Combined Performance Analysis Research Articles

Elaborating the knowledge structure and emerging research trends of physical activity for multiple sclerosis: A bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2023

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis is a common inflammatory neurological disease among young adults and is the tenth leading cause of the global burden of disease. Existing common treatments such as pharmacological and palliative therapies do not control the neurodegenerative process or cure multiple sclerosis. Numerous epidemiological surveys, randomised controlled trials, and systematic reviews with meta-analyses support the effects of physical activity on health-related outcomes among patients with multiple sclerosis. Moreover, bibliometric analysis can provide a broad evidence synthesis beyond systematic reviews and meta-analyses, allowing researchers and other stakeholders to obtain a one-stop overview of this research field. Therefore, this bibliometric analysis aims to provide insight into the knowledge structure of the field of physical activity for multiple sclerosis over the past three decades, and to predict emerging research trends. MethodsThis study strictly complied with step-by-step guidelines of bibliometric analysis, combining performance analysis and science mapping. Four indexes from the Web of Science Core Collection were selected as data sources, and articles and review articles in the field of physical activity for multiple sclerosis from 1994 to 2023 were included in this analysis. Mircrosoft Excel, RStudio, VOSviewer 1.6.20, and CiteSpace 6.3.R1 (64-bit) Advanced were used to perform performance analysis and science mapping. ResultsOver the past three decades, this field published a total of 1,271 documents, with the scientific output showing a rapid upward trend over the past two decades. Robbert W Motl was the most prolific author in this field, with a total of 300 publications. The USA contributed nearly half of the publications in this field (549 documents), and the University of Illinois System was the institution with the highest number of publications (222 documents). Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders was the journal that published the highest number of documents in this field (117 documents), while more than a third of this field's publications were included in the category: Clinical Neurology (438 documents). The Reference co-citation analysis identified three main research trends, including shifts in research methodology, changes in health outcomes in randomised controlled trials, and shifts in different types of physical activity interventions. Combining the results from reference co-citation analysis and citation burst analysis, the combination of behaviour change technique and telerehabilitation may be the emerging research trend. ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis identifies rapid growth in the field of physical activity for multiple sclerosis over the past two decades. Moreover, the combination of performance analysis and science mapping provides insight into knowledge structure in this field and informed future research trends for researchers and the relevant stakeholders.

Public Value Creation in Local Government Context: A Bibliometric Analysis

The purpose of this study is to identify the development of the public value creation’s concept in the context of local government in the last twenty years (2002 – 2022). The 177 scientific publications in the form of articles and conference papers that were selected from the Scopus Database were further analyzed using bibliometric analysis, which combined performance analysis and science mapping techniques. The analysis results show an increase in the number of publications dominated by western countries which can be categorized into five research clusters: e-government, smart city, public governance, co-creation, and public management. The researcher recommends fifteen research topics that can be explored further in future research.

ISO 50001 based energy management system: a bibliometric perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the bibliometric characteristics of the ISO 50001 publication, map the state of the art of the research topic and identify future research issues.Design/methodology/approachThis research is a bibliometric study. The data were collected from Scopus. Both performance and science mapping analysis were performed.FindingsThe research results showed the top author, paper and country of ISO 50001 publications. There are four author collaboration clusters and five country collaboration clusters. Eight research themes were mapped into four quadrants based on the density and centrality. The bibliometric coupling analysis showed six research clusters. Finally, the research issues were mapped. The implications were discussed.Practical implicationsThis research gave several implications for researchers, practitioners and public policymakers. For researchers, the bibliometric analysis provides several research issues that can be followed up by future research. For practitioners, the bibliometric analysis showed that applied tools and methods that can assist the implementation of ISO 50001-based energy management have been developed. For public policymakers, the bibliometric analysis offered the knowledge structure on ISO 50001 that can be used in public policymaking development. The author collaboration cluster and the bibliometric coupling cluster can be used to trace the scientific information that is needed as the foundation of public policy.Originality/valueMany ISO 50001 studies have been performed. However, based on the search in several main academic scientific paper databases, there is no bibliometric study on the research topic. This is the first bibliometric study on ISO 50001 publication. This study takes a holistic approach combining performance analysis and science mapping analysis that includes elaborated thematic mapping and evolution analysis.

