Comfortable Environmental Conditions Research Articles

Ocular effects of exposure to low-humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study.

To compare the ocular effects of exposure to a low-humidity environment with and without contact lens (CL) wear using various non-invasive tests. Fourteen habitual soft CL wearers were exposed to controlled low humidity (5% relative humidity [RH]) in an environmental chamber for 90 min on two separate occasions. First, when wearing their habitual spectacles and then, on a separate visit, when wearing silicone hydrogel CLs that were fitted specifically for this purpose. All participants had adapted to the new CL prior to data collection. Three non-invasive objective measurements were taken at each visit: blinking rate, objective ocular scatter (measured using the objective scatter index) and ocular surface cooling rate (measured using a long-wave infrared thermal camera). At each visit, measurements were taken before the exposure in comfortable environmental conditions (RH: 45%), and after exposure to environmental stress (low humidity, RH: 5%). CL wearers showed increased blinking rate (p < 0.005) and ocular scatter (p = 0.03) but similar cooling rate of the ocular surface (p = 0.08) when compared with spectacle wear in comfortable environmental conditions. The exposure to low humidity increased the blinking rate significantly with both types of corrections (p = 0.01). Interestingly, ocular scatter (p = 0.96) and cooling rate (p = 0.73) were not significantly different before and after exposure to low humidity. There were no significant two-way interactions between correction and exposure in any of the measurements. CLs significantly increased the blinking rate, which prevented a quick degradation of the tear film integrity as it was refreshed more regularly. It is hypothesised that the increased blinking rate in CL wearers aids in maintaining ocular scatter quality and cooling rate when exposed to a low-humidity environment. These results highlight the importance of blinking in maintaining tear film stability.

Implementasi Sikap Religius Pada Mata Kuliah Alislam dan Kemuhammadiyahan di Program Studi Magister Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

This research certainly has several objectives, including the following: (1) To explain the implementation of Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah Education (AIK) in the Master of Management Study Program, Muhammadiyah University, Tangerang. (2) To describe the role of Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah education in the religious attitudes of students at the Master of Management Study Program, Muhammadiyah University, Tangerang. This research is research using analytical descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. The researcher applied observation, interview and documentation techniques. Observations and interviews will produce primary data sources, will provide researchers with information about the Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah education process, and its role in improving students' religious attitudes. The factor that supports the success of the role of Al-Islam and Muhammadiyah education and improving students' religious attitudes is the existence of an education system that is uswah hasanah, so that interaction between students and lecturers can be achieved. Apart from that, secondly, physical facilities in the form of mosques and libraries which are representative facilities for worship and study. The third is an Information Technology system that can increase student information. The fourth is lecturer staff who meet the qualifications because they are activists with a teaching or teaching professional background, supported by comfortable environmental conditions, without any mental and moral tension among students. The obstacles are heterogeneity and habits of daily religious life.

Expressions of Arab Influence on the Brazilian Architecture: The Case of Solar Control Elements

Over the centuries, architects have distanced themselves from the accumulated architectural knowledge, which often provided constructive solutions highly connected to the climatic context and cultural characteristics. With utmost expression from the 20th century on, building designers have assumed a somewhat negligent attitude towards the architectural project, essentially relying on active mechanical systems, to achieve indoor environmental comfort conditions. This paper overviews the current knowledge of solar control elements adopted and developed by Brazilian architecture, tracing its origin to the influence of Arab and Moorish architecture, with the objective of valuing passive solutions. Arab influence in Brazilian architecture began in the 17th century when Portuguese settlers felt the need to adapt the colonial buildings to the climatic constraints, particularly with regard to excessive solar radiation, leading to indoor thermal discomfort and excess natural light. Arab influence in Brazilian architecture remains present until the current day with the same objectives; however, it has been reinterpreted and appropriated by the Brazilian architectural school. Among the most used construction elements during the colonial period were the muxarabis, rótulas, and gelosias. Throughout the 20th century, these elements were culturally appropriated and served as inspiration for the development of the cobogó and the pioneering use of brise-soleis in Brazilian architecture. These elements have spread throughout global architecture, accompanied by the adoption of computer-controlled dynamic solar protection systems. Therefore, it is important to promote traditional solutions and encourage new architects to adopt passive approaches, aiming for energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts.

