Combined Wastewater Treatment Plants Research Articles

Coagulation- and Adsorption-Based Environmental Impact Assessment and Textile Effluent Treatment

Disposal of industrial effluents (especially the textile industry) into the drains without prior treatment is a common practice that affects aquatic life and pollutes the soil and groundwater quality. Textile effluents contain organic and inorganic pollutants in terms of high pH, suspended and dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, heavy metals, and many other contaminants. Therefore, it is obligatory to dispose off wastewater according to environmental standards. The present study is planned to determine textile wastewater characteristics and recommend efficient and economical treatment options. Wastewater samples from three different industries were collected and analyzed. Nine different treatments using different dosages of alum, activated carbon, and their mixture were used to investigate treatment performance. Analysis of variance and correlation was used to optimize the results. A highly significant correlation was found among the treatments ranging from 92 to 100% for observed parameters. pH, chemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were removed significantly. A combination of alum and activated carbon found to be the most efficient treatment. Based on the highly significant results among different parameters, a combined wastewater treatment plant is recommended for a cluster of industrial units.

Investigation and Analysis on Operation of Combined Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sunny and Rainy Days

In this paper, investigation and analysis on the operation of 3 combined wastewater treatment plants in sunny and rainy days in Wuhan city was made. The operations of lifting pumping stations in these plants were inspected. During sunny days, the processing units and equipments in these plants run in nearly full load and the load can only increase in a small quantity in rainy days. But the total waster water quantity in Wuhan in rainy days would reach to ten times more than wastewater quantity in sunny days. A large amount of untreated wastewater overflows from the channels to the bodies and causes heavy pollution to the water environment.

Biogas availability and its energy use in combined wastewater treatment plants (CWWTP)

CWWTP are sanitation facilities formed by the coupling of an aerobic post-treatment (i.e. activated sludge, extended aeration, etc.) with a primary anaerobic treatment (i.e. UASB). In these combined arrangements, usually biogas produced in the UASB units is used to drive mechanical energy for aeration requirements in the secondary treatment (i.e. Activated Sludge, AS). Quality of effluents from CWWTP is similar to those from AS processes but combined treatments could become completely self-sufficient in energy consumption. In this manner, CWWTP improve the carbon-sequestration potential in the sanitation sector by increasing the capture of methane-rich biogas and its energy utilization. This study show how effluent quality parameters and energy demand in the AS unit can be influenced by control, sludge external recirculation and aeration strategies. Modelling and simulation tests, have allowed identifying operational conditions for potential energy savings and rational use of the biogas energy available in a full-scale CWWTP treating municipal sewage.

Sustainable industrial development and environment protection: An emerging perspective

AbstractA concept of an integrated industrial complex encompassing three major industries; viz. sugar, distillery and paper along with a cogeneration plant (generating electricity and process steam required by the industries in the complex) is presented in this article. Molasses and bagasse generated in the sugar industry are proposed to be used by the distillery and paper industry respectively. Surplus bagasse would be used as fuel in cogeneration plant. Sugar, distillery, and paper industries generate high strength wastewater in large volume, which when treated anaerobically produces biogas. This scheme would provide twin advantages of pollution load reduction at low cost coupled with energy production, which will also partially meet the energy requirement of the industrial complex. The entailing benefits would be reduction in fuel consumption and lower air emissions. Low strength wastewater from different processes as well as sewage from industries and townships can be treated in a combined wastewater treatment plant. The treated wastewater can be recycled/reused for industrial as well as for irrigation purposes in the complex and/or nearby industries and agricultural land. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008

Computer Control Applications in Combined Waste Water Treatment Plants

During the past years one amplified research topic of the University of Applied Sciences in Hamburg was the purification of high nitrogen and methanol loaded waste water with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes. These include modern methods of bioprocess and automation technology as well as analytical techniques and simulation tools. The apparent processing was used to establish an advanced controlled waste water treatment process.

Concept development for the optimisation of the Hamburg Wastewater Treatment Plants

The Hamburger Stadtentwässerung (HSE) is planning to take on a further approximately 250,000 PE in addition to the 1.85 m PE already served by its combined wastewater treatment plants at Köhlbrandhöft/Dradenau. To cope with the increased load, a concept for the extension of the plants had to be developed. Various concepts were compared and evaluated using a dynamic computer simulation. The very wide-ranging simulation study showed that the required effluent standards can still be achieved after the volume of the sludge liquor storage capacity has been increased. As many concepts had been assessed in detail, the final solution chosen was considerably less expensive than if the wastewater treatment plants had been extended in a traditional manner.

Optimisation of the Hamburg wastewater treatment plants by dynamic simulation

At present the combined wastewater treatment plants Köhlbrandhöft/Dradenau serve approx. 1.85m PE for the treatment of Hamburg wastewater. It is planned to add a further 250,000 PE and therefore it is necessary to carry out optimisation measures. With the help of an extensive project for dynamic simulation, the necessary comparative tests were carried out. Various variants for the optimisation were tested and compared on the basis of 14-day and annual hydrographs. The results show clear differences in the performance of the variants. The dynamic simulation was able to provide very useful results on the basis of which decisions have been made on the most suitable measures to be taken in practice. During work on the project the creation of a project team consisting of representatives from the works (planning and operational staff) and the simulation expert, who cooperated intensively in working on the ideas and concepts, proved invaluable. It meant that wide-ranging possibilities for optimisation were tried out and plausible results achieved.

Optimisation of the Hamburg wastewater treatment plants by dynamic simulation

At present the combined wastewater treatment plants KShlbrandhdfUDradenau serve approx. 1.85m PE for the treatment of Hamburg wastewater. It is planned to add a further 250,000 PE and therefore it is necessary to carry out optimisation measures. With the help of an extensive project for dynamic simulation, the necessary comparative tests were carried out.Various variants for the optimisation were tested and compared on the basis of 14-day and annual hydrographs. The results show clear differences in the performance of the variants. The dynamic simulation was able to provide very useful results on the basis of which decisions have been made on the most suitable measures to be taken in practice.During work on the project the creation of a project team consisting of representatives from the works (planning and operational staff) and the simulation expert, who cooperated intensively in working on the ideas and concepts, proved invaluable. It meant that wide-ranging possibilities for optimisation were tried out and plausible results achieved.

Modeling and Control of the Activated Sludge Process by Use of Autoregressive Model

The authors have insisted that the control systems must be constructed hierarchically. In the bottom level of this system, the statistical model is suitable to express the dynamics of the activated sludge process. In this paper, it is shown that an AR model which belongs to the statistical model is applicable to the activated sludge process in the combined wastewater treatment plant. Next, it is discussed how to change the manipulated variables on purpose to clearly determine the effects of the manipulated variables, because the manipulated variables are generally maintained almost constant in the actual plants.