Macroscopic spray behavior in pressurized chamber alongside thermal performance of quaternary castor biodiesel with butanol and 1-butoxybutane

Biofuels derived from non-edible resources such as castor biodiesel have gained considerable attention. However, a combined spray and performance analysis of ternary and quaternary blends of castor biodiesel has not been performed. Hence, we investigated the effect of butanol and 1-butoxybutane on castor biodiesel. Macroscopic spray properties at 500 &1000 bar injection and 2 & 8 bar chamber pressures were investigated, while the performance was evaluated in diesel engine under 4 different loads ranging from 1.43 kW to 4.23 kW. Spray analysis revealed that the 20% castor biodiesel blend on average showed the maximum variation from diesel with difference of +7.24% for penetration length, −13.51% for spray cone angle and −10.12% for spray area. The quaternary blend with 10% butanol and 1-butoxybutane on average showed the least variation from diesel in terms of spray penetration (+2.07%), cone angle (−1.21%) and area (−2.11%). All the fuels showed greater fuel consumption than diesel except BB10BT10 (−2.5%) which also had better thermal efficiency (+1.72%). Hence, BB10BT10 had the optimum performance and spray quality among the tested fuels. The findings will be helpful for environmentally friendly and economically viable renewable energy sources based on castor biodiesel.

Performance Evaluation and Identification of New Quality Protein Maize Inbred Lines

Background: Maize plays a critical role in meeting high food demand. It is a globally widely adopted and cultivated crop. Hybrid and open-pollinated varieties development from fixed inbred lines is one of the strategies for the improvement of maize production. Compared with the world average, the national average maize yield is low in Ethiopia. According to this development and selection of promising germplasm has indispensable value for developing high-yielding maize varieties. The study consists of 21Quality Protein Maize (QPM) lines, two QPM testers lines, and one Conventional Maize (CM) line check (FS67). They were evaluated in RCBD with two replications at Ambo and Arsi-Negele. The objective was to identify new lines with good performance compared with released QPM checks and CM lines.
 Results: There is a significant difference between the lines for 28 traits in Ambo and 24 traits at Arsi-Negele. In combined mean performance analysis, the highest yielding line (L8) exceeded the mean of all line checks, mean QPM checks, CM line check (FS67), and best QPM line check (CML144) by 34.89%, 54.80%, 7.30%, and 25.31%, respectively for GY. The value of EPP ranged from 0.91 (L14) to 1.85 (L3) with an overall mean of 1.19). The highest yielding line (L8) had the 2nd highest EPP (1.63). Mean EPP of the top five QPM lines was less by 5.45%, 4.96%, 22.41%, and 6.41% compared with the mean of all checks, mean of QPM line checks, best QPM check, and CM line check, respectively. The high yielder line (L8) had a higher mean value than the mean of lines checks (CML144, CML159, and FS67), mean of QPM lines checks, best QPM check (CML144), and FS67 by 25.71%, 26.36%, 3.16%, and 24.43%, respectively.
 Conclusion: In general, the study confirmed the existence of promising new QPM parental lines. These promising lines can be used as source material in the breeding program for further improvement.

Design and experiments of ultra-precision aerostatic turning machine tool

Ultra-precision turning is one of the commonly machining methods to obtain high-quality optical components. Ultra-precision turning machine tools are the industrial equipment that realize ultra-precision turning process. In this paper, a combined design, performance analysis and experimental verification are carried out to build an ultra-precision aerostatic turning machine tool (UPATMT), which adopts aerostatic support systems for the spindle system and the feed system. Firstly, the mathematical model and physical model of UPATMT are established, and the dynamic performance of UPATMT model is carried out and analyzed by finite element method. In addition, the electromechanical control system is simulated and analyzed to obtain better dynamic performance. Finally, the modal tests and turning experiments are carried out on a homemade UPATMT platform. The machined workpiece surface roughness is measured, the arithmetical mean deviation of the workplace surface roughness is Ra 7.4 nm, and the maximum peak valley height of workplace surface roughness Rz 34.4 nm. The results show that electromechanical coupling analysis can obtain high machining performance of UPATMT.

