Commercial Broiler Ration Research Articles

Effects of Different Feeding Frequencies on Broiler Chickens’ Growth Performance and Intestinal Villus Development

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on growth performance and development of small intestine in broiler chickens from 1 to 14 days of age. Forty Aber acres broiler chicks at 1 day old were randomly assigned to 4 treatments as follows - T1: feeding once daily (100 % diet at 6:30), T2: feeding twice daily (50 % diet at 6:30 and 18:30), T3: feeding 4 times per day (25 % diet at 6:30, 11:30, 16:30 and 21:30) and T4: feeding 6 times per day (16.67 % diet at 6:30, 9:30, 12:30, 15:30, 18:30 and 21:30). Chickens were fed with commercial broiler rations for 14 days. Growth performance parameters including BW, BW gain, FI and FCR were determined. Changes in intestinal villus morphology were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) dye staining. Results showed that chickens fed 4 and 6 times per day had lower (p < 0.05) BW, BW gain and FI when compared with chickens fed once daily, from 1 to 7 days of age. However, at 14 days of age, there were no significant differences in all parameters of growth performance. There were no changes in gross anatomy of the small intestine. Fixed feeding 4 and 6 times per day resulted in the villus height of the jejunum and ileum being higher (p < 0.05) than when feeding once a day. Feeding 6 times per day resulted in the highest villus density in jejunum among feed regimes. The results suggested that both once and multiple daily feedings were suitable approaches to achieve optimum growth performance for broiler chickens from 1 to 14 days of age. Fixed feeding 6 times per day being the most beneficial for improving intestinal villus development. HIGHLIGHTS Feeding frequency is one of feed restriction method in broilers management From 1 to 7 days of age feeding fed 4 and 6 times per day show lower growth performance than feeding once daily, but not for 14 days of age Fixed feeding 4 and 6 times per day present the villus height at jejunum and ileum higher than feeding once daily Fixed feeding 6 times per day is the most effective solution for enhancing intestinal villus development Here, the experiment demonstrates for the first time that the compensatory growth effects by frequently feeding is at least mediated through adaptation of villus morphology in the small intestine along with improved feed consumption GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effects of Enzyme and Vinegar (Acetic Acid) on Growth Performance and Hematological Parameters in Broiler

The experiment was conducted on “Cobb 500” broiler chicks to investigate the effects of enzymes and vinegar on live weight and hematological parameters (TEC, Hb concentration, PCV, ESR, TLC, AST and ALT). A total of 250-day-old broiler chicks were allowed to take rest for 13 days for the adaptation and supplied with normal diet and water. After day 13 they were randomly divided into four equal groups (N=50) and marked them as group T0, T1, T2 and T3. Broiler chicks of group T0 were kept as control and fed with only the commercial broiler ration and fresh drinking water for 21 days but the group T1, T2 and T3 were treated with enzymes (Alquerzim®) @ 1gm/L, vinegar @ 1gm/L, enzymes (Alquerzim®) plus vinegar @ 1ml/L drinking water with normal diet for 21 days respectively. Live weight as gm of broiler chicks were measured on the day 14 of age (1st day of experiment) and sequentially at 7 days interval up to the end of the experiment (day 35 of age i.e 21st day of experiment). For the hematological examinations, blood samples were collected from the randomly selected 10 (i.e. n = 10) birds from each and every group at the end of experiment on day 35 of age (21st day of experiment). It was observed that live weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) as compared to control group T0. TEC, Hb concentration and PCV were increased significantly (p<0.01) but the ESR and TLC significantly (p<0.01) decreased in all the treatment groups as compared to control group T0. Serum biochemical parameters like AST and ALT values were also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the treatment groups as compared to control group T0. Therefore, it may be concluded that additional enzymes and vinegar had better performance in terms of live weight gain and hematological parameters without any detrimental effects in broilers

