rentabilidad de las explotaciones ganaderas de vacuno en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco.