Commercial Bias Research Articles

Evaluating the Source and Content of Internet Information Regarding DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis.

Introduction Patients are increasingly relying onthe internet for information about their medical diagnoses, but there is little regulation on the content of these websites. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of the informational content available on the internet regarding DeQuervain's tenosynovitis. Methods The search phrasing "'DeQuervain' OR 'DeQuervain's' OR 'Radial styloid tenosynovitis' OR 'DeQuervain's synovitis' OR 'Wrist tendonitis'" was entered into the five most commonly used search engines, and the first 50 universal resource locators (URLs) were recorded, including sponsored sites. Duplicate sites and URLs linking to other search engines were removed, yielding a roster of 109 websites that form the basis for this study. Each site was graded by two authors and scored based on a previously published information evaluation protocol regarding informational content. A third individual resolved any conflict before analysis. The sum of these scores resulted in an "Informational Score" on a scale from 0 to 100. Results Sixty-six (60.6%) of the websites evaluated were authored by an academic institution or a physician, and these all provided conventional information.Thirty-two (29.4%) of the sites were commercial sites or sold commercial products.The remaining 11 websites (10.1%) had nonphysician, unidentified, or lay authorship. The mean informational score for all sites was 46.7 out of a maximum of 100 points.The mean score of the academic or physician-authored websites was 53.3 out of 100 points, compared to 36.7 out of 100 for the remainder of the sites, which was significantly different. The mean score for the 14 sponsored websites was 11.6 out of 100. Discussion/conclusion We concluded that internet information on DeQuervain's tenosynovitis is of poor quality and incomplete. Patients looking for information about DeQuervain's tenosynovitis on the internet should be advised to focuson academic- and physician-authored sites in order to avoid commercial bias and misleading information.

Abstract B032: Advancing the science of cancer in Latinos conference

Abstract Cancer is the leading cause of mortality within the Latino population. Projections suggest a 142% increase in cancer incidence among Latinos over the next two decades. This trend is concerning given that Latinos, the largest minority group in the United States, are expected to constitute at least 28% of the nation's populace by 2060. To address the need for enhanced comprehension of these trends and to identify equitable interventions targeting Latino health disparities, the Institute of Health Promotion Research and the Mays Cancer Center jointly established the biennial Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos (ASCL) Conference. The fourth ASCL Conference convened in San Antonio, TX from February 21-23, 2024. The conference objectives were twofold: 1) Examine the intersection of health equity and biological underpinnings in cancer control, prevention, and treatment; and 2) Foster collaborative initiatives among attendees aimed at addressing cancer-related health disparities within the Latino community. The 2024 conference attracted 286 participants compared to 251 attendees in 2022, encompassing guest speakers, researchers, physicians, healthcare professionals, patient advocates, researchers, and students. It comprised 23 sessions (3 keynotes, 6 plenaries, 6 breakouts, 3 general sessions, 1 special session, 1 lunch panel session) featuring insights from 51 speakers, alongside a poster session highlighting 80 research abstracts and a rapid-fire session tailored for early-career investigators. Sessions encompassed multiple topics relevant to Latino cancer research, spanning health disparities, clinical trials, survivorship, patient advocacy, climate change impacts on cancer, precision medicine, health policy and social determinants of health. A post-conference survey from a cohort of 48 respondents underscored high levels of satisfaction, with 90% expressing pronounced contentment regarding the conference experience, compared to 85% in 2022. Moreover, nearly all respondents (98%) rated the relevance of conference content to Latino cancer science as excellent, with 93% regarding the conference as an exceptional platform for information exchange, compared to 79% in 2022. Impressions regarding session quality were overwhelmingly positive, with 90% of respondents indicating a high level of satisfaction, and all survey respondents acknowledging the objectivity, balance, and absence of commercial bias in the session content. Our results showed that the resounding positivity in attendee feedback reflects the conference's success in fostering meaningful engagement among researchers committed to alleviating Latino cancer health disparities. The ASCL conference facilitated an understanding of cultural nuances and barriers specific to the Latino community, stimulating collaborative efforts aimed at enhancing Latino health outcomes. Overall, this retrospective analysis affirms the conference's success in achieving its stipulated objectives and underscores the need of having consistently coordinated research endeavors to reduce Latino health disparities. Citation Format: Amelie G. Ramirez, Rebecca T. Jones, Matthew P. Banegas, Maria C Camargo, Gerardo Colon-Otero, Cliff Despres, Laura Fejerman, Filipa Lynce, Martin Mendoza, Patricia I. Moreno, Alejandro Recio-Boiles, Barbara Segarra-Vazquez, Sandi Stanford, Mariana Stern, Katherine Y. Tossas, Edward J. Trapido, Nicolette M Orozco. Advancing the science of cancer in Latinos conference [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B032.

