COMMENT IN REPLY Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Instagram Sebagai Media Pemasaran Online PT. Justatrip Sahabat Perjalanan

Pemanfaatan Instagram Sebagai Media Pemasaran Online PT. Justatrip Sahabat Perjalanan

The influence of the deliberative quality of user comments on the number and quality of their reply comments

Comment sections below news posts on social media pages of news outlets provide spaces for user engagement and public discussions. However, from the normative perspective of deliberative discussions, user comments often lack quality. We analyze how deliberative characteristics of Facebook user comments, namely, reciprocity, respect, rationality, and constructiveness, can influence the number and deliberative quality of the reply comments they receive. The manual content analysis shows that rationality in top comments increases the number of replies; additionally, respect, rationality, and constructiveness in top comments increase the occurrence of these characteristics in replies. The findings support assumptions about the involvement mechanisms in commenting behavior and the applicability of social norm theory in online discussions. They contribute to understanding spirals of deliberation as well as those of incivility.

Comparative study on sentimental analysis using machine learning techniques

With the advancement of the Internet and the world wide web (WWW), it is observed that there is an exponential growth of data and information across the internet. In addition, there is a huge growth in digital or textual data generation. This is because users post the reply comments in social media websites based on the experiences about an event or product. Furthermore, people are interested to know whether the majority of potential buyers will have a positive or negative experience on the event or the product. This kind of classification in general can be attained through Sentiment Analysis which inputs unstructured text comments about the product reviews, events, etc., from all the reviews or comments posted by users. This further classifies the data into different categories namely positive, negative or neutral opinions. Sentiment analysis can be performed by different machine learning models like CNN, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, XgBoost, Logistic Regression etc. The proposed work is compared with the existing solutions in terms of different performance metrics and XgBoost outperforms out of all other methods.

“My Money and My Heart”: Buying a Birkin and Boundary Work Online

Abstract YouTube videos document the purchase and “unboxing” of status goods, highlighting the intense emotional fervor that follows. Commenters respond with praise while expressing envy for the goods on their person. Taken together, online videos and the comments that attend them raise a number of questions about how we evaluate fashion purchases and the boundaries and inequalities these purchases bring to light. Using a sample of 10 widely viewed online videos and over 2,700 public comments in reply to these, I provide an analysis of boundary work in a context of extreme privilege. I do this with a critical eye towards the ways in which commenters leverage envy and aspiration to both bridge boundaries and draw distinctions online.

Number of reply comments (User Comments/Interactions)

The variable ‘number of reply comments’ is an indicator of interactivity in online discussions. The number of reply comments is a simple measure of how much response a user comment has received. It is applicable if platforms that host comment sections offer the technical possibility to users to respond directly to existing user comments. The reply comments (also called ‘sub-level comments’ or ‘child comments’) then usually appear indented below the existing user comment they refer to (also called ‘top-level comment’ or ‘parent comment’). The measure does not provide information about the quality of the interaction between the commenters. It neither covers interactivity that occurs “outside” of comment threads below top-level comments, i.e. commenters responding in new top-level comments instead of sub-level comments. Field of application/theoretical foundation: Normative approaches to discourse ethics (e.g. Habermas, 1992) evaluate interactivity as a prerequisite for high-quality discourses. Example studies: Medium Measure Unit of analysis Studies Online; online discussions below news posts Number of reply comments (sub-level comments) to a top-level comment Individual user comments Naab & Küchler (work in progress) Info about variables Variable name/definition: Anzahl der Antwortkommentare auf einen Nutzerkommentar Operationalization/coding instructions: Manuell: Zählen Sie die Kind-Kommentare (Antwortkommentare, Second-Level-Kommentare), die zu einem Eltern-Kommentar (Top-Level-Kommentar) verfasst wurden und tragen die Anzahl ein. Automatisiert: Sofern ein Datensatz alle Nutzerkommentare eines Kommentarthreads, Informationen über das Eltern- bzw. Kind-Level jedes Kommentars sowie eine Zuordnung aller Kind-Kommentare zu einem Eltern-Kommentar enthält, ist es möglich, die Anzahl der Kind-Kommentare für jeden Eltern-Kommentar per Auswertungssoftware zu aggregieren. Level of analysis: Kommentarthread (Eltern-Kommentar + alle zugehörigen Kind-Kommentare/Antwortkommentare)

Comment on Gjestland, T. A Systematic Review of the Basis for WHO's New Recommendation for Limiting Aircraft Noise Annoyance. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. Health 2018, 15, 2717.