Performance analysis of PCM-fin combination for heat abatement of Li-ion battery pack in electric vehicles at high ambient temperature

• Lithium-ion battery pack performance in the hyper ambient condition is investigated. • A novel passive cooling technique with PCM and longitudinal fins has been proposed. • The performance is evaluated based on the overall temperature coefficient. • Temperature variation among cells in the pack is maintained close to 5 K. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery’s performance in an electric vehicle is highly susceptible to the driving cycle and ambient conditions. Overloading of the Li-ion battery during adverse driving conditions can cause thermal runaway. The results can be hazardous if the implications are ignored. Thus, thermal management of the Li-ion battery pack is crucial. This study presents the results of a parametric investigation of the thermal behaviour of Li-ion battery pack in high ambient temperature for different power conditions. A novel passive cooling arrangement of fins and phase change material (PCM) is proposed as a passive solution. The PCM layers are crammed in between batteries, and PCM layers of three different thicknesses, 7 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm, are considered for the parametric study. Additional improvement in the design is made by inserting eight aluminium longitudinal fins along the vertical cross-section of the cells. The analysis revealed that the maximum temperature of the proposed battery pack dropped by 16 K, 22 K, and 26 K for the PCM thicknesses of 7 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm, respectively, when 30 mm long longitudinal fins are employed. It was also observed that the minimum liquid fraction improved by 91.7 % by increasing the PCM thickness and fin length, which can give an extra time window for peak heat absorption to the PCM material. The longitudinal fins employed as an additional heat sink improved the temperature distribution among the cells and capped disparities in temperature distribution close to 5 K.

Humbug and outrage: A study of performance, gender and affective atmosphere in the mediation of a critical parliamentary moment

In a Parliament called back following its unlawful prorogation in September 2019, Prime Minister Boris Johnson touched a raw nerve by stating that the ‘best way to honour Jo Cox’s memory is to get Brexit done’. Johnson had earlier dismissed concerns about threats to Members of Parliament which echoed his inflammatory language as ‘humbug’. We examine this critical parliamentary moment in the context of broader discussions about emotionality, toxic discourse and polarisation in the United Kingdom. The study combines performance analysis of the Hansard transcripts and UK Parliament YouTube coverage of the debate, with discourse analysis of national and local newspaper coverage from 25 September to 1 October 2019. We contend that in-depth examination of this moment, alongside the subsequent journalistic commentary, contributes an original case study which works to illuminate the intersections of political performance, affective atmospheres and gender in contemporary mediated political culture.

Effect of interface curvature on isothermal heat transfer in a hydrophobic microchannel with transverse ribs and cavities

Superhydrophobic microchannels have been found to deliver remarkable frictional flow resistance reduction owing to entrapped air on its surface micro texture. However, the entrapped air may adversely affect the heat transfer performance of the channel due to the increased thermal resistance offered by air. Hence the suitability of superhydrophobic microchannels in micro-scale heat transfer applications can only be ascertained through a combined thermo-hydraulic performance analysis which provides the trade-off between the decreased frictional resistance and increased thermal resistance. In this work, the thermo-hydraulic performance of a superhydrophobic microchannel consisting of transverse ribs and cavities is numerically investigated, at isothermal wall conditions, using CFD software Ansys-Fluent. The ribs and cavities that make up the channel wall can be represented by alternate no-slip (isothermal rib) and shear-free (adiabatic meniscus) zones. The liquid-gas interface formed at the cavity that separates the core flow and entrapped air forms convex, flat or concave menisci depending on the Laplace pressure. The effect of menisci shape on the combined thermo-hydraulic performance is studied for different gas-fractions and protrusion angles. The Nusselt number (Nu), Poiseuille number (fRe) and its ratio (Nu/fRe), are estimated for each case under convective heat transport settings. Increased shear-free fraction leads to an increase in the thermo-hydraulic performance. The concave menisci exhibited a uniform Nu irrespective of the protrusion angle, since the liquid near the interface is almost stagnant between successive no-slip riblets. In contrast, the convex interface demonstrated a drop in Nu with the rise in protrusion angle. The ribbed hydrophobic channel exhibited better performance than a no-slip classical channel having uniform heating for a protrusion angle range of -20°<0<+20° at different shear-free fractions. Moreover, the maximum thermo-hydraulic performance is observed for a nearly flat profile, which is in-line with the previous experimental observations. The thermal boundary layer development over the ribs and cavities is found to significantly influence the assessment of Nu and consequently the typical usage of a periodic boundary condition induces appreciable error in Nu estimation. For instance, a hydrophobic microchannel formed with 20 repeating units of ribs and cavities exhibited an error of 27% in Nu estimation in comparison with the asymptotic Nu, at a moderate Reynolds number of 100. Furthermore, two-phase VOF simulations are performed to compare the heat transfer characteristics of ribbed channels with and without the presence of entrapped air inside the cavities. Finally, the suitability of shear-free and adiabatic conditions is underscored through multi-phase simulations.