Influence of heat resistance on reproduction and productivity of Red Dairy Breed cows

In this article we discuss the indicators of heat resistance of cattle. The studies were carried out on the livestock of the red dairy breed: group I – the intrabreed fatty-milk type obtained by crossing the red steppe breed with the Angler, group II - animals obtained by crossing the red steppe breed with the red-mottled Holstein. It was found that with temperature comfort, the difference in temperature and pulse rate between the animals of the fatty-dairy and holstenized types was insignificant, but with the increase of the air temperature to 39 C, these indicators were increased. The respiratory rate was significantly lower in the first heifers of the fatty-milk type both at elevated temperature load and in physiologically comfortable environmental conditions. Animals of both intrabreed types resisted the specific agro-climatic conditions of Donbas quite well. In terms of adaptive abilities to the high summer temperatures of Donbas, holstenized intrabreed type animals are noticeably inferior to fat-milk intrabreed type cows.

Improving energy efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality in the School of Mathematics at the Sapienza University campus in Rome

SDG 7 “affordable and clean energy” aims at expanding infrastructure and upgrading technology to provide clean and more efficient energy in all countries, encouraging socio-economic growth and helping the environment. Its implementation through legislative instruments led to the writing of the Sapienza Energy Plan and the Energy Implementation Program, which define a series of medium-term implementation strategies on buildings inside and outside the Sapienza University campus. Strategies aimed at the energy redevelopment of the building envelope to achieve the minimization of energy needs and the construction of PV systems as well as the technical and regulatory adaptation of existing HVAC systems to improve the environmental comfort conditions. By the requirements of current legislation, the Energy Performance has been quantified through the energy efficiency analysis of the building in its current state and post-interventions, led using a simulation on an energy diagnostic software. After the analyses, the refurbishment interventions have allowed defining the guidelines, in compliance with the contents of the Guidelines for the energy efficiency of cultural heritage and the PES, through a series of strategies aimed at the conservation and improvement of the building envelope and at improving the energy efficiency and the IEQ of the School of Mathematics.

Zoning of urban agglomeration based on the results of monitoring observations

In the article, the authors propose to carry out zoning of the urban agglomeration based on the results of monitoring observations from emissions from industrial enterprises located within the city boundaries. According to the adopted approach, the urban agglomeration is the main system that ensures the existence of the human community. It includes the air basin, land resources, water bodies, mineral resources, climate, landscapes, flora and fauna, and a number of other components. In the study, the authors propose to use the data of monitoring observations of atmospheric air to determine the territories subject to the greatest pollution. For this, areas of air pollution from industrial enterprises were calculated and built, and the zoning of the territory was carried out. The ecological characteristics of the city of Tyumen and the location of industrial enterprises as a factor of impact on the environment have been studied. A comparative analysis of the impact of pollutants emitted by enterprises on the residential area of the city is carried out and the areas of residential development that are most susceptible to chemical pollution are determined. Proposals have been developed to create comfortable environmental conditions for the population living in the territory located near industrial enterprises.

Pengaturan Suhu Brooding pada Performa Ayam Broiler Pelanggan PT New Hope Indonesia

Genetic improvement through intensive selection in broilers for economically important traits such as body weight, growth rate, feed efficiency, and carcass quality plays a role in increasing the productivity and efficiency of the broiler industry. Good maintenance management is needed by paying attention to the quantity and quality of feed as well as comfortable and controlled environmental conditions. The environmental factor that is often the focus of attention is the temperature of milieu. During the brooding period aged 0‒21 days, the Day Old Chick cannot regulate its body temperature perfectly and still influenced by ambient temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of brooding temperature on the performance of broiler at PT New Hope Indonesia's customers, to find the problems in regulating brooding temperatures along with solutions, evaluations, and improvement plans. Observations were made for 21 days in a semi-closed house with a population of 22,000 Cobb strain broiler. The research method used is data recording observation. The primary data were average brooding temperature for 21 days, depletion rate, feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production index. There was a deviation in body weight and FCR at the age of 11‒14 days due to the restriction of the heater until the age of 14 days and the wind speed at night which was more than 0.3 ms-1. With the corrective action of wind speed regulation, an effective temperature close to the thermoneutral zone and optimal production performance was obtained until the end of the brooding period.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: body weight, broiler, brooding, feed conversion ratio, temperature

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В СТРАТЕГИЯХ РЕГИОНОВ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

Based on investigation of strategies of 11 Northwest Federal District regions (NWFD), this study assesses the impact of sustainable development and the current principles on formation of strategic priorities for regional development. The results show that: 1) the regions do not have clear plans of integrating sustainable development goals and objectives into regional strategies; 2) the tasks of improving quality of life of the population, creating a comfortable environment and favorable conditions for people, are a priority for the regions; 3) strategic plans of the regions are focused on society prosperity, as they mainly pay attention to economic development and human well-being; 4) the strategic planning process of sustainable development in the regions of the NWFD is launched, but is experiencing great difficulties. The conclusions can be used as a recommendation for public authorities to improve approaches and develop the methodology of strategic planning of regional development.