In his recent discussion paper in this journal, Truls Gjestland attempts a “systematic review”, as he calls it, of the evidence base for aircraft noise annoyance, consolidated in a meta-analysis by Guski et al. that informed the recommended guideline value of 45 dB Lden in the recently published World Health Organization (WHO) Environmental Noise Guidelines. He questions the validity of the presented evidence, as “some of the referenced studies have not been conducted according to standardized methods, and the selection of respondents is not representative of the general airport population.” Gjestland maintains that the new WHO Guidelines are based on a questionable selection of existing aircraft noise studies. Our reply comments on the arguments of Gjestland and refutes most of his critique.

O Conservadorismo como ideologia: Contribuições da ciência das redes para a linguística sistêmico funcional

Tenho por objetivo discutir sobre o discurso do ódio em uma Mídia Social. O corpus de pesquisa é composto por mais de 9.000 comentários resposta ao anúncio de uma exposição de Queer Art em um museu porto-alegrense. Tenho como fundamentação a Sistêmico e a Avaliatividade, utilizando de procedimentos da Ciência das Redes para análise das interações e dos dados linguísticos. Resultados demonstram a criação de um sistema de representação baseado na oposição entre exposição e os valores religiosos, levando a estratégias baseadas na sua demonização, além de enxovalhos dirigidos a artistas, curadores e a entidade patrocinadora.

Distribution of the isopod Excirolana braziliensis on sandy beaches of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 583:137-148 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12333 Distribution of the isopod Excirolana braziliensis on sandy beaches of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Gastón Martínez1,2,*, Matías Arim1,2, Omar Defeo1,2 1Centro Universitario de la Región Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Ruta 9 y Ruta 15, PC 27000 Rocha, Uruguay 2Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, PC 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay *Corresponding author: gmartinez@cure.edu.uy ABSTRACT: We assessed geographic patterns of abundance of the isopod Excirolana braziliensis across its whole distribution range in the context of the abundant centre hypothesis (ACH). We also evaluated auxiliary hypotheses to the ACH involving habitat availability and suitability. We compiled species abundance and occurrence information on 139 Pacific and Atlantic sandy beaches of the Americas. Abundance patterns were contrasted against 5 hypothetical distribution models. Habitat availability (sandy beach along the coast), and the role played by grain size on isopod abundance were analysed. Maximum entropy niche modelling based on primary production, salinity, water temperature and tidal range data was used to estimate trends in habitat suitability. E. braziliensis abundance peaked at the 2 edges of its range on the Atlantic coast and towards the centre of its range on the Pacific coast. Congruently, the niche model predicted very low habitat suitability at the centre of the species’ range on the Atlantic coast. Primary production was the main contribution to the model (74.8%). The highest abundances were found in fine sediments (0.20 mm). Support for the ACH for E. braziliensis was found only for the Pacific coast, whereas habitat suitability and availability together with local in-beach morphodynamics accounted for deviations from ACH predictions in the Atlantic. The highest abundances registered in upwelling areas and on beaches with fine sands highlight the primary role played by regional and local conditions over geographic location. KEY WORDS: Abundant-centre hypothesis · Habitat availability · Primary production · Salinity · Sandy beaches · Surface water temperature Full text in pdf format Supplementary materialSee Comment and Reply Comment on this article PreviousNextCite this article as: Martínez G, Arim M, Defeo O (2017) Distribution of the isopod Excirolana braziliensis on sandy beaches of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 583:137-148. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12333 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 583. Online publication date: November 16, 2017 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research.

Clarifying Scar Revision Techniques and Their Proper Use-Reply.