Growth performance of broiler chicken fed diet with single cell protein

The present study was designed to study the effect of single cell protein (SCP) on growth performances in broiler chicken. Day old chicks (600) were distributed in six groups and each group was consisting of four replicates with 25 birds in each. Soybean meal was replaced by SCP at the level of 0 (control), 2% (T1), 4% (T2), 6% (T3), 8% (T4) and 10% (T5). Total duration of the trial was 42 days. There was decrease in body weight, feed intake, performance index and increase in FCR with higher inclusion level but at the 2% level, the results were comparable with control. Dressing%, breast yield% and abdominal fat% decreased as the replacement of the soybean meal increased. However, hot carcass weight%, neck%, wing%, drumstick%, thigh%, back% showed no difference. Hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, ALT and AST level decreased significantly as the inclusion level increases but the level of uric acid increased. It can be concluded that SCP with 2% replacement of the soybean meal can be included in the commercial broiler ration without any adverse effect.

Effects of dietary triiodothyronine or dopamine on small intestinal oxygen consumption in chicks.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of triiodothyronine (T3)- or dopamine (Dp)-supplemented diets on oxygen consumption by Na+, K+-ATPase activity in broiler chicks. Five groups, each with twenty-four 6-day-old chicks, randomly received one of the five dietary treatments: (1) Basal diet (commercial broiler rations with 23.0% crude protein and 3,133 kcal metabolizable energy/kg) or CON, (2) basal diet plus 0.7 μmol Dp/kg diet or Dp0.7, (3) basal diet plus 2.4 μmol Dp/kg diet or Dp2.4, (4) basal diet plus 1.9 μmol T3/kg diet or T1.9, and (5) basal diet plus 3.8 μmol T3/kg diet or T3.8 from 6 to 14 days of age. There were four replicates per treatment and 120 birds in total. At 14 days of age, three chicks from each replicate of each treatment were pooled into a flock and fed commercial broiler diets until 7 weeks of age. Compared to CON group, birds fed with T3-supplemented diets had lower thyroid, abdominal fat pad, gizzard and pancreas weight, and heavier heart weight adjusted for fasted body weight. Chicks with T1.9 had lower ileal densities at 14 day old compared with those in Dp groups or CON. Chicks with T3.8 exhibited greater duodenal and jejunal O2 consumptions as well as ouabain-sensitive O2 consumptions of jejunum and small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) by 46.5%, 58.3%, 40.6%, and 26.4% increases, than those in CON. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the weight and length of the small intestine were negatively correlated with body weight gain. Oxygen consumption in the various small intestinal segments was negatively correlated with their respective densities (mg/mm2). In conclusion, a greater oxygen requirement for maintaining ouabain-sensitive respiration (Na+-K+-ATPase) in the intestine limits energy availability to support gastrointestinal tract growth and, thereby, may result in lower body weight gain.

Morphological and morphometric adaptations of testes in broilers induced by glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids (GCs) cause excess fat accumulation, which leads to fertility dysfunction in broilers. The study investigated alterations in the morphology and morphometry of the testes of broilers in response to GC and dexamethasone (DEX). Male day-old chicks were randomly divided into a control group and three experimental groups (E1, E2, and E3). The control group was fed a commercial broiler ration. The experimental groups were fed a commercial broiler ration containing GC (i.e. DEX 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg, respectively). The testes were collected and stained with haematoxylin and eosin to count the number of testicular seminiferous tubules. An increase in the seminiferous tubule count was initially seen, which declined as both the age of the broilers and the dose of DEX increased. Morphometric measurements, i.e., the testicular capsule thickness, seminiferous tubule diameter, and seminiferous epithelium height, were performed. The initial thickening of the testicular capsule was evident. There was a depletion of the interstitial (Leydig) cell population in the experimental groups with the age and increased with the dose advancement. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules and testicular capsule thickness remained upregulated in the treatment groups with the increased dose of DEX. The initial height of the seminiferous epithelium increased in the experimental groups of broilers. The study suggests that DEX greatly alters the morphological architecture of broiler testes; as a result, it could be said that DEX has the effect on the infertility of the broiler by affecting the morphology as well as the functionality of the testes.