Combined Geometric Positioning and Performance Analysis of Multi-Resolution Optical Imageries from Satellite and Aerial Platforms Based on Weighted RFM Bundle Adjustment

Combined geometric positioning using images with different resolutions and imaging sensors is being increasingly widely utilized in practical engineering applications. In this work, we attempt to perform the combined geometric positioning and performance analysis of multi-resolution optical images from satellite and aerial platforms based on weighted rational function model (RFM) bundle adjustment without using ground control points (GCPs). Firstly, we introduced an integrated image matching method combining least squares and phase correlation. Next, for bundle adjustment, a combined model of the geometric positioning based on weighted RFM bundle adjustment was derived, and a method for weight determination was given to make the weights of all image points variable. Finally, we conducted experiments using a case study in Shanghai with ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) satellite imagery, GeoEye-1 satellite imagery, and Digital Mapping Camera (DMC) aerial imagery to validate the effectiveness of the proposed weighted method, and to investigate the positioning accuracy by using different combination scenarios of multi-resolution heterogeneous images. The experimental results indicate that the proposed weighted method is effective, and the positioning accuracy of different combination scenarios can give a good reference for the combined geometric positioning of multi-stereo heterogeneous images in future practical engineering applications.

Aerial, apparatus, assemblage: Pain, pleasure, kink, and the circus body without organs

Addressing intersections of performances, practices, and practitioners of circus aerial and BDSM, I investigate how “play” manifests in both activities. Circus aerial and kink both involve forms of play that experiment with what is possible, tenable, and worthwhile for bodies to do under restrictive and painful conditions. Both practices are both pleasurable and serious, seeking transcendent, less “controlled” experiences, while maintaining the level of control necessary in forms of play involving real risk. Aerialists select their performance apparatuses not just aesthetically, but for the planes of intensity that playing on and with them enables them to traverse in experimentation and performance, mirroring the complex factors determining an individual’s preferred forms of kink play. Combining performance analysis, interviews with kink-involved circus aerial performers, and my own experience as an aerialist and a kink practitioner, in conversation with theories of play and of sexuality, I explore how intersections of pain, pleasure, and play in BDSM and aerial practice inform each other on embodied and aesthetic registers. I argue that, as an assemblage of aerialist and apparatus, the performer engages in a Deleuzian act of becoming, evoking a Body without Organs that, in its play of intensities, is more than incidentally masochistic.

A combined theoretical and experimental performance analysis of a grid-tied photovoltaic system in semi-arid climate : a case study in Ghardaia, Algeria

ABSTRACT Both theoretical study, experimental validation, and outdoor performance assessment of a single grid-connected photovoltaic plant installed on the roof of the car parking located in Renewable Energy Applied Research Unit (URAER), Ghardaia, southern of Algeria have been carried out in this paper. The plant is made up of 16 micro-amorphous modules of 125 Wp and one SMA sunny boy inverter of 3 kW. The results presented were based on experimental data recorded after about three and a half years; from May 18, 2015 to December 31, 2018. The first part of this work, modeling, and validation by the experimental data of photovoltaic array (DC side) based on the Linear Reoriented Coordinates Method (LRCM) and grid-connected inverter (AC side) based on the model developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The results show a good agreement between measured and calculated data (current, voltage, power, and efficiency). The second part of the work is to investigate the operational performance and efficiency of the PV plant from the measured daily power generation and weather as recommended in the International Electro Technical Commission IEC 61724. The performance-computed parameters are based on monthly average daily values, including DC and AC energy generated, reference yield array yield final yield temperature losses PV, inverter and system efficiency, capacity factor performance ratio, and others as defined in IEC. The total output energy PV installation generated during the measured period was of 12944, 44 kWh and the total energy output delivered into URAER internal grid was 12292, 16 kWh. Furthermore, the average daily array yield, final yield, and reference yield varied from a minimum to a maximum value of 2.62 kWh/kWp-6.41 kWh/kWp, 2.51kWh/kWp-6.29kWh/kWp, and 2.39kWh/kWp-6.06kWh/kWp, respectively. In addition, the average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency, and inverter efficiency varied from a minimum to a maximum value of 8.21-9.00%, 7.56-8.35%, and 94-95%, respectively. The array capture losses, system losses, capacity factor, and performance ratio varied from a minimum to a maximum value of 0.053 kWh/kWp-0.42 kWh/kWp, 0.1206 kWh/kWp-0.31kWh/kWp, 10.30%-26.10%, 79.13%-82.52%, respectively. These results highlight the relatively good performance of PV plants installed in the southern region of Algeria.