Peer Review Declaration

The Organiser and/or the Editor(s) are required to declare details about their peer review processes. Therefore, please provide the following information: ➢ Type of peer review: Single-blind (the identity of reviewers is not known by the authors) Criteria used by reviewers: The papers underwent assessment based on their scientific substance, the novelty of the information they presented, language accuracy, and the quality of their presentation. Reviewers were provided with a structured review form encompassing sections on novelty, contextual relevance, manuscript coherence (including communication effectiveness and result clarity), abstract adequacy, language proficiency, and absence of commercial bias. Additionally, reviewers were required to provide constructive comments and suggestions for authors in designated sections. They were further tasked with recommending papers for publication, revision, or rejection. Subsequently, reviewers' feedback, facilitated by the track director, was relayed to the authors, who were then responsible for revising their papers in accordance with the reviewers' input and resubmitting them. Final acceptance (or rejection) decisions were made by the conference track director only after authors had made the necessary revisions. ➢ Conference submission management system: Open Conference System (https://siarcongress.eu/index.php/mvt/2022) ➢ Number of submissions received: 107 ➢ Number of submissions sent for review: 67 ➢ Number of submissions accepted:53 ➢ Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 49.53 % ➢ Average number of reviews per paper: 2 ➢ Total number of reviewers involved: 20 ➢ As additional info on review process the papers were checked for plagiarism with www.turnitinn.com platform (the papers ware uploaded in the platform, verified and presented a report with ➢ Contact person for queries: Liviu MIHON, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania, email: liviu.mihon@upt.ro

Evaluating quality, understandability, and actionability of YouTube content for gender affirming surgery: Metoidioplasty.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate YouTube content about metoidioplasty on completeness of perioperative information, actionability, understandability, degree of misinformation, quality, and presence of commercial bias. A YouTube search for "Metoidioplasty" was conducted and the first 100 video results were watched by five independent reviewers. Videos in English <30 minutes in length were included and videos primarily showing surgical footage were excluded. Videos were evaluated between January 2022 and June 2022. Each video was evaluated for presenter demographics, channel/video statistics, and whether it covered topics including anatomy, treatment options, outcomes, procedure risks, and misinformation, and whether it had a clickbait title. Calculated scores for validated DISCERN and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) metrics were the primary outcome variables used to quantify quality, actionability, and understandability. For PEMAT, a cutoff of 75% was used to differentiate between "poor" versus "good/sufficient." Multivariate and univariate logistic regressions were performed to assess correlations among primary outcome variables and other variables. Of the 79 videos analyzed, 24% (n=19) were of high quality; 99% (n=78) had poor understandability and 100% (n=79%) had poor actionability. Patients/consumers were the most common publisher type (n=71, 90%). This study demonstrates metoidioplasty content available on YouTube is not comprehensive and is of poor quality, and poor actionability and understandability, demonstrating a clear need for more relevant, accessible, comprehensible, and accurate content.

Does liquidity regulation affect commercial banks' carbon bias? Evidence from China

This study demonstrates the influence mechanisms of liquidity regulation on banks' carbon bias through a simplified balance sheet model. Subsequently, we empirically analyze the impact of regulatory liquidity pressure on banks' carbon bias by using a sample of 213 Chinese commercial banks from 2009 to 2019. We find that liquidity regulation, which has a significant positive impact on banks' carbon bias, accounts for a 23% increase in the sample banks' aggregated carbon bias before and after the implementation due to the slow pace of decarbonization. Further, this effect becomes smaller when banks have lower initial reliance on stable funding or a lower capital adequacy ratio, and it is mainly found in state-owned, joint-stock, and urban commercial banks; banks with assets of no less than ¥200 billion; and during economic upturn periods. The main findings remain consistent after considering bank proactive liquidity management.

The Tobacco Industry Has No Business Funding Continuing Medical Education

This Viewpoint explores tobacco industry–funded continuing medical education and concerns regarding the precedents this funding sets in relation to commercial bias and influence and conflicts of interest.