Adaptations of muscular biology in response to potential glucocorticoid treatment in broiler chicken

Abstract: Poultry meat production has been dramatically increased in the last few decades due to increased population rate. Glucocorticoids decrease the growth of poultry and increase fat accumulation in liver and meat. In the coming days, it is important to consider the quality of meat to fulfill the increasing demand of proteins. The morphological and biometric properties of meat are associated with the quality of meat. The present research aimed to study the adaptations of muscular biology in response to potential glucocorticoid treatment in broiler chicken. This experiment was conducted into three groups of broiler (i.e. control group: homemade ration, group A: commercial broiler ration and group B: a high dose of glucocorticoid -7mg/kg) started from day 7 to or 28 days. Meat and blood samples were collected at day 7, 14, 21, and 28. For gross morphomology, color and weight of meat were consideredmeasured. Histomorphology of meat were was studied under light microscope by Hematoxylin & Eosin stain. The length and width of meat fibers were measured using calibrated stage micrometerThe length and width of meat fibers of meat were performed using calibrated stage micrometer. The blood cholesterol dynamics was measured by spectrophotometer. The color of breast meat was more yellowish and light than thigh meat. The weight of meat was negatively affected by glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoid treatment negatively influenced the number of myofibers in breast meat, while positively influenced the thigh meat. Excess dietary glucocorticoid increased the biometry of breast meat and decreased that of thigh meat in broiler. Glucocorticoid non-significantly increased the serum cholesterol level. These findings advance our knowledge about the action of glucocorticoid in the muscular system and provide basis for novel therapies to prevent glucocorticoid-induced muscular atrophy. Keywords: glucocorticoid; meat; morphology; broilers

Effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and gut biosis in broiler

This study was conducted under the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology to determine the effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and GUT biosis in broilers. A total of 40 day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial broiler ration. Group B supplemented with formulation of 2 gm grinded Neem leaves, Group C with 2 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves and Group D with 1 gm grinded Neem leaves plus 1 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves per liter of water respectively. Observations were recorded for live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, hemato-biochemical parameters and GUT biosis specially the parasite of birds in six weeks. Body weights were increased significantly (p<0.05) in all treated groups in respect to the control and highest was recorded in combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented groups (Group D). No significant (p>0.05) differences were observed among the groups for PCV and TEC values. Hb content increased and ESR decreased significantly (p<0.05) with combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented group (Group D). The serum SGOT and SGPT levels were also decreased with the same kind of supplementation. In treatment group there was significantly decreased of parasitic eggs, but in case of control group no decrease of parasitic eggs. There was no significant pathological change in any internal organs of the broiler of treated groups. Best result was found in the group D. The present study reveals that combine supplementation of Neem plus Nishyinda gives better result over other groups in respect to body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hemato-biochemical parameter and profitability without making any health hazard of the broilers.
 Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 168-175

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Dehydrated Swill for the Growth Performances of Male Layers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dehydrated swill (DS) inclusion in the diet of male layers on growth performances. Experimental diets were prepared by incorporating DS at different levels with commercial broiler ration. Day old, 200 male layer chicks were randomly assigned into five treatments; T1 (0% DS, control), T2 (10% DS), T3 (20% DS), T4 (10% DS + adjusted crude protein) and T5 (20% DS+ adjusted crude protein) in Completely Randomized Design with four replicates of ten birds per each. On day 90, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage of birds fed with different diets were not significantly different among treatments. However, birds fed with T5 showed significantly lower body weight and carcass weight compared to the control. Dehydrated swill can be incorporated in to broiler rations up to 20% without interfering on growth performances of male layers.

