Combined Cross-sectional Data Research Articles

The Effect of Cryptocurrency Returns and Cryptocurrency Volume on the Stock Price Index of Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand

The title of this study is to analyze the effect of cryptocurrency returns and cryptocurrency volume on the stock price indices of Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. This research was conducted using the panel data regression method by combining cross section data with time series data using Eviews software. This study uses cryptocurrency returns and volumes in a weekly period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021 for 48 weeks for each country with a total of 144 data. The results of this study indicate that cryptocurrency returns have a significant positive effect on the stock price indexes of Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand. and cryptocurrency volume has a significant positive effect on the stock price indices of Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand.

Long- and short-term analysis on the Human Development Index in West Nusa Tenggara

Purpose — With the low human development index in West Nusa Tenggara, this study is intended to analyze important factors in increasing the Human Development Index in an area.Method — This research combined cross-sectional data consisting of 10 regencies and cities in West Nusa Tenggara and time-series data from 2016 to 2020. In addition, a series of model tests were carried out. This research employed the Arellano-bond estimator for the dynamic panel estimation, which used first-difference (FDGMM) with robust standard error.Result — We found that the previous year's Human Development Index, poverty rate, and GDRB significantly increased the human development index in West Nusa Tenggara, especially in the short term. Meanwhile, in the long run, all variables do not affect the human development index in West Nusa Tenggara. In addition, this study revealed that the previous year's HDI, poverty rate, and GRDP only affected the short term. Moreover, long-term policies are needed to increase the HDI in West Nusa Tenggara, such as increasing community capacity, health assistance, price stabilization, and creating new jobs.Contribution — This study clarifies in practice the need for differentiating poverty reduction strategies according to their duration. This is because short-term interventions have little long-term impact on reducing poverty.

Pengaruh Pembiayaan Syariah dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Provinsi Aceh: Analisis Data Panel

Poverty is a significant problem faced by developing countries, including Indonesia. Islam teaches its people to fight poverty because poverty is closer to kufr. Aceh is famous for applying Islamic law, but Aceh is the poorest province on the island of Sumatra in 2020. Meanwhile, in terms of Sharia financing, Aceh Province ranks 4th, and the Human Development Index (IPM) ranks 11th highest nationally. This panel aims to determine the effect of Islamic financing and the Human Development Index (HDI) on poverty levels in Aceh Province. Data analysis was carried out using panel data regression by choosing the best regression model, namely the Fixed Effect Model, by combining cross-section data of 21 districts/cities in Aceh Province during the 2016-2020 period. The study results, both partially and simultaneously, Islamic financing and HDI have a negative and significant effect on the poverty level in Aceh Province.

Effects of Poverty, Income Inequality and Economic Growth to Environmental Quality Index (EQI) in 33 Province in Indonesia 2014-2019

Shifting from the agriculture sector to the service sector has made Indonesia's economy rapidly grow and therefore a degradation in environmental quality. The degradation of the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) in 2019 is mostly caused by an increasing water pollution level. Income inequality and poverty in Indonesia is a problem that also causing the EQI degradation. There are 2 purposes of this article which are (1) to find out the effect of income inequality, poverty, and economic growth toward EQI (2) to find if there is causality between economic growth and EQI. The approach used in this article is a quantitative approach with a type of data is secondary data. This article used panel regression with Random Effect Model (REM) by combining cross-section data from 33 provinces in Indonesia and time-series data from 2014 – 2019. The causality between economic growth and EQI is calculated by using Granger Causality. The result shows that (1) economic growth and income inequality have a negative significant relationship toward EQI, but poverty hasn’t affect to EQI (2) There is no causality between economic growth and EQI because EQI can not affect economic growth.