Comparative Assessment of the Functional Efficiency of Arboriflora Species Composition in Urban Green Spaces

The article discusses the results of a comprehensive analysis of the ecological state and environment-stabilizing functions of the species composition of arboriflora in the urban planting structure. It’s based on a large amount of factual material obtained during the course of a long-term monitoring of Vladivostok’s urban greenery. A methodological substantiation has been developed for a comprehensive qualitative-quantitative assessment of species using the applied qualimetry techniques. An integral indicator, named the coefficient of the functional efficiency of the species (JFEC) was proposed as the main evaluation unit. It is a relative-quantitative magnitude of plants quality that characterises their functional efficiency and significance in urban ecosystems: prevalence in greenery planting, vitality, the ability for accumulation of the priority pollutant metals in the urban environment, their concentration relative to the local ecological background; the capability for accumulating metals from the soil. Comparative analysis of the functional efficiency of 80 species of trees and shrubs forming the urban greenery of Vladivostok on the basis of the proposed coefficient was carried out. Among the compared sample of plants, the JFEC decreases from 3.70 (Crataegus pinnatifida) to 1.13 (Malus mandshurica). This values measure up to 74 and 23% of the quality standard (QS), which corresponds to the ideal plant species. The groups of species of different functional significance in the urban green spaces structure have been identified. The best efficiency in creating the comfortable environmental conditions in the city was demonstrated by species widespread in landscaping: Fraxinus mandshurica, Ulmus japonica, Betula platyphylla, Physocarpus opulifolia et al. They are characterized by the maximum participation in the formation of the urban greenery structure and a high ability to absorb the main pollutants of the urban environment. The JFEC of these species is within 3.26–2.61, which corresponds to 65–52% of the QS. In conclusion, author makes a suggestion on a rational use of species for the formation of a comfortable urban environment and introduction of the results into the practice of managing the urban green fund.

Thermal comfort assessment in the modern passenger car under actual operational conditions

Abstract People’s ever-increasing needs encourage designers of various vehicles to search for solutions that will provide the most comfortable internal environment conditions. Currently, partly due to the COVID-19 threat, many people use their individual cars to travel to work, college, shops, trips, and holidays. Proper internal air parameters that need to be maintained in vehicles are critical in the summer. The article discusses the thermal comfort of four passengers of a modern car produced in 2017 to verify if contemporary production technology can successfully meet the thermal needs of people under actual conditions in the Polish climate. For this purpose, five temperature values were tested: 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, and 28°C for the car located in the shade and sun. In addition, the Testo 400 meter was used to control and measure the internal parameters, and questionnaires were used to find out about the thermal impressions of the respondents. The research was carried out in July when the air temperature in Poland was high.

A Study of Human Physiological Comfort in Lagos Metropolis Using Landsat Satellite Imagery Between 1984 and 2013

Our cities today are exposed more too urban atmospheric conditions that influence man’s comfort, health and behavior. As cities grow changes in land use have altered man’s physiological comfort experienced today. Landsat satellite imagery was used to study human physiological comfort in Lagos metropolis between 1984 and 2013. So, to achieve this remote sensing data acquired from Landsat satellite imagery and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to derive, namely: land use land cover, land surface and air temperature, and relative humidity index for 1984, 2000 and 2013. While Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was computed from air temperature and relative humidity index which was used to assess human physiological outdoor comfort in relation to land use activities. In this study, the health implications of physiological stress and thermal sensation were highlighted and addressed from the environmental and health perspectives as it relates to land use. This study thrown open the door of environmental efficiency, well-being and the health of citizens which is influenced by physiological comfort through developing and maintaining comfortable environmental conditions that will enhance the quality of urban life.