Biological Evaluation of Azolla in Ration of Commercial Chicken Broiler

The study was conducted to evaluate feeding of dried Azolla (Azolla pinnata) and Azolla in combination with exogenous enzymes in commercial broiler poultry birds under complete randomized design. Total 110 day old vancobb broiler chicks were divided into five groups T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, further each group divided in 2 sub groups (n=11). Group T1 and T3 was given ration containing 2.5 and 5.0 percent dried Azolla without exogenous feed enzyme, where as group T2 and T4 was given ration containing 2.5 and 5.0 per cent dried Azolla with exogenous feed enzyme viz. Phytase and Hizyme. T0 served as standard control diet. Overall growth performance of the dried Azolla fed groups (T1, T2, T3, T4) was found to be similar to the control group (T0) during starter and finisher phase whereas, feed intake per unit gain in live weight was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher for all the dried Azolla fed groups compared to control group. Further, group T2 offered 2.5 percent substituted dried Azolla supplemented with enzymes exhibited lower feed conversion ratio compared to group T3 offered 5 percent substituted dried Azolla. No effect was recorded in the plasma mineral viz. calcium and phosphorus levels of broilers. Based on the findings it can be concluded that dried Azolla can be safely administered in commercial poultry broiler ration up to 5 percent level without having any deleterious, however inclusion of 2.5 percent Azolla is more effective on the growth performance and biochemical parameters.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Productive Performance and Economic Efficiency of Arbor Acres and Cobb300 Broilers

A total of 198 day old Arbor acres chicks and 198 Cobb300 were allotted into six groups (n=66) three for each breed, group one fed commercial broiler ration with BioGaurd (0.5g/kg ration) feed additives, group two fed commercial broiler ration with Micro-BACLA (0.5g/kg ration) feed additive and last one fed commercial ration without additives and kept as control for the same breed. The obtained result showed that Arbor acres breed was superior than Cobb300 breeds in the final body weight (1970.0 vs. 1831.3 g), total weight gain (1914.0 vs. 1769.35g), total feed conversion ratio (1.72 vs. 1.78), total return per average bird body weight (27.88 vs. 25.93 L.E./bird), net return (2.97 vs. 1.80 L.E./bird) and net return/total cost ratio (11.92 vs. 7.45). Regarding to the effect of feed additives, BioGaurd improved significantly total body weight (1988.67 g), total weight gain (1938.99 g), total feed conversion ratio (1.69), total return (28.14 L.E/bird), net return (3.48 L.E/bird) and net return/total cost ratio (14.11) than Micro-BACLA and control groups. Moreover, compared to control group, Micro-BACLA feed additives significantly increased total body weight (1858.63 vs. g), total weight gain (1801.18 g), total feed conversion (1.78) and total return (26.32 L.E./bird), however, Micro-BACLA significantly increased total cost (24.75 L.E./bird) which in return significantly decreased net return (1.57 L.E./ bird) and net return/total cost ratio (6.34). The interaction between breed and dietary supplement showed that within each breed BioGaurd improved productive performance and economic efficiency than Micro-BACLA while, Micro-BACLA increased productive performance but decreased economic efficiency parameters even when compared to control group. From our experimental work it could be concluded that Arbor acres broiler when fed commercial ration supplemented by BioGaurd had better productive performance, total return, net return and net return/total cost ratio than Arbor acres fed ration with Micro-BACLA or control without feed additives. Moreover, with Arbor acres broilers was better than Cobb300 broilers when fed commercial ration in both productive performance and economic efficiency.

Effect of Supplementation of soybean Cake and Fishmeal with Lysine and Methionine in Broiler Diets on the Growth Performance of Turkey Poults