Effects of Poverty, Income Inequality and Economic Growth to Environmental Quality Index (EQI) in 33 Province in Indonesia 2014-2019

Shifting from the agriculture sector to the service sector has made Indonesia's economy rapidly grow and therefore a degradation in environmental quality. The degradation of the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) in 2019 is mostly caused by an increasing water pollution level. Income inequality and poverty in Indonesia is a problem that also causing the EQI degradation. There are 2 purposes of this article which are (1) to find out the effect of income inequality, poverty, and economic growth toward EQI (2) to find if there is causality between economic growth and EQI. The approach used in this article is a quantitative approach with a type of data is secondary data. This article used panel regression with Random Effect Model (REM) by combining cross-section data from 33 provinces in Indonesia and time-series data from 2014 – 2019. The causality between economic growth and EQI is calculated by using Granger Causality. The result shows that (1) economic growth and income inequality have a negative significant relationship toward EQI, but poverty hasn’t affect to EQI (2) There is no causality between economic growth and EQI because EQI can not affect economic growth.

Analisis Pengaruh Perkembangan Sektor Keuangan Terhadap Industrialisasi pada Negara Industri Baru di Asia Pasifik

This study examines the influences of financial development on the industrialization by combining cross section data for the five newly industrialized countries in Asia Pacific with time series data from the period 2000 to 2019. The results by using fixed effect model showed that: (1) financial depth has a negative and significant on the industrialization in newly industrialized countries in Asia Pacific; (2) financial efficiency has a positif and significant on the industrialization in newly industrialized countries in Asia Pacific; (4) financial stability has a negative and significant on the industrialization in newly industrialized countries in Asia Pacific; and (5) financial depth, financial efficiency and trade openness and foreign direct investment inflow have significantly affected the industrialization in newly industrialized countries in Asia Pacific.

Development of Perfectionism in Junior Athletes: A Three-Sample Study of Coach and Parental Pressure.

Perfectionism predicts cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in sport. Nonetheless, our understanding of the factors that influence its development is limited. The authors sought to address this issue by examining the role of coach and parental pressure in the development of perfectionism in sport. Using 3 samples of junior athletes (16-19years; cross-sectional n = 212, 3-month longitudinal n = 101, and 6-month longitudinal n = 110), the authors examined relations between coach pressure to be perfect, parental pressure to be perfect, perfectionistic strivings, and perfectionistic concerns. Mini meta-analysis of the combined cross-sectional data (N = 423) showed that both coach pressure and parental pressure were positively correlated with perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. In contrast, longitudinal analyses showed that only coach pressure predicted increased perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns over time. Overall, our findings provide preliminary evidence that coaches may play a more important role in the development of junior athletes' perfectionism than parents.

Panel data model estimation: the effect of managerial ownership, capital structure, and company size on corporate value

Previous studies have been found that managerial ownership, capital structure, and firm size affect the firm’s value. This research uses panel data regression method. By using the panel data of Property and Real Estate firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, there are 117 observations that combine cross-section data of 39 companies with time-series data during the period 2014 to 2016. From the model selection results, it was found that the fixed effect model is the best model compared with common effect model and random effect model. By applying the best model base, the researchers found an evidence to suggest that the managerial ownership significantly positively affects firm’s value. The results also showed that firm size significantly positively affects firm’s value. However, the empirical results do not show evidence that capital structure significantly affects the firm’s value. The results of this study are consistent with the stated literature that managerial ownership and firm size are the determinants of firm’s value. These factors must be considered by the owners of capital and managers in maximizing the value of the company.

Pengaruh OPM, ROE dan ROA terhadap Perubahan Laba pada Perusahaan Lembaga Pembiayaan di Indonesia