Relating environmental comfort conditions to student satisfaction with remote learning: A case on design students

Relating environmental comfort conditions to student satisfaction with remote learning: A case on design students

Reflections on the Evidentiary Basis of Indoor Air Quality Standards

Buildings are expected to provide healthy and comfortable indoor environmental conditions for their users. Such conditions have diverse dimensions, including thermal, visual, air quality, auditory, and olfactory aspects. Indoor environmental quality standards, guidelines, and codes typically inform professionals in the building design and operation phase in view of procedural, contractual, and legal boundary conditions. Given this critical role of standards, it seems significant to examine the applicability and scientific validity on a regular basis. In this context, the present paper focuses on the standard-based definition of indoor air quality (IAQ) indicators and their respective values. Hence, the main aim of this effort is to study several common national and international IAQ standards in view of the scope to which they include direct or indirect evidence for the validity and applicability of their mandates and requirements. To this end, selected IAQ standards were assessed via a structured schema that includes not only basic information, quality indicators, and suggested and recommended value ranges, but also any reference to scientific studies. The findings of this effort identify certain issues with the transparency of the chain of evidence from the results of technical literature and standard-based IAQ recommendations. Moreover, recommendations are made for the development of future transparent and evidence-based IAQ standards and guidelines.

Penerapan Sertifikat CHSE Terhadap Kepuasan Pengunjung di Devoyage Bogor

Devoyage Bogor is a tourist spot made for Instagramable photo hunters by carrying out the concept of European-style garden tourism with miniatures typical of blue continent countries such as the Eiffel tower landmark, Dutch windmills and Venetian Gondolas, making it very suitable for visits by all ages. The uniqueness of Devoyage Bogor itself has European-style miniature buildings that are made as similar as possible to the original. The purpose of this study is to identify the application of the CHSE Certificate for the Devoyage Bogor tourist attraction and measure the effect of the application of CHSE on visitor satisfaction at Devoyage Bogor. The method used is quantitative with the population, namely tourists who have visited the Devoyage Bogor tourist attraction after the issuance of the CHSE certificate by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy to Devoyage Bogor. Distributing questionnaires using google form online and offline with a sample size of 100 respondents. Data analysis using Inferential Analysis Techniques, Normality Test, Linearity Test and Simple Linear Regression. The results of the conclusion in the study that Devoyage Bogor has implemented the CHSE Certificate in accordance with the guidelines made by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy such as the availability of sinks in several areas, the application of distance keeping so that there is no accumulation in one photo spot, and creating beautiful and comfortable environmental conditions to visit. And there is a positive influence between the CHSE Certificate variable on Visitor Satisfaction where this is evidenced by the results of the T test, namely 14.213 so that the T table is smaller than the T count of 1.984 and the coefficient of determination with a value of 67% so that it has a significant influence while the remaining 33% is influenced by variables not examined.

Assessment of heat stress in dairy cows related to physiological responses

Climate change will continue to occur in the years to come and threaten dairy cows. As a result of climate change, various risks can change due to changing ecological conditions in various places on earth. The study aimed to assess heat stress in dairy cows (calf, heifer, lactating, and dry cow). The heat stress assessment method uses the equation presented by the temperature-humidity index (THI). Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature are physiological parameters to determine heat stress. The data collection of cattle's temperature, humidity, and physiological parameters was carried out simultaneously. Data analysis used one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's further test. The results of the heat stress assessment showed that the THI values reached 82.8 and 78.2 in the afternoon and evening, causing the calves, lactating cow, and dry cow to be exposed to heat stress. The rectal temperature of the calf increased by 39.10C, the heart rate and respiration rate of lactating cows increased by 66.5-69.2 times/minute and 51.7 times/minute, and the respiration rate of dry cows increased by 49.2 times/minute. Efforts are needed to control heat stress in dairy cows at all age phases so that dairy cows are in comfortable environmental conditions.

IoT System for the Continuous Electrical and Environmental Monitoring into Mexican Social Housing Evaluated under Tropical Climate Conditions

This work presented the design, development, and implementation of a low-cost IoT system for real-time monitoring of electrical consumption and environment parameters inside social housing. The IoT monitoring system is composed of a set of remote measurement nodes that wirelessly sense and transmit records of the air temperature and relative humidity inside the house as well as the voltage, current, and power consumed by several electrical devices. A server coordinator composed of a Raspberry Pi was used for the interaction with the sensors through the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol and allowed the measured data packaging, fragmentation, transfer, storage, and cloud upload for remote multiuser visualization. The system was experimentally evaluated in an inhabited single-story house under tropical climate conditions. Operation tests indicate a successful performance of the protocols implemented for remote visualization and cloud storage. Moreover, an analysis of measured data allows the feasibility of identifying the occupants’ energy consumption patterns and their relationship with the search for comfortable environmental conditions. Thus, the proposed friendly framework is a promising alternative to energy management. Its implementation in embedded Linux-based systems provides the flexibility to integrate control strategies based on artificial intelligence.