The study was carried out during June to August 2003, using one hundred and eight day oldturkey poults which were randomly divided into twelve groups, 9 birds in each. Three replicatewere allocated to each four dietary treatments. Commercially available broiler feed (Ratna feed)was considered as basal diet (Diet-1), Diet-2 was prepared by addition of lysine (0.3%) +methionine (0.1%) to Diet-1, Diet-3 was prepared by supplementation of soybean cake (15%) +lysine (0.2%) + methionine (0.1%) to Diet-1and Diet-4 was formulated by addition of soybeancake (10%) + fishmeal (5%) in Diet-1. Each diet was offered ad lib. from one week to 10 weeksof age. Observation on weekly body weight, weekly and cumulative feed consumed wasaccessed. Weekly body weight gain and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Economics ofdietary treatments in terms of income over chicks and feed cost was also calculated.Significantly higher body weight (P &lt; 0.01) was observed in birds fed with Diet-3 (1881.5 ± 17g), followed by Diet-4 (1745.3 ± 33 g) and Diet-2 (1460.8 ± 51 g) as compared to Diet-1 (1125.2± 20 g) up to 10 weeks of age. The birds fed with supplemented diet consumed significantly (P &lt;0.01) higher feed than that of basal diet. The average additional profit per bird fed withsupplemented diets over basal diet was found to be Rs 31.21, Rs 29.4 and Rs 9.92 for Diet-3,followed by Diet-4 and Diet-2, respectively. The results showed that supplemented diets weremore economical than that of basal diet. It may be concluded that supplementation of eithersoybean cake (15%) along with lysine (0.2%) and methionine (0.1%) or soybean cake (10%) andfishmeal (5%) in commercial broiler ration could be beneficial for enhancing higher body weightof turkey poults and resulted higher gross income as compared to basal diet (broiler ration).Key words: Fishmeal; lysine; methionine; soybean cake; turkeyDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1871Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.70-74

Biochemical, Physical And Performance Evaluations Of Commercial Broiler Rations Produced In Nigeria.

Biochemical, physical and performance evaluation studies were carried out in order to determine the quality of four commercial broilers rations (Guinea feed, GF; Sanders feed, SF; Top feed, TF and Vital feed, VF) manufactured in Nigeria. Percentage moisture content (%MC), ash content (%AC), ether extract (%EE), crude fiber (%CF), crude protein (%CP), nitrogen free extract (%NFE) and calculated metabolizable energy (ME) in MJ/Kg were determined and compared with the nutrient values declared on the brand labels. Performance was investigated using 140, 4 weeks old finisher broilers in a 28 days (4 weeks) experiment. The 4 commercial rations and a control (CT) were fed to 5 replicated groups of the experimental birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. There was no significant difference between the analyzed and brand label declared values of CP (P>0.05). However, there were significant (P

Effectiveness of sodium bentonite and two commercial products as aflatoxin absorbents in diets for broiler chickens

Three hundred day-old commercial broiler chicks were reared in 10 groups to examine the effects of indigenous sodium bentonite (SB) as a sodium bentonite simple, sodium bentonite + gention violet and sodium bentonite + acetic acid on two levels 0.5 and 1% of feed, along with two market products Sorbatox and Klinofeed on two levels of aflatoxin 0 and 100 mcg/kg. Each group was replicated three times. The aflatoxins (AF) were incorporated in a standard commercial broiler ration and fed to chicks for 6 week. Body weight and feed consumption was recorded weekly. At the end of the experiment two birds from each group were slaughtered to note the relative weight of heart, liver, gizzard and dressing percentage. Titre against Newcastle disease (ND) was monitored at day 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd of the experiment. Statistical analysis indicated that aflatoxin in diet negatively affected (P<0.05) all the parameters. Chicks receiving aflatoxin-contaminated diet had suppressed body weight, feed consumption and FCR value, which was significantly improved with the addition of 0.5% simple sodium bentonite. The relative weight of liver (5.34%), heart (0.72%), gizzard (2.05%) and mortality (40%) increased significantly with the addition of 100 mcg/kg aflatoxin and were restored to 3.57, 0.57, 1.43 and 16.6%, respectively, with the dietary inclusion of 0.5% simple sodium bentonite. However, dressing percentage significantly decreased (51.7%) when diet (B) was supplemented with 100 mcg/kg aflatoxin as compared to the diet where no aflatoxin was added (diet A). The titre against Newcastle disease (ND) also showed poorest results by addition of aflatoxin which also improved by inclusion of 0.5% simple sodium bentonite. Addition of indigenous sodium bentonite gave overall better results than the market products and between two levels of indigenous sodium bentonite, 0.5% level gave better results than 1%.