<p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of operating profit margin, return on equity and return on assets to changes in earnings in multi-finance companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study is used a secondary data from financial statements on 12 multi-finance companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2011 until 2015. </em><em>This study</em><em> uses panel data regression of a combined cross-section data and time series.</em></p><p><em>The result of this study showed that operating profit margin, return on equity and return on assets </em><em>simultaneously</em><em> have a significant influence on changes in earnings. The result of F-test showed that the significant level is 0,00 < 0,05. The result of the t-test, operating profit margin (OPM) has a negative and no significant influence on changes in earnings. Return on equity (ROE) has a positive and significant influence on changes in earnings. Return on asset (ROA) has a positive and significant influence on changes in earnings.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Operating Profit Margin, , Return on Equity, Return on Asset, </em><em>Changes Earnings</em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh <em>operating profit margin, return on equity </em>dan <em>return on assets </em>terhadap perubahan laba pada perusahaan lembaga pembiayaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa data laporan keuangan 12 sampel perusahaan pembiayaan yang diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel yaitu gabungan data <em>cross section </em> dan <em>time series.</em></p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>operating profit margin </em>(OPM), <em>return on asset </em>(ROA), dan <em>return on equity </em>(ROE) secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perubahan laba. Hasil uji F menghasilkan tingkat signifikansi 0,00 < 0,05. Hasil uji-t, o<em>perating profit margin </em>(OPM) berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap perubahan laba. <em>Return on equity </em>(ROE) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perubahan laba. <em>Return on asset </em>(ROA) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perubahan laba.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong><em>Operating Profit Margin, , Return on Equity, Return on Asset, </em>Perubahan laba</p>

Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults with Various Comorbidities.

BackgroundLower muscle and higher fat mass are characteristics of older adults; their physical function is also characterized by slower gait speed and weaker strength. However, the association between specific body composition and physical function is unclear.MethodsWe examined the association between body composition and physical performance using combined cross-sectional data of 1,821 participants from 13 clinical studies at Wake Forest University that used a consistent battery of tests. All participants were ≥60 years old and had one of the following conditions: healthy, osteoarthritis, coronary artery disease, obesity, heart failure, at elevated risk for disability, renal transplantation candidates, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, moderate self-reported disability, hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease, at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Data at enrollment from each study using uniform tools including body mass index (BMI), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, physical performance assessment using 4 m walk speed, five chair rise time, handgrip strength, short physical performance battery (17), and Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability were analyzed.ResultsIncreased BMI was associated with slower walk speed, lower short physical performance battery, and higher Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability score. Increased percentage of body fat was associated with slower walk speed, lower hand grip strength, lower short physical performance battery scores, and higher Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability scores. Percent appendicular lean mass was associated with faster walk speed, higher handgrip strength, higher short physical performance battery, and lower Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability score. There were no significant discrepancies in relationship between body composition and physical function by gender except gender and BMI on chair-rise time.ConclusionsHigher BMI and percent body fat were associated with poor physical function while percent appendicular lean mass was associated with better physical function. There was no significant discrepancy in the by gender.

Ethnic differences in anthropometric measures and abdominal fat distribution: a cross-sectional pooled study in Inuit, Africans and Europeans

BackgroundEthnic variation in abdominal fat distribution may explain differences in cardiometabolic risk between populations. However, the ability of anthropometric measures to quantify abdominal fat is not clearly understood across ethnic...

Associations of medical student empathy with clinical competence

ObjectiveEmpathy is a crucial skill for medical students that can be difficult to evaluate. We examined if self-reported empathy in medical students was associated with clinical competence. MethodsThis study combined cross-sectional data from four consecutive years of medical students (N=590) from the Boston University School of Medicine. We used regression analysis to evaluate if self-reported empathy (Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE)) predicted scores in clinical clerkships, United States Medical Licensing Examinations, and ObjectiveStructured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). We separately analyzed overall and OSCE communication scores based on interpersonal skills reported by standardized patients. We controlled for age, gender, debt, and specialty affinity. ResultsJSPE scores of medical students were positively associated with OSCE communication scores, and remained significant when controlling for demographics. We found that JSPE score was also predictive of overall OSCE scores, but this relationship was confounded by gender and age. JSPE scores were associated with performance in the Pediatrics clerkship, but not other clerkships or standardized tests. ConclusionJSPE scores were positively associated with OSCE communication scores in medical students. Practice implicationsThis study supports that self-reported empathy may predict OSCE performance, but further research is needed to examine differences by gender and age.