Clarifying Scar Revision Techniques and Their Proper Use-Reply.

What is a ‘significant portion’ of a range? Reply to Nelson et al. (2016)

ESR Endangered Species Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials ESR 30:191-192 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00742 REPLY COMMENT What is a ‘significant portion’ of a range? Reply to Nelson et al. (2016) Robin S. Waples1,*, Peter B. Adams2, James A. Bohnsack3, Barbara L. Taylor4 1Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA 2Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 3Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149, USA 4Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA *Corresponding author: robin.waples@noaa.gov ABSTRACT: Contrary to the claim by Nelson et al. (2016; Endang Species Res 30:187–190), no court has rejected the biological framework we proposed for interpreting the ‘significant portion of its range’ (SPOIR) language in the US Endangered Species Act. The relative importance placed on current vs. historical range during implementation will be important in determining the success of the new ESA SPOIR policy. KEY WORDS: Endangered species · Risk analysis · Policy · Anthropocentric Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Waples RS, Adams PB, Bohnsack JA, Taylor BL (2016) What is a ‘significant portion’ of a range? Reply to Nelson et al. (2016). Endang Species Res 30:191-192. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00742 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in ESR Vol. 30. Online publication date: May 31, 2016 Print ISSN: 1863-5407; Online ISSN: 1613-4796 Copyright © 2016 Inter-Research.

Nearby farms are a source of lice for wild salmonids: a reply to Jansen et al. (2016)

Jansen et al. (2016; Aquacult Environ Interact 8:349�350) question the regression analysis presented in Serra-Llinares et al. (2014; Aquacult Environ Interact 5:1�16), which corre- lates lice abundances on farmed and wild fish. Jansen et al. (2016) argue that the correlation might not reflect a cause-effect relationship but be instead a mere artifact of the spatio-temporal covari- ance in lice abundance on farmed and wild fish driven by temperature. In this Reply Comment we revisit the analysis presented in Serra-Llinares et al. (2014) and further re-analyze our data follow- ing the statistical approach used by Helland et al. (2015; Aquacult Environ Interact 7:267�280), to rule out the potential confounding effect of temperature. We conclude that Jansen et al. (2016) were correct in conveying part of the observed correlation to the effect of temperature; however, there is solid evidence of a significant influence of lice originating from nearby farms on the observed lice abundances on wild fish, even after the effect of temperature is accounted for.

Comments and Reply Comments on “Cooperative Density Estimation in Random Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”

In Onur et al. ["Cooperative density estimation in random wireless ad hoc networks," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 16, no. 3, 269 pp. 331-333, Mar. 2012], two novel density estimation (DE) approaches in wireless random networks were introduced by Onur et al., which are carried out respectively in cooperative and individual fashions. Both of them were derived via the maximum likelihood (ML) method. However, an implicit but fatal error was made obtaining the individual DE (I-DE) approach. This letter comments on Onur et al. and points out the aforementioned error. By investigating the distance order statistics (DOS) distributions in the random networks, the correct I-DE approach is presented and discussed. Simulation results also show that the correct I-DE outperforms the wrong one. More importantly, a new method that can obtain any univariate or multivariate DOS distribution is demonstrated, which is expected to be helpful for the study of the wireless communications and networking.

Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevrimiçi Tartışma Ortamlarına Yönelik Görüşleri

Do online discussion environments provide affective opportunities to the pre-service teachers? What are the opinions and the expectations of the pre-service teachers to create more affective online discussion environments that motived the online participation? Departing from these questions, this research aimed to present some suggestions to create more affective online discussion environments that motived the online participation. The study data were collected from focus group interviews of pre-service teachers who have experience on online learning environments and online discussions. The study group consisted of 84 pre-service teachers whose grade were between 3rd year and 4th year. The study had conducted between fall semester of the 2007-2008 academic year and fall semester of the 2010-2011 academic year. Open-ended questions like “what are your reasons to participate or not to online discussion environment”, “what are your expectations from these environments” and “in which environment you would learn better” were asked to participants of focus group interviews. The obtained data were divided to the themes by content analysis. As a result of this study, seven themes were formed. These themes are Participation Forms, Hierarchical Structure, Feedback System, Discussion Topics, Comment Tracking, Expression of Instant Response and Visual Design. Some of the suggestions developed from these themes are online comments would be in visual and audible formats by adding visual and audible materials as well as having done in text format, therefore comment tracing would allow listening and watching, comments would be listed in an appropriate sorting methodology, reply comments would be displayed in different color and with quantity