Effect of Yucca Saponin on Urease Activity and Development of Ascites in Broiler Chickens

The study was conducted to ascertain the effect of 200 on urease activity and development of ascites in broiler chickens. Two commercial broiler rations were prepared containing 2810 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 20 % crude protein starter and 2900 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 18.50 % crude protein, finisher ration. 240 chicks were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D, respectively. Each group had 60 birds and groups were further subdivided into 6 replicates having 10 birds each. Each group offered different concentrations of Norponin 200 Liquid. Group A was control group i.e. without medication. Groups B, C and D were offered 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ml Norponin 200 liquid/100 liter of drinking water, respectively. The data regarding feed consumption, weight gain, FCR, urease activity inside the intestine and in the excreta, mortality and economics were recorded. It was concluded that group D offered Norponin 200 Liquid at 7.50 ml/100 liter of drinking water had comparatively better results than groups B and C offered 2.5 ml and 5.0 ml Norponin 200 liquid/100 liter of drinking water and control group A.

The Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Suppress the Effects of Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chicks

Three hundred and sixty day-old commercial broiler chicks were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to examine the effects of three levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0, .05, and .1% of feed, and two levels of aflatoxin, 0 and 5 ppm, singly and in combination on aflatoxicosis. Each treatment group was replicated three times. The S. cerevisiae and aflatoxin were incorporated in a standard commercial broiler ration and fed to chicks for 4 wk. Data were collected weekly on body weights, and at the end of the experiment on the relative weights of the liver, proventriculus, pancreas, and heart. Serum concentrations of the albumin, total protein, cholesterol, uric acid, triglycerides, and enzyme activities of alamine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactase dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase were also evaluated.Results showed that chicks receiving aflatoxin-contaminated feed had suppressed body weight (456 g), which significantly improved (516 g) with the inclusion of .1% S. cerevisiae. The relative weights of liver (3.58%), heart (.916%), and proventriculus (.770%), which increased significantly with the addition of 5 ppm of aflatoxin, were restored to 3.00, .783, and .680%, respectively, with the dietary inclusion of .1% S. cerevisiae. The serum concentrations of albumin and total protein (.66 and 1.62 g/100 mL), which were significantly decreased by aflatoxin, were elevated to .88 and 2.24 g/100 mL, respectively, with the inclusion of .1% S. cerevisiae. The activities of the enzymes, alamine transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase, which were also significantly depressed by aflatoxin, were restored to the control level. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was increased but not to the activity level of the control with the inclusion of S. cerevisiae.

The Available Lysine Requirement of 7–9 Week Old Male Broiler Chicks

Six experiments were conducted with broiler cross male chicks to determine the available lysine requirement during the 7–9 week growing period. The birds were reared from day-old to 7 weeks of age on commercial type broiler rations. At 7 weeks of age the birds were group-weighed by pens and the pens ranked according to average weight and blocked on this basis. The treatments were randomly assigned within each block. Graded levels of lysine from L-lysine · HCl were added to lysine deficient basal rations which had been formulated based on available lysine values of 0.26, 3.09, 0.71 and 1.04% for corn, soybean meal, corn gluten meal and sesame meal, respectively. Using regression analysis the minimum available lysine requirement was calculated for this period. The minimum lysine requirement for male broilers during this period was 0.68% under optimum growing conditions. In one experiment the requirement appeared to increase under summer stress conditions. When expressed as a function of energy this would be 0.201% available lysine per mega Calorie M.E. per kg. of diet.