The impact of the final HERA combined data on PDFs obtained from a global fit.

We investigate the effect of including the HERA run I + II combined cross section data on the MMHT2014 PDFs. We present the fit quality within the context of the global fit and when only the HERA data are included. We examine the changes in both the central values and the uncertainties in the PDFs. We find that the prediction for the data is good, and only relatively small improvements in chi ^2 and changes in the PDFs are obtained with a refit at both NLO and NNLO. PDF uncertainties are slightly reduced. There is a small dependence of the fit quality on the value of Q^2_{min }. This can be improved by phenomenologically motived corrections to F_L(x,Q^2) which parametrically are largely in the form of higher-twist type contributions.

Socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular risk in Canadian children and adolescents

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors show clear socioeconomic gradients in Canadian adults. Whether socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular risk emerge in childhood remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are socioeconomic gradients in physiological markers of CVD risk in Canadian children and adolescents. Using combined cross-sectional data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2011, we examined the following cardiovascular risk markers: overweight (including obesity), aerobic fitness score (AFS), blood pressure (BP), blood lipids (total as well as HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), glucose metabolism and C-reactive protein (CRP) by sex in 2149 children (ages 6-11 years) and 2073 adolescents (ages 12-17 years). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify patterns in cardiovascular risk across strata of household income adequacy and parental educational attainment, adjusting for age and ethnicity, and stratified by age group and sex. Young boys showed markedly higher prevalence of obesity than young girls (prevalence of 18.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.6-21.5 vs. 7.7%, 95% CI: 5.2-10.3). However, negative SES gradients in adiposity risk were seen in young and adolescent girls rather than boys. Young and adolescent boys were more physically fit than girls (mean AFS of 541, 95% CI: 534-546 vs. 501, 95% CI: 498-505 in children; 522, 95% CI: 514-529 vs. 460, 95% CI: 454-466 in adolescents; p < 001). Although a positive income gradient in AFS was observed in both boys and girls, statistical significance was reached only in girls (p =.006). A negative gradient of parental education in BP was observed in young children. While we observed substantial sex differences in systolic BP, total and HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose and CRP in adolescents, sex-specific socioeconomic gradients were only observed for systolic BP, HDL and LDL cholesterol. Further studies with large samples are needed to confirm these findings. This study identified important sex difference and socioeconomic gradients in adiposity, aerobic fitness and physiological markers of CVD risk in Canadian school-aged children. Population health interventions to reduce socioeconomic gradients in CVD risk should start in childhood, with a particular focus on preventing obesity in young boys of all SES and girls of low SES, promoting physical fitness especially in girls and in all ages of youth in low-SES groups, and increasing parental awareness, especially those with low educational attainment, of early CVD risks in their children.

Charm and beauty quark masses in the MMHT2014 global PDF analysis.

We investigate the variation in the MMHT2014 PDFs when we allow the heavy-quark masses m_c and m_b to vary away from their default values. We make PDF sets available in steps of Delta m_c =0.05~mathrm{GeV} and Delta m_b =0.25~mathrm{GeV}, and present the variation in the PDFs and in the predictions. We examine the comparison to the HERA data on charm and beauty structure functions and note that in each case the heavy-quark data, and the inclusive data, have a slight preference for lower masses than our default values. We provide PDF sets with three and four active quark flavours, as well as the standard value of five flavours. We use the pole mass definition of the quark masses, as in the default MMHT2014 analysis, but briefly comment on the overline{mathrm{MS}} definition.