Conservatism and ideology

1. Introduction: Conservatism and ideology Matthew Johnson 2. What does it take to be a true conservative? Martin Beckstein Reply Identifying true conservatives: a reply to Beckstein Joseph V. Femia 3. The conservative minimum: historical and transcendent subject Dogancan Ozsel Reply From David Hume to Sarah Palin? The troubled search for common features of political 'conservatism': a reply to Ozsel Stuart McAnulla 4. The unconscious Indianization of 'Western' conservatism - is Indian conservatism a universal model? Bjorn Goldstein Reply Comment on Goldstein and conservatism in India and elsewhere Kieron O'Hara 5. 'The weaker-willed, the craven-hearted': the decline of One Nation Conservatism Peter Dorey and Mark Garnett Reply The demise of the One Nation tradition Richard Hayton 6. Neoliberalism, conservative politics, and 'social recapitalization' Edward Ashbee Reply Neoliberalism, conservative politics and 'social recapitalization': a reply Andrew Gamble 7. The rhetoric of neoliberalism in the politics of crisis Andrew Scott Crines Reply The rhetoric of neoliberalism in the politics of crisis: a reply to Andrew Scott Crines Peter Dorey 8. Government open data and transparency: Oakeshott, civil association and the general will Kieron O'Hara Reply Government open data and transparency: Oakeshott, civil association and the general will: a reply to O'Hara Mark Garnett 9. Book Review Symposium: Reconstructing conservatism? The Conservative Party in Opposition, 1997-2010, By Richard Hayton Review by Mark Garnett Reconstruction or repackaging? A review Murray Stewart Leith Reply: The strange survival of Tory conservatism Richard Hayton 10. Book Review Symposium: The Conservatives since 1945: The Drivers of Party Change, By Tim Bale Review by David M. Walker Review by Jim Buller Reply by Tim Bale

The Cape Town Convention and The Risk of Renationalization: A Comment in Reply to Jeffrey Wool and Andrej Jonovic

This comment is in response to an article by Jeffrey Wool and Andrej Jonovic in which they explore the relationship between transnational commercial treaties and national law at the moment of implementation of those treaties within a State's domestic legal system. This comment argues that, in reality, national law poses the greatest danger to the predictability and uniformity intended by transnational commercial treaties at the later-occurring stages of interpretation and enforcement. The comment first considers how the framework developed by Wool and Jonovic for identifying the proper boundaries of national and transnational law does not account for the eventual shifting of those boundaries over time through the “renationalization” of supposedly transnationalized laws. The comment cites examples of that shift that are already taking place in certain States' enforcement of the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment (The Cape Town Convention). It goes on to describe the circumstances under which courts further renationalize treaty law through a variety of interpretive choices they must inevitably confront. The comment then examines the two most commonly employed safeguards against renationalization and applies them to the Cape Town Convention. The first safeguard is autonomous interpretation, a doctrine which is in fact written into the Cape Town Convention. The comment summarizes some of the research on the doctrine's effectiveness in the enforcement of another transnational commercial treaty, the Convention on the International Sale of Goods, and contemplates what that history may presage for autonomous interpretation of Cape Town. Finally, the comment turns to the second commonly utilized safeguard against renationalization, investor-State dispute settlement, which pertains mostly to the State administration and enforcement of a treaty's provisions rather than their judicial or agency interpretation. Because these dispute settlement clauses have become increasingly controversial in recent years, the comment surveys the prospects for bringing Cape Town claims under the dispute resolution provisions of existing international investment treaties as an alternative to amending the Convention to include a freestanding investor-State dispute settlement mechanism.

