Command Information System Research Articles

지상전술 C4I체계 특허기반 기술 동향분석에 관한 연구

In this research, we analyzed the patent trends of core technologies among ATCIS(Army Tactical Command Information System). The core technologies of the C4I System are the information data integrate, COP(Common Operational Picture), system interoperability technology, As for the search country for the key technology trends, the analysis period was limited from 1990 to 2020 for the published and registered patent document in Korea, US, China, Japan, and Europe which are major patent application countries. To analyze the technology trend of the core technology of the ATICS, a technology classification diagram was prepared, and search terms were derived based on this. After the search was executed, valid data was detected, and the data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed to draw up a technology plow chart to derive the domestic and foreign technology level results of the core technology. This paper intends to provide technical information necessary for system development of the ATCIS in the future by identifying the flow of technology development of the C4I system and the latest development trends in major countries.

Application Research on Combat Simulation Automation based on Intelligent Speech Interaction

Combat simulation test is the main means of evaluating command information systems. In order to improve the intelligence and efficiency of simulation experiment, the method of applying intelligent speech interaction technology (ISIT) to the simulation experiment automation process is proposed. The application processes of speech instruction recognition, instruction element analysis, data instruction generation and speech synthesis feedback are designed based on human-machine ISIT. Meanwhile, taking the air combat command and guidance scene an example, the command and guidance voice instruction database is constructed, and the speech interaction simulation experiment is designed and verified. The results show that ISIT can effectively reduce the number of commanders and operators in air combat simulation test, and improve test efficiency.

Construction of Teaching Effectiveness Evaluation System for Command Information System Major Based on Kirkpatrick Model

Construction of Teaching Effectiveness Evaluation System for Command Information System Major Based on Kirkpatrick Model

Reliability evaluation of command information system under different attack modes

Based on the basic structure of the typical command information system network, the model has been divided into physical layer and information layer. According to the whole network efficiency and reliability, five functional characteristics quantity are selected as the reliability evaluation indexes when the system is attacked randomly or deliberately. With the model we established, reliability changes of the constructed system are compared of different attack modes. The results provide evidence that the system reliability change obviously in different attack modes which should be special focused in practical application.

시스템의 기술적 특성 및 개인특성이 상황인식과 의사결정에 미치는 영향 : 육군전술지휘정보시스템(ATCIS) 활용을 중심으로

This study aims to identify the effects of the technological and individual characteristics of army tactical command information system (ATCIS) on situation awareness and decision making, under the concept of network-centric modern warfare. On the basis of adaptive structuration theory and situation awareness theory, we consider the technological characteristics of the system as real time, convergence, and information visualization effect. System experience and IT capability are used as the variables for individual characteristics. We hypothesize that these variables affect users’situation awareness which leads to their decision making. A field survey is administered to the Republic of Korea (ROK) Army officers who have experienced using the system for more than six months.BR Survey results show that excluding real time, convergence and information visualization effect influence users’situation awareness. Users’ system experience and IT capability also increase situation awareness. The higher the degree of users’ situation awareness, the better their decision making. Theoretically, this study implies thatthe effects of the technological and individual characteristics of ATCIS on situation awareness must be investigated. Practically, our study guides and suggests development plans for the ATCIS to the ROK Army.

A review of military knowledge models

In the process of operation command, the commanders often face a mass of battlefield information information, which mixed with many useless or even false information, This will seriously affect the commander’s timely decision-making, and would not meet the requirements of "agile command" for future operations, By constructing military knowledge model, the fault problem of command information system can be eliminated,and finally, the commander will change from "information" to "knowledge".This paper introduces the main contents and related technologies of military knowledge model, and summarizes the development and challenges of military knowledge model.

Nova metodologija projektovanja taktičkih integrisanih telekomunikacionih i računarskih mreža za OPNET simulaciju

This paper present a novel methodological approach in the design of integrated tactical telecommunications and computer networks for command information system and defining the elements for the OPNET simulation model. The elements proposed for design of network information architecture. For that purpose, the way established to set up relationships between elements that uses for network topologies design, building of network elements and network traffic. They are integrated with its parameters in the preliminary model defined by an OPNET simulation model. We propose the measure of efficiency for accomplishment of tactical command requirements to use the design model network. This measure of efficiency is mean time delay that described with mathematical relations, involving the communication parameters speed of generating traffic, packet size, link capacity and adequately reflects the projected network. Furthermore, the applications of the proposed approach and given instructions allow to designers full examination of the network architecture, and provide translation into preliminary model and design OPNET simulation model.