The state of Continuing Professional Development in East and Southeast Asia among the medical practitioners

Introduction: Continuing medical education and continuing professional development activities (CME/CPD) improve the practice of medical practitioners and allowing them to deliver quality clinical care. However, the systems that oversee CME/CPD as well as the processes around design, delivery, and accreditation vary widely across countries. This study explores the state of CME/CPD in the East and South East Asian region from the perspective of medical practitioners, and makes recommendations for improvement. Methods: A multi-centre study was conducted across five institutions in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. The study instrument was a 28-item (27 five-point Likert scale and 1 open-ended items) validated questionnaire that focused on perceptions of the current content, processes and gaps in CME/CPD and further contextualised by educational experts from each participating site. Descriptive analysis was undertaken for quantitative data while the data from open-ended item was categorised into similar categories. Results: A total of 867 medical practitioners participated in the study. For perceptions on current CME/CPD programme, 75.34% to 88.00% of respondents agreed that CME/CPD increased their skills and competence in providing quality clinical care. For the domain on pharmaceutical industry-supported CME/CPD, the issue of commercial influence was apparent with only 30.24%-56.92% of respondents believing that the CME/CPD in their institution was free from commercial bias. Key areas for improvement for future CME/CPD included 1) content and mode of delivery, 2) independence and funding, 3) administration, 4) location and accessibility and 5) policy and collaboration. Conclusion: Accessible, practice-relevant content using diverse learning modalities offered by unbiased content providers and subject to transparent and rigorous accreditation processes with minimal administrative hassle are the main considerations for CME/CPD participants. Keywords: Medical Education, Health Profession Education, Continuing Professional Development, Continuing Medical Education, Accreditation

Forest stand dynamics of a short‐stature tree species: Ecological knowledge for sustainable forest management

Abstract Worldwide, the implementation of forest management guidelines has tried to mimic natural forest dynamics. The Oliver forest stand dynamics model has been successful in bridging natural forest dynamics associated with the disturbances of various spatial scales and silviculture also related to various spatial scales of management. However, the application of this model (and others) is restricted to tall forests. We claim here that the general research and commercial interest bias towards tall tree species has permeated silviculture and forest management, and that both the stand dynamics of short‐stature tree species and their treatment have remained largely unexplored and unknown. Using one short‐stature tree species, Nothofagus antarctica, as a model system, we show that this species indeed follows a stand dynamic different from other tall Nothofagus‐dominated forests in southern South America. This species forms short, mature, even‐aged stands without large canopy gaps that promote tree regeneration. With this in mind, we propose a conceptual ecology‐based silvicultural guideline focusing on the creation of strip cuts or gaps along with topsoil scarification to ensure regeneration and forest reorganization after disturbances. Policy implications. The acknowledgement that short‐stature tree species follow a stand dynamic different from tall tree species necessarily implies that they must be managed differently. This recognition, along with the implementation of ecology‐based silvicultural recommendations, represents strong arguments to make modifications to forest legislation that, together, must be aimed at conservation and sustainable forest management.

Міжнародний досвід фінансових взаємовідносин акредитованої безперервної освіти та комерційного інтересу

In order to provide the best possible medical care to patients, medical or health care workers must be continuously educated. It is through continuing education during entire practical activity medical workers maintain and constantly improve their own professionalism. Financial or commercial support and marketing play an important role in accredited continuing education. As the experience of developed countries has shown, interaction with commercial structures is necessary; it helps to improve the provision of continuing education. To manage effective interaction with commercial structures in various countries, standards were developed many years ago, the implementation of which ensures that accredited continuing education is protected from commercial influence, creates a clear division between accredited continuing education and commercial interest, prevents commercial bias and marketing, ensures the management of commercial support in an appropriate manner, as well as disclose and resolving conflicts of interest. Adherence to the standards of interaction of accredited activity with commercial interest is a guarantee that health care workers receive only good-quality, balanced, and scientifically based recommendations that are protected from advertising, marketing and commercial bias. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Quality of information in Youtube videos on disorder of sexual development.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and quality of the videos published on YouTube on the subject of disorder of sexual development. The search was performed by using term 'disorder of sexual development', 'differences in sex development', 'variations in sex development' and 'intersex' on YouTube. Videos in languages other than English and whose sound or image quality was poor were excluded from the study. The videos were evaluated in terms of source, content, intended audience, commercial bias, and accuracy of information. Video features were recorded. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, modified DISCERN scale and Global Quality Score (GQS) were used for quality evaluation. A total of 150 videos were evaluated. The source of 30% of the videos was medical education sites, the content of 43.3% was general information and the target audience of 40.6% was patients/society. Accuracy of information rate was 90% and commercial bias rate was 7.3%. The median JAMA, GQS and Modified DISCERN score were 1 (IQR value:2, range:0-2), 3 (IQR value:2, range:2-4) and 3 (IQR value:2, range:1-3) respectively. These scores were correlated with each other (rho = 0.834-0.909 p < 0.001). Scores of the videos whose source was academic journal/university were higher compared to other videos (p < 0.001). The median duration of the videos with good quality was longer (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between all scoring systems and number of views/likes/comments, view/comment per day and days since upload date (rho = -0.332, rho = -0.273, rho = -0.382, rho = -0.249, rho = -0.323 rho = -0.285 respectively; p < 0.05). YouTube is a good platform to learn about disorder of sexual development, but the quality may vary depending on the video source.