Reply to “Cooperative constrained inversion of multiple electromagnetic data sets” (Michael S. McMillan and Douglas W. Oldenburg, 2014, Geophysics, 79, no. 4, B173–B185)

We thank Andre Revil for his interest in our paper (McMillan and Oldenburg, 2014) and for raising some concerns, and we would like to add a few comments in reply. Mr. Revil mentions in his discussion two assumptions that have been made in our paper. The first is that the electric conductivity of rocks containing metallic ores, such as sulfides, is frequency dependent. The second assumption states that we expect to see conductive anomalies in the presence of sulfide and gold mineralization, which goes against theoretical and laboratory studies outlined in Revil (2014). These assumptions are closely connected, and their relevance in interpretation depends upon the total chargeability of the material, the range of electromagnetic (EM) frequencies used in the analysis, and the conductivity values of the various rock units. The frequency dependence of sulfide-bearing rocks is a well-researched phenomenon, and for completeness it could have been addressed in our original paper (e.g., Pelton et al., 1978; Mahan, 1986). The goal of our paper was to present a practical strategy for cooperatively/jointly inverting data from multiple EM surveys to delineate conductive and resistive structures that have important consequences for a field exploration program. Although frequency dependence of conductivity is potentially a factor, when compared with the cumulative effect of other assumptions that are necessary to invert field data (e.g., precise knowledge of survey parameters, uncertainties assigned to data, and stopping criteria for the inversion), we believe that formally including this complicating factor would not have substantially altered the outcome of the paper. It also would not have aided the original goal of presenting …

Reply Comments of New Media Rights in the Matter of Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet

New Media Rights' reply comments in the FCC's Open Internet proceeding. We focus on a series of claims by broadband providers that are not supported in the record, and amount to a "take our word for it" approach. As with our initial comments, our goal is meaningful, defensible protections for the Open Internet under Title II of the Communications Act. This reply comment covers the following subjects: 1) Large broadband provider claims that competition alone will protect the Open Internet lack any reliable data to back up this claim. In fact, some key data providers rely on expressly says it is. 2) Large broadband providers' claim that Section 706 is ample authority, and Title II is unnecessary. They make this argument because they know that 706 is so weak that they will be able to challenge and likely win against any kind of meaningful enforcement of Open Internet policy by the FCC. 3) Large broadband provider claims that Internet access is the same as the information services and content that pass through the network are technologically inaccurate. Now is the time for FCC to correct this definitional error and stop allowing broadband providers to circumvent the plain language meaning of what is considered an information service. 4) FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler has said there is "only one Internet." Large broadband provider claims that mobile broadband and fixed broadband should have significantly different rules goes against the idea of one Internet, and network management exceptions handle any variations in the two technologies.

Respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study: response to a “letter to the editor”

Dear Sir, We thank Dr. Donmez for his comments on our publication in Neuroradiology [1], and we would like to make the following comments in reply. He noted that the normal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of our cases may not be associated with a good prognosis if brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion study was performed in the subacute phase of cytotoxic edema, in which restricted diffusion start to diminish and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values increase. We agree with him that timing is important in brain MRI with diffusion study in patients with encephalitis, and DWI may be less sensitive when there is a time delay between the onset of the disease and imaging. In all three of our cases, the pediatric physicians decided to performDWIwithin the first 12 h and conventional brainMRI within the first 3 days immediately after meaningful neurologic symptom onset. There was no definite restriction on the diffusion study including ADC map in our cases. So we could not find the evidence of cytotoxic edema induced by encephalitis at acute phase in our cases by using diffusion study [2]. As we expected, these patients showed favorable outcome with supportive management. In a previous report, enterovirus 71-related encephalomyelitis with brainMRI and DWI study, we experienced that four of five patients did not reveal definite restriction on the diffusion study, who gradually recovered with conservative treatment without sequelae. But, one case with restricted diffusion in the lesion of the hippocampus showed the atrophic change on follow-up study [3]. Consequently, we consider that no definite restriction on the diffusion study in the early phase of the RSV-related encephalitis may provide evidence for the reversibility of the lesion, which is not progressed to cytotoxic edema and it is associated with favorable outcomes [4, 5]. As Dr. Donmez commented, DWI is superior to conventional MRI in detecting irreversible cytotoxic edema especially at acute phase of encephalitis. However, it may be less sensitive at later phase due to dynamic pathologic changes. It is needed to be considered and discussed at further study.