Modeling of Interaction in Command-information Systems with Dynamic Replicas

In this paper we introduce an approach to describing the interaction of subscribers – carriers of sensors in information and reconnaissance systems. The approach is based on the use of a special class of graphs – dynamic graphs, defined as a sequence of "classical" static graphs, the transition between which is carried out by various graph operations (deleting / adding an edge, deleting / adding a vertex, replacing the vertex with a seed, priority joining vertices and edges, and etc.). The paper also formulated the task of forming an optimal topology in the network of subscribers – information and reconnaissance systems, taking into account the dynamics of communications between subscribers. Specific cases of the problem and their solutions are described, in which heredity is observed, i. e. the preservation of the solution with specified deviations in conditions of changing communications between subscribers of the network.

装备机动投送指挥及保障信息系统研究与构建

装备机动投送指挥及保障信息系统研究与构建

The role of war games in the operational planning process

Over the past several decades, most regional and local conflicts have merely been the scenarios prepared in advance in the kitchens of great powers. The aforesaid scenarios are practically tested on simulation-based models that are formed as war games, which considerably save resources and improve the strategic and operational-tactical planning process. Information technology has had the decisive impact on the development of war games resulting in the fact that various software packages have been developed, as well as the systems which provide support to commands and HQs in a decision-making process at all command and control levels. The findings showing that resources can be rationally exploited and financial funds considerably saved indicate the efficiency of applying war games in the operational planning process and cause specific simulation-based models to be developed in commands and HQs of modern armed forces. The aim of this paper is to point out the role and importance of war games in the operational planning process. To that end, various models of war games have been analyzed, along with the possibility of applying them in the operational planning process and activities conducted by the commands and HQs of the Serbian Armed Forces. The paper examines the disadvantages of models that have already been applied in the drill of the Serbian Armed Forces units, at the same time indicating the modern models of war games. The topic has been addressed through four items: 1) the term and characteristics of war games; 2) the elements of war games; 3) the structure of war games and 4) the application of war games in the operational planning process. It has been concluded by the research results that war games are an integral and inseparable part of the operational planning process in modern armed forces and that they are implemented as various models for making decisions during the preparation and execution of combat actions and armed conflicts. The collected findings have shown that war games are an integral part of the operational planning process in the Serbian Armed Forces too, as well as that the level they have reached is not satisfactory and should be improved by being more comprehensively implemented in commands and HQs, provided that automated command-information systems have previously been established. Ensuring that the above-mentioned conditions are met at all command and control levels would contribute to introducing a decision-making support system in an organized manner and improving the efficiency of the operational planning process, and thus making timely decisions while conducting missions and tasks of the Serbian Armed Forces.

靶场测控设备集群协同作战及指挥信息系统设计与实现

靶场测控设备集群协同作战及指挥信息系统设计与实现

The Research of Multi-sensor Data Fusion Technology

Multi-source information from multi-sensors is very important to command information system. Processed multi-source information can offer useful decision information to commander. On the basis of explaining concept, function and advantage of multi-sensor data fusion, the common model of the data fusion was introduced. Multi-sensor data fusion technologies and system structure of multi-sensor data fusion were analyzed.

A model-driven approach to survivability requirement assessment for critical systems

Survivability is a crucial property for those systems – such as critical infrastructures or military Command and Control Information Systems – that provide essential services, since the latter must be operational even when the system is compromised due to attack or faults. This article proposes a model-driven method and a tool – MASDES– to assess the survivability requirements of critical systems. The method exploits the use of (1) (mis)use case technique and UML profiling for the specification of the survivability requirements and (2) Petri nets and model checking techniques for the requirement assessment. A survivability assessment model is obtained from an improved specification of misuse cases, which encompasses essential services, threats and survivability strategies. The survivability assessment model is then converted into a Petri net model for verifying survivability properties through model checking. The MASDES tool has been developed within the Eclipse workbench and relies on Papyrus tool for UML. It consists of a set of plug-ins that enable (1) to create a survivability system view using UML and profiling techniques and (2) to verify survivability properties. In particular, the tool performs model transformations in two steps. First, a model-to-model transformation generates, from the survivability view, a Petri net model and properties to be checked in a tool-independent format. Second, model-to-text transformations produce the Petri net specifications for the model checkers. A military Command and Control Information Systems has been used as a case study to apply the method and to evaluate the MASDES tool, within an iterative-incremental software development process.

Assimilation of military group decision support systems in Korea

The successful assimilation of group decision support systems (GDSS) in the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) systems of military organizations is critical for making fast and accurate modern military operations decisions. This study empirically examines factors affecting military group decision support systems’ (MGDSS) assimilation and the mediating effect of structural appropriation in the Korean Army in a technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. Two hundred and forty-eight users or former users of the Army Tactical Command Information System (ATCIS) participated in the survey and a partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used to analyze the data. The results found that institutional pressure (IP) has the strongest effect on structural appropriation, followed by IT infrastructure (ITI) and top management support (TMS). Structural appropriation plays a significant mediating part between the TOE factors and MGDSS assimilation. The results provide implications and contribute valuable insights for military organizations’ successful assimilation of MGDSS.