Assessing the Quality and Readability of Web-Based Information on Otoplasty.

Introduction: As health care-related internet use expands, parents and patients considering otoplasty frequently turn to online resources for further information to aid their decision making. Objective: In online resources related to otoplasty, what is the quality of the information and how readable is it based on standardized tests? Methods: A web search was performed on the three major search engines, using search terms related to otoplasty. The top 20 results from each search engine were selected. The DISCERN instrument was applied to assess the quality of health information, whereas the Flesch-Kincaid readability tests were used to assess readability. Results: The mean DISCERN score was 28.7 out of a possible score of 80 (poor quality) and commercial bias was common. The Flesch-Kincaid readability test results were significantly higher than the average reading level for adults in the United Kingdom. On the largest search engine, there was a correlation between search engine ranking and both readability and quality. Conclusion: Online patient information resources on otoplasty are generally of poor quality and difficult to read for the average patient.

Content Quality of YouTube Videos About Metastatic Breast Cancer in Young Women: Systematic Assessment.

Young women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are part of a digitally connected generation yet are underserved in terms of information needs. YouTube is widely used to find and identify health information. The accessibility of health-related content on social media together with the rare and marginalized experiences of young women with MBC and the digital media practices of younger generations imply a considerable likelihood that young women with MBC will seek information and community on the internet. This study aims to assess the content quality of MBC YouTube videos and to identify themes in the experiences of young women with MBC based on YouTube videos. A systematic assessment of MBC YouTube videos using the search term "metastatic breast cancer young" was conducted in August 2021. The search was performed in an incognito browser and with no associated YouTube or Google account. Search results were placed in order from most to least views. Title, date uploaded, length, poster identity, number of likes, and number of comments were collected. Understandability and actionability were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT); information reliability and quality were assessed with DISCERN. Themes, sponsorships, and health care professionals' and patients' narratives were reported. A total of 101 videos were identified. Of these, 78.2% (n=79) included sponsorships. The mean PEMAT scores were 78.8% (SD 15.3%) and 43.1% (SD 45.2%) for understandability and actionability, respectively. The mean DISCERN score was 2.44 (SD 0.7) out of 5. Identified themes included treatment (n=67, 66.3%), family relationship (n=46, 45.5%), and motherhood (n=38, 37.6%). YouTube videos about young women with MBC are highly understandable but demonstrate moderate rates of actionability, with low reliability and quality scores. Many have a commercial bias. While web-based materials have limitations, their potential to provide patient support is not fully developed. By acknowledging their patients' media habits, health care professionals can further develop a trusting bond with their patients, provide a space for open and honest discussions of web-based materials, and avoid any potential instances of confusion caused by misleading, inaccurate, or false web-based materials.

Challenges and opportunities for conducting on-farm research

Availability of research farms owned by research institutions is declining due to their high operational cost, asset value, and limited distribution. The goals of this paper are to review their role and value in pastoral science and to identify challenges and opportunities for on-farm research. Research and commercial farms as trial sites may be mutually exclusive, complementary, or substitutes. Research farms are essential where science requires expensive facilities and/or rigorous control to maintain ethics and quality commitments. They can also provide information independent of scientific and commercial bias. Commercial farms provide access to more diversity, help scientists understand benefits and identify and resolve on-farm issues, and build industry credibility. Since the number of research farms is unlikely to increase, several lessons are important. Delivery, ethical, and science quality risks can accrue when the full cost of working with commercial farms is not considered or work most suited to a research farm is conducted in a commercial setting. Improved integration with farms owned by educational institutions; private trusts; regional and national government; and commercial companies offers opportunities for efficiency improvements. When working with commercial farmers, clear communication, flexible protocols, frequent oversight, and mutual respect are essential to maintain science quality. Paying farmers under a contractual agreement appears pragmatic. The value of opportunities to build farmer and researcher capability in the context of field experiments on research and commercial farms is identified.