Modifikasi lingkungan dan manajemen pakan untuk mengatasi cekaman panas pada kambing perah di Gampong Lamlumpu Kecamatan Peukan Bada, Kabupaten Aceh Besar (Environmental modifications and feed management to cope heat stress of dairy goat in Lamlumpu Village, Peukan Bada Sub-District, Aceh Besar District)

The purpose of this service activity was the implementation of socialization and training on environmental modification and feed management to overcome heat stress in goat cattle at the dairy goat farm of the Lamlumpu Village Community, Peukan Bada Sub-District, Aceh Besar District. The method of implementing this activity are in the form of socialization, counseling, and training on a scheduled basis with material on dairy goat farming patterns in the tropics, modifying the environment to create a microclimate condition that is in accordance with the comfort zone for dairy cattle, and introduction of feed ingredients that have the potential to overcome heat stress. in the livestock. The results of this community service activity indicate that the implementation of environmental and feed modifications to overcome heat stress in goat cattle shows an increase in livestock production in the form of increased milk production, more comfortable environmental conditions, and a decrease in heat stress threshold in the livestock. In conclusion, environmental and feed modifications for dairy goats in Lamplumpu Village can improve microclimate conditions so that they are more comfortable and can cope with heat stress.

Spatial and seasonal variations in surface water temperature and salinity in the Mexico‐Belize riverine estuary: Possible comfort conditions for manatees?

AbstractThe Mexican Caribbean and Belize are home to one of the largest populations of Caribbean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus). However, the transboundary Hondo River estuary is less examined compared to the surrounding protected areas. This paper provides a quantitative description of the spatial and temporal variability in abiotic factors and manatee distribution throughout the Hondo River estuary, with monthly field measurements during 2018–2019. Simultaneously, visual observations and side‐scan sonar detection were implemented, with 84 manatee sightings reported (calves 11.9%, noncalves 88.1%). Heatmap and frequency analyses showed that most manatee sightings occurred at the riverine estuary limit, the confluences between the river and the bay into which it flows. The surface water temperature and salinity ranged 28°C ≤ T ≤ 32°C and 0.5 PSU ≤ S ≤ 4.5 PSU for ~72% of the manatees identified, potentially describing locally preferred conditions for manatees. During the regional mid‐summer drought, higher temperature (31.5°C), salinity (18 PSU), and estuary extent (17.6 km) were recorded, including the maximum peak of manatee sightings (~31%). The roles of these abiotic factors are discussed as tentative environmental comfort conditions for manatees that could reduce their energy and maintenance costs. The identification of preferred conditions could broaden perspectives on how manatees interact with their habitats.

Weight Gain and Feed Conversion of Broiler Chickens in Reviewed from Cage Temperature and Humidity

Background: Broiler chicken production is influenced by several factors, namely genetic, management, and environmental factors. Genetically superior chickens will not produce maximum results if not supported by a comfortable environment for chickens (comfort zone) because they are animals that will grow optimally at a certain temperature range. in addition, humidity also affects the production and health of chickens. So that the selection of the cage becomes important to create comfortable environmental conditions for chickens. Cage with a relatively stable temperature will greatly affect the production results, including body weight and feed conversion. Purpose: To determine the effect of temperature and humidity of semi-enclosed cages on weight gain and feed conversion of broiler chicken. Method: Observation was carried out during a period of maintenance of broiler chickens on farms and data collected in the form of the recording of chicken weight and feed conversion. Result: Temperature and humidity of semi-enclosed cages have a good effect on production results, with chicken harvest weight of 2197.3 grams and feed conversion of 1.52 kg. Conclusion: this study indicate that temperature and humidity have a good influence on weight gain of chickens and feed conversion value.

'Smart' light‐reflective windows based on temperature responsive twisted nematic liquid crystal polymers

Abstract'Smart' windows which reversibly increase their reflectivity upon heating are attracting considerable attention as devices for maintaining comfortable indoor environmental conditions. In this work, twisted nematic semi‐interpenetrating liquid crystal networks which lose their order upon heating are sandwiched between reflective linear polarizers. This 'smart' window reversibly decreases its transmission from about 50–10% over a wavelength range between 400 and 1100 nm upon heating, resulting in the window becoming darker and reflecting more light. This 'smart' window is potentially interesting for energy saving window applications where variation between privacy and visible light transparency states is required.