Aim: In the late XIXth and early XXth century Besim Ömer combined traditional methods with modern methods. Therefore he was among the founders of modern Turkish medicine. The general purpose of this research is to investigate whether Ottoman period medical books are a source of modern medicine by giving examples from Dr. Besim Ömer's medical book.Method: In this study, Ottoman medicine and today's medicine was compared and examined through Dr. Besim Ömer's book on pediatric diseases and with this method, the perspective of Ottoman medicine and modern medicine on similar diseases was examined. Results: In the Ottoman period medical work we examined, it was found that alternative treatments were offered to today's diseases. These findings were partially evaluated from the perspective of modern medicine. The findings revealed that Ottoman medicine constituted the prototype of today's diagnosis and treatment methods.Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the study, it was seen that Ottoman medicine offers different or similar treatments to the diseases that exist today. In addition to treating diseases, it is observed that the thesis of not catching the disease applied in preventive medicine practices is emphasized frequently. It is partially revealed in this study that the diseases seen in history continue today and how these diseases were diagnosed and treated in the past.