SURG-35. SURVEY ASSESSMENT OF UTILITY IN THE PREOPERATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) TRACTOGRAPHY SURGICAL PLANNING

Abstract BACKGROUND While tractography guided surgery is used by many surgeons as a matter of preference, there is controversy in the published literature as it relates to its clinical utility. The current literature consists of experiences of select surgeons. Here we adopted a survey-based approach with the goal of attaining a broader view of how tractography influence pre-operative planning in a sampling of practicing neurosurgeons. METHODS Three cases were prepared where the presence of a tumor distorted the optic radiation (case 1), the arcuate fasciculus (case 2), and corticospinal tract (case 3). This survey was administered at the Medtronic Cranial Consortium attended by twenty practicing neurosurgeons. To avoid commercial bias, we used both the Brainlab and the Medtronic platform to compute tractography. Each participant is asked to vote on a surgical trajectory prior to and after seeing the tractography images as well as whether tractography added value in validating their surgical approach. RESULTS In the three cases surveyed, 16-44% of the surgeons changed the surgical corridor selected after seeing the tractography images. The most common finding associated with a change in surgical corridor involved intersection of the surgical corridor with visualized tracts. Consistently, &amp;gt;80% of the surgeons surveyed felt that tractography added value in their surgical planning. These findings suggest tractography added value even in cases where the surgeon did not change their surgical approach, likely by confirming their prediction in the location of the pertinent tracts. CONCLUSION The clinical utility of tractography in pre-operative planning vary as a function of surgeon and the tumor anatomy, with &amp;gt; 80% of the participating consider that tractography added value in pre-operative surgical planning.

Reliability and Readability of Patient-Oriented Internet-Based Information Regarding Gingival Recession

The study aimed to assess the quality and readability of web-based information regarding the gingival recession. An internet search was done using two engines (Google and Bing) with the terms “gingival recession,” “gum recession,” and “receding gums.” Each search engine’s top 100 results for each query were filtered out. The websites’ reliability and level of quality were evaluated using the JAMA and DISCERN scores, respectively. Readability was analyzed by the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog index (GFI), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, the Coleman-Liau score (CL), the Linsear Write (LW) readability formula and the Automated Readability Index (ARI), via an online readability tool. Of the 151 websites, 81.5% were private dental clinics, 9.3% were advertising sites, 4.6% were national health services, and 4.6% were nonprofit organizations. 11.3% of the websites achieved all four JAMA benchmarks, and the JAMA average of all websites was 2.06. The mean FRES was 54.48, and the mean GFI was 12.82. The mean DISCERN scores for all websites were 43.64 and the DISCERN scores of the websites prepared by periodontologists were statistically significantly higher than the others. The online health information regarding gingival recession has fair reliability and difficult readability. It is essential to produce website information free from commercial bias and simple for patients to understand fully.

Survey Assessment of Utility in Preoperative Magnetic Resonance (MR) Tractography Surgical Planning

Although tractography-guided surgery is used by many surgeons, there is controversy in the published literature as it relates to its clinical utility. Here we adopted a survey-based approach with the goal of attaining a broader view of how tractography influence preoperative planning in a sampling of practicing neurosurgeons. Three cases were prepared where the presence of a tumor distorted the optic radiation (case 1), arcuate fasciculus (case 2), and corticospinal tract (case 3). This survey was administered at the Medtronic Cranial Consortium attended by 20 practicing neurosurgeons. To avoid commercial bias, we used both the Brainlab and Medtronic platform to compute tractography. Each participant is asked to vote on a surgical trajectory before and after seeing the tractography images, as well as whether tractography added value in validating their surgical approach. In the 3 cases surveyed, 16%-44% of the surgeons changed the surgical corridor selected after seeing the tractography images. The most common finding associated with a change in surgical corridor involved intersection of the surgical corridor with visualized tracts. Consistently, >80% of the surgeons surveyed felt that tractography added value in their surgical planning. The clinical utility of tractography in preoperative planning varies as a function of surgeon and the tumor anatomy, with >80% of the participating surgeons believing that tractography added value in preoperative surgical planning.

Rebalancing commercial and public interests in prioritizing biomedical, social and environmental aspects of health through defining and managing conflicts of interest.