Comparison of Uniform and Kernel Gaussian Weight Matrix in Generalized Spatial Panel Data Model

Panel data combine cross-section data and time series data. If the cross-section is locations, there is a need to check the correlation among locations. ρ and λ are parameters in generalized spatial model to cover effect of correlation between locations. Value of ρ or λ will influence the goodness of fit model, so it is important to make parameter estimation. The effect of another location is covered by making contiguity matrix until it gets spatial weighted matrix (W). There are some types of W—uniform W, binary W, kernel Gaussian W and some W from real case of economics condition or transportation condition from locations. This study is aimed to compare uniform W and kernel Gaussian W in spatial panel data model using RMSE value. The result of analysis showed that uniform weight had RMSE value less than kernel Gaussian model. Uniform W had stabil value for all the combinations.

Associated Trends in Sedentary Behavior and BMI Among Chinese School Children and Adolescents in Seven Diverse Chinese Provinces

Overweight and obesity is becoming a public health concern in China. We examined associated trends in sedentary behavior and body mass index (BMI) among school children and adolescents from seven diverse Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2004. Sequential multiple regressions were conducted with combined cross-sectional data derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 5,497) to assess relationships between sedentary behavior and BMI. Between 1997 and 2004, the amount of time children (6- to 11-year-olds) spent engaging in sedentary behavior increased from 1.71 to 3.14h/day (p < 0.05), while the amount of time adolescents (12- to 18-year-olds) spent engaging in sedentary behavior increased from 1.71 to 3.50h/day (p < 0.05). Studying before and after school and watching TV/videos each accounted for about half the increase in sedentary behavior. Both watching TV/videos and studying before and after school were significantly and positively associated with BMI in males, but not in females. With the growing amount of time Chinese school children and adolescents study outside of school and watch TV/videos, Chinese youth are increasingly likely to become more overweight unless population-based prevention actions are taken.

Combined HERA deep inelastic scattering data and NLO QCD fits

Previously published data on inclusive neutral and charged current e+p and e-p deep inelastic scattering from HERA have been combined. The new, model-independent method of combining the measured cross sections takes full account of correlated systematics in a coherent way, leading to significantly reduced uncertainties in the combined measurement across the (x, Q^2) plane. The combined cross section data have been used as the sole input for a new next-to-leading order QCD fit to extract the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. The PDFs extracted have greatly reduced experimental uncertainties, compared to separate QCD analyses on data from H1 and ZEUS. Model uncertainties, including those arising from the parameterisation dependence, have also been carefully considered. The resulting HERA PDFs have impressive precision.

Determinants of the Regional Demand for Higher Education in The Netherlands: A Gravity Model Approach

Sá C., Florax R. J. G. M. and Rietveld P. (2004) Determinants of the regional demand for higher education in The Netherlands: a gravity model approach, Reg. Studies 38, 375–392. Studies on the determinants of the demand for higher education typically emphasize the relevance of socio-economic factors, but leave the spatial dimensions of the prospective students’ university choices largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the determinants of university entrance for Dutch high school graduates in 2000, and pay particular attention to the attractiveness of the university, both in terms of its accessibility and the educational quality of its programme. We combine cross-section data on the region of origin of the high school graduate and the university destination region for first-year students with regional and university characteristics in a production-constrained gravity model. The main finding of the study is that the behaviour of prospective students is governed by a distance deterrence effect and a downward rent effect, but a positive impact results from regional/urban amenities rather than from the educational quality of the university programmes.

Determinants of the Regional Demand for Higher Education: A Gravity Model Approach

Studies on the determinants of the demand for higher education typically emphasize the relevance of socio-economic factors, but leave the spatial dimensions of the prospective students' university choices largely explored. In this study, we investigate the determinants of university entrance for Dutch high school graduates in 2000, and pay particular attention to the attractiveness of the university, both in terms of its accessibility and the educational quality of its programme. We combine cross-section data on the region of origin of the high school graduate and the university destination region for first-year students with regional and university characteristics in a production-constrained gravity model. The main finding of the study is that the behaviour of prospective students is governed by a negative distance deterrence effect and a downward rent effect, but a positive impact results from regional/urban amenities rather than from the educational quality of the university programmes.