Salmon lice infection on wild salmonids in marine protected areas: an evaluation of the Norwegian ‘National Salmon Fjords’

AEI Aquaculture Environment Interactions Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AEI 5:1-16 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00090 FEATURE ARTICLE Salmon lice infection on wild salmonids in marine protected areas: an evaluation of the Norwegian ‘National Salmon Fjords’ R. M. Serra-Llinares1,*, P. A. Bjørn1, B. Finstad2, R. Nilsen1, A. Harbitz1, M. Berg2, L. Asplin1 1Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 6404, 9294 Tromsø, Norway 2Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685, 7485 Trondheim, Norway *Corresponding author: rosa.maria.serra.llinares@imr.no ABSTRACT: In Norway, 29 fjords and 52 rivers have been designated for protection in order to prevent the infection of important populations of wild salmonids with salmon lice of farm origin. We evaluated the effect of this protection on the lice infection pressure for wild salmonids based on lice counts performed on wild-caught sea trout and Arctic charr inside one-third of these protected fjords (known as ‘National Salmon Fjords’). Results indicate that these areas may provide a certain extent of protection against lice of farm origin, but their configuration will play a key role in their success. When the size and shape of a protected area are such that fish farms are kept at a minimum distance (calculated here as at least 30 km, but this distance is likely site-dependent), wild fish seem unaffected by the direct lice infection pressure imposed by fish farms. In contrast, the effects of small protected fjords were strongly dependent on the production pattern of the aquaculture industry in the surrounding area, and we found a clear correlation between lice levels on wild salmonids and lice production in nearby salmon farms. To establish more precise management practices, both in National Salmon Fjords and other fjord systems along the Norwegian coast, the development and validation of accurate distribution and abundance models for the dispersion of planktonic lice larvae is needed; this could also be the basis for an area management system based on ‘maximum sustainable lice loads’ or ‘lice quotas.’ KEY WORDS: Sea trout · Salmo trutta · Arctic charr · Salvelinus alpinus · Lepeophtheirus salmonis · Area protection Full text in pdf format Information about this Feature Article COMMENT and REPLY COMMENT NextCite this article as: Serra-Llinares RM, Bjørn PA, Finstad B, Nilsen R, Harbitz A, Berg M, Asplin L (2014) Salmon lice infection on wild salmonids in marine protected areas: an evaluation of the Norwegian ‘National Salmon Fjords’. Aquacult Environ Interact 5:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00090 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AEI Vol. 5, No. 1. Online publication date: February 05, 2014 Print ISSN: 1869-215X; Online ISSN: 1869-7534 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research.

Minmax solutions for underdetermined isotope mixing problems: Reply to Semmens et al. (2013)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 490:291-294 (2013) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10536 REPLY COMMENT Minmax solutions for underdetermined isotope mixing problems: Reply to Semmens et al. (2013) Brian Fry* Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia *Email: b.fry@griffith.edu.au ABSTRACT: Stable isotope tracers are used to solve ecological problems, and sophisticated modelling approaches are now available to help interpret measured isotope data. However, models such as IsoSource and SIAR can go a step too far in producing mean and median values when there are too many sources and not enough tracers. The models solve these underdetermined problems by assuming that some of the many possible or feasible solutions are more likely than others. I promote the alternative idea that all feasible solutions are equally likely, and support use of minimum and maximum (‘minmax’) solutions as the appropriate way to view results from underdetermined systems. KEY WORDS: Stable isotopes · Mixing models · Tracers · Food web · IsoSource · SIAR Full text in pdf format PreviousCite this article as: Fry B (2013) Minmax solutions for underdetermined isotope mixing problems: Reply to Semmens et al. (2013). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 490:291-294. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10536 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 490. Online publication date: September 17, 2013 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2013 Inter-Research.