Effect of enzyme and vitamin supplementation on physio-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens

The present research was carried out on broilers to study the effect of oral administration of enzymes and vitamins on growth, haematological parameters and biochemical parameters in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University for the period of 21 days from 15th January to 5th February 2007. A total of 20 broiler birds of 20 day old were divided into four equal groups as A, B, C and D. Group A was maintained as control and was fed only with commercial broiler ration through out the experimental period. Group B was treated with enzymes @ 1 gm per litre of drinking water, group C was treated with vitamins @ 0.5 gm per litre of drinking water and group D was treated with enzymes and vitamins combinedly at the rate of above mentioned dose. Body weight was recorded at 7 days interval up to the end of the 21 days of experimental period and the birds were sacrificed on the final day of experiment to collect blood sample for haematological (TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR) and biochemical study (SGOT and SGPT). Body weight was increased significantly (p &lt;  0.01) in all the treated groups compared with the control group and highest was recorded in group D. TEC, PCV and Hb content increased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group but ESR, SGOT and SGPT values decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) in all the treated groups as compared to that of control group. The result reveals that use of enzymes and vitamins is an effective way of getting best result in terms of body weight gain and haemato-biochemical profiles in broiler birds. Key words: Broiler, enzyme, vitamin, body weight, haemato-biochemical parametersDOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1311 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 &amp; 2): 55-58

Growth and Hematological changes of commercial birds fed on blood meal supplement with water

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of blood meal supplement on growth performance and hematological parameters changes in broiler chicks. The experiment was carried out with 40 selected homogenous sex and weight broiler chicks having 10 for each group. The lay out of the study was conducted with control group A, fed only with standard commercial broiler ration and other groups viz. B, C, and D were fed with standard commercial ration in addition to 2.5 %, 5.0 %, and 7.5% blood meal supplement with water respectively for 15 days (21st to 35th days of age). The activities of broiler chicks, growth performance, weight loss or gain and any kind of abnormalities were closely observed in every day and the body weight was recorded at 7 days interval. During feeding of blood meal all treated groups were found increased body weight at different level.The blood meal supplied to the broiler chicks increased the growth performance that was directly proportional to the rate of blood meal supplement with water, because the ration was fixed for every group. In hematological observations, TEC, Hb concentration and PCV were decreased but rapid decreasing occurs in group (B) that was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). In this experiment during feeding of blood meal no clinical symptoms were found markedly. But slight symptoms occur when fed 7.5 % blood meal.The data were analyzed by least significance difference (LSD) with a compute program SPSS-11.50 (Statistical packages for social sciences). Keywords: Blood meal; Hematological parameters; Growth performance DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4829 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 321-326, 2008

Effect of Diet Composition on Vanadium Toxicity for the Chick

ROMOSER et al. (1961) studied the effect of adding vanadium to a corn-soybean meal diet and found that the addition of up to 20 p.p.m. of vanadium to such a diet was tolerated by the chick. Adding 30 or more p.p.m. resulted in significant growth depression. They further observed that no mortality occurred until 200 or more p.p.m. of vanadium were added.Nelson et al. (1962) using a commercial type broiler ration (composition not given) showed that diets containing less than 20 p.p.m. of vanadium were safe for young chicks. Likewise, no growth depression occurred when 15 p.p.m. vanadium was added to a purified type ration containing dextrose, blood fibrin and gelatin.Hathcock et al. (1964) studied vanadium toxicity with a diet containing 60% dried skim milk and 32.5% glucose. With such a diet the addition of 25 p.p.m. vanadium caused a significant decrease in growth rate and nearly 100% …

Sequence in Which Essential Amino Acids Become Limiting for Growth of Chicks Fed Rations Containing Cottonseed Meal

LIMITED amounts of meal prepared from glanded cottonseed are used in poultry rations. It has generally been recognized, however, that the protein in that meal is too deficient in lysine for large amounts to be included in commercial broiler rations. Grau (1946) found that lysine is the most limiting amino acid in cottonseed meal protein; additional methionine was also needed to allow the most rapid growth rate. Further supplementation with threonine or tryptophan did not increase growth rate. Jonston and Watts (1964) have reported that lysine and methionine are also limiting in meals prepared from glandless cottonseed. Lysine was found to be more limiting in the glanded than in the glandless meal.This paper reports the results of experiments conducted to determine the sequence in which the essential amino acids become limiting for growth of chicks in semi-purified rations based on five different cottonseed meals. The experiments are similar to …