Design for the Emergency Command Information System Architecture of Ocean Oil Spill

On the basis of defining the Ocean Oil Spill Information Services and in order to improve the efficiency of disposal and command of more frequent ocean oil spill accidents, the SOA (service oriented architecture) and P2P (peer-to-peer) are utilized to design the physical framework and functional framework of the emergency ocean oil spill command information systems. The goal in this is to study the composition and structure of each framework. The emergency command information system of ocean oil spill is built on C4ISR (command, control, communication, computer, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance) architectural framework that is composed of command view, system view, and technology view. The physical framework of the command information system architecture is characterized by a multi-layer structure. The node is divided into LSP (local service peer), GSP (group service peer) and CSP (common service peer). Each system and software set can be encapsulated as part of the Ocean Oil Spill Information Services, with each service being capable of serving as a local service node. Furthermore, each local service node participates within a peer group. According to the service purpose and granularity, the functional framework is divided into physical resource layer, data layer, support service layer, application layer. Data layer mainly includes communication protocol, message format, data type, and various database, etc. Support service layer includes storage management service, information distribution service, service management, human-computer interactive service, resource sharing service and information security service, etc. Application layer includes situation generating service, emergency plan service, emergency command service, emergency assessment service, communication support service, navigation and positioning service, etc. We draw conclusions that the information system architecture proposed in the paper has more prominent reliability and flexibility through contrastive analysis of similar information system architecture, and lay foundations for research intoocean oil spill service-oriented command information systems.

A Method for Command Business Services Selection Based on Execution Efficiency and Reliability Restraint

Due to specific requirement of command business in command information system, reliability and excution efficiency of command business are put particular emphasis. So the two factors had been seen as primary consideration conditions when command business services selection methods were researched. In view of reliability of multiple command business redundancy, a method for command business services selection based on execution efficiency and reliability restraint was put forward by introducing idea of software fault-tolerant in services selection stage. Within this method, the reliability computation method of command business composite services was given and the selection model of command business adding execution efficiency restraint was presented. Finally, the services selection algorithm and experiments were designed to confirm the method.

Research on Reliability of Command Business Composite Services in Joint Command Information System

Basing on reliability requirement of command business composite services in joint command information system, a redundancy based reliability evaluation model and computing method was put forward learning from thought of software fault-tolerant. Taking reliability as the primary consideration, the process of command business composite services was limited to finite recursive nested of the most commonly used structures including sequence flow, branch flow, parallel and cyclic flow in the reliability evaluation model. According to this model, the computation method was given and its flow diagram was designed. It will provide beneficial reference for measuring and improving reliability of command business service in other similar command information systems.

A New Improved Attribute Weight Algorithm Based on Rough Sets Theory for One Command Information System

There are various evaluation indicators in command information system. It is important to determine the weight of each indicator because it has a direct impact on the final result for evaluation and decision making. The reasonable and accurate attribute weight is helpful to ascertain the status or effect on the policy decision. With analyzing the deficiency of attribute weighting algorithms based on the rough sets theory, the new attribute weight algorithm is proposed in the paper. The proposed algorithm considers objective weight and subjective weight. The objective weight includes three factors, named as the importance of the attribute itself, the increment of mutual information, and its own information entropy. The subjective weight is obtained by the experts with prior knowledge in the field. Experiment results prove that the new method not only overcomes the deficiency of the existing weight methods, but also is more in line with the actual situation.

Research on Applied Technology in Assessing the Application Effectiveness of CIS Based on Digital Command of CIS

In order to research on applied technology in assessing the application effectiveness of command information system (CIS) based on digital command of CIS, the article sticks tightly the army operations during wartime, setting up the index system of the effectiveness assessment. The paper putts forward the whole assessment index architecture. By computing index gray white clustering coefficient and weight vector and setting up multilayers gray clustering effectiveness valuation mode, the thesis uses the judgment matrix of effectiveness valuation, assessing the effectiveness of the application of CIS under the " based on digital command mode" and " based on audio command mode". Based on the valuation conclusion, the article explains these important factors to the system effectiveness and provides a research basis for making some scientific improvement measures.

Analysis and Assessment of Targets on a Digital Map and Computer Processing of Intelligence Data

The Tactical Operational Command and Control Information System shall have sub–systems that are capable of covering, ensuring, and servicing — in summary supporting — the battlefield systems operated by the combat (manoeuvre) forces and combat support units and sub–units during planning and commanding, on the land forces, brigade, battalion and company level.One of the most important such sub–systems is the intelligence planning, command and data processing functional sub–system. It allows for a quick and professional processing of target intelligence data, displaying them with the standard symbols on digital maps, and promptly grouping them by priority; thereby it greatly facilitates the manoeuvre commander’s foresight, provides assistance for decision–making, and provides accurate target data to the fire support groups for target planning.