Biomedical research is intended to benefit human beings and their health. Toward that end, scientific norms involve examining and criticizing the work of others and prioritizing questions that should be studied. Yet, in areas of health research where industry is active, it has often utilized well-honed strategies aimed at evading scientific standards and at dominating the research agenda, largely through its financial support and lack of transparency of its research practices. These tactics have now been documented to uniformly support industry products. Commercial entities are aided in this pursuit by public policy that has significantly embedded commercial interests and agendas into federal research funding and infrastructure. Therefore, to understand the resulting landscape and its effect on priority in health research agendas, traditional definitions of individual conflicts of interest (COI) and the less well developed institutional COI must be supplemented by a new construct of structural COI, largely operating as intellectual monopolies, in support of industry. These arrangements often result in financial and reputational resources that assure dominance of commercial priorities in research agendas, crowding out any other interests and ignoring justified returns to the public from investment of its tax dollars. There is no sustained attention to mechanisms by which public interests can be heard, normative issues raised, and then balanced with commercial interests which are transparently reported. Focus on research supporting approval of commercial products ignores social and environmental determinants of health. Commercial bias can invalidate regulatory research protections through obscuring valid risk-benefit ratios considered by IRBs.

TikTok and YouTube Videos on Overactive Bladder Exhibit Poor Quality and Diversity.

We sought to assess the quality, understandability, actionability, and diversity of speakers in videos on TikTok and YouTube regarding overactive bladder. Using Application Program Interface, the top 500 TikTok and 120 YouTube videos on overactive bladder were retrieved. Videos unrelated to overactive bladder, those not in English, longer than 10 minutes, or lacking both text and audio were excluded. Surgical technique videos for providers were also excluded. Videos were scored by trained raters using 2 validated instruments: PEMAT (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool) for actionability and understandability, and the DISCERN instrument for quality of consumer health information. We also examined for evidence of misinformation and commercial bias. One hundred thirty-six TikTok videos and 75 YouTube videos met inclusion criteria. Eighty-eight percent of TikTok videos had poor PEMAT actionability scores (a score below 75%), as compared to 60% of YouTube videos. Both YouTube and TikTok videos scored low on PEMAT understandability. Ninety-eight percent of TikTok videos and 65% of YouTube videos were poor quality (DISCERN score <3). YouTube videos had higher actionability and quality than TikTok videos (P < .001) but did not differ on understandability (P = .769). Twenty-three percent of TikTok and 11% of YouTube videos had high misinformation (score >3). Commercial bias was present in 10% of TikTok and 19% of YouTube videos. Actionability, understandability, and quality for overactive bladder-related content is poor on YouTube and TikTok. With increasing access to social media, it is important that health care providers and organizations invest resources in patient education on health literacy.

&amp;lsquo;I Flip the Switch&amp;rsquo;: Aboriginal Entrepreneurs&amp;rsquo; Navigation of Entrepreneurial Imperatives

Culture is integral to Indigenous entrepreneurs, but how culture manifests in their entrepreneurial processes is understudied. This paper explores how Aboriginal entrepreneurs in Perth, Australia navigate cultural and commercial imperatives in their entrepreneurial practice. The study uses an interpretive lens and thematic analysis based on Altman’s hybrid economy model (HEM) to explore how ten Aboriginal entrepreneurs managed commercially viable enterprises while meeting their cultural obligations and aspirations. The focus is on the convergence of the customary and market economies and entrepreneurs’ experiences of navigating the hybridity of that space. We find that Aboriginal entrepreneurs iteratively assess the complementarity of cultural and commercial imperatives to protect their Indigenous identity while meeting business objectives. Cultural and commercial imperatives are navigated using context-dependent strategies. Strategies fall within fluid classifications of ‘high cultural–low commercial bias’, ‘high commercial–low cultural bias’, and an even consideration of both. We propose a contingency model to help explain Indigenous entrepreneurs’ approaches to navigating customary and commercial imperatives. This study contributes to knowledge of culture in Indigenous entrepreneurship by uncovering strategies Indigenous entrepreneurs can, and do, use to conduct business in ways culturally attuned to their indigeneity and situations.

Prostate cancer and podcasts: an analysis and assessment of the quality of information about prostate cancer available on podcasts.

Podcasts represent a new source of information for patients and families dealing with prostate cancer, but no studies have been conducted evaluating the quality of information in them. Evaluating for: (1) quality based on the validated DISCERN criteria, (2) understandability and actionability based on the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), (3) misinformation, and (4) commercial bias, we concluded that podcasts are currently not good sources of information for lay health consumers.