Narrowing the Gaps: Assessment of Logistics Firms’ Information Technology Flexibility for Sustainable Growth

In a supply chain management context, the effective management of Information Technology (IT) flexibility has been an issue to be resolved. However, no analytical method that calculates the required and actual level of IT flexibility dimensions has been proposed. This paper aims to provide an analytical tool that measures the required and actual levels of IT flexibility dimensions to provide the best value from a logistics firm’s IT flexibility. To do so, we propose a combined Importance‒Performance Analysis (IPA) and Partial Least Squared Structured Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method based on a multidimensional IT flexibility model. By comparing industry-level data with client firm data, our method allows for effective identification of a client logistics company’s multiple IT flexibility gaps and indicates where particular management interventions are required. By proposing importance and performance as measurement scales, our research suggests an analytical tool that managers can utilize to assess IT flexibility and identify any gaps that exist between actual and required flexibility levels. This allows managers to effectively address areas that demand further attention. This approach also leads to an improved understanding of how organisations can extract the best value from their investment in IT flexibility to contribute to sustainable growth.

Performance analysis of combination of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) algorithms with preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation algorithm (PROMETHEE II) in the ranking process to determine the increase in employee class

In this study conducted a Performance Analysis of the Combination of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) Algorithm with the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation algorithm (PROMETHEE II) in the ranking process to determine the increase in employee groups. From the results of the experiment the Performance Analysis of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) Algorithm with the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation algorithm (PROMETHEE II) in the ranking process to determine the increase in the employee class obtained by the average employee considered at 62.31%. Seeing the percentage value considered with the Promethee algorithm (45.33%) lower than the Fuzzy AHP algorithm (79.30%), it can be said that the Combination Fuzzy AHP algorithm with Promethee is more selective in the weighting and ranking process.

On the Environmental and Social Sustainability of Technological Innovations in Urban Bus Transport: The EU Case

Logistics in urban areas are currently suffering a radical transformation due to increasing population concentration and the massive use of cars as the preferred transport mode. These issues have resulted in higher pollution levels in urban environments and traffic congestion, impacting the world globally. Facilitating the use of sustainable transport modes is widely regarded as a necessity to cope with these adverse effects on citizens’ life quality. Hence, some regions, such as the European Union, are encouraging bus transport firms to make their business models more environmentally and socially sustainable. The aim of this research is thus to explore how technological innovations adopted by urban bus companies can improve cities’ sustainability. With this in mind, a combined Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)–Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied. In this way, their environmental and social sustainability effects were separately represented through hierarchical structures. Subsequently, the importance and performance ratings of technological innovations in each sustainability dimension were estimated, and thus two IPA grids were generated. These grids support managers in the establishment of more effective action plans to improve logistics sustainability in cities. The findings also provide guidance to governments on the technological innovations that should be promoted in future urban mobility plans.

Combined cycle performance evaluation of a simple and adapted aeroderivative gas turbines

A combined cycle performance analysis of an aeroderivative gas turbine model in simple, reheat, and recuperation modes respectively is presented. The combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) was modeled with the CFM 56-5C2 aeroderivative gas turbine version. The investigation considered various heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) efficiencies and steam pressures between 80 to 90 % and 40 to 100 bar respectively in simple, reheat and recuperation gas turbine (GT) modes. Results showed that 58 % overall thermal efficiency (TE) and 26.8 MW power output (PO) were obtained at increasing HRSG efficiency and steam pressures respectively due to low exhaust gas temperature (EGT). Also owing to 1500 K reheating of the aeroderivative gas turbine, the EGT was enhanced by 64% (996.7 K). Overall PO and overall TE of 47.6 MW and 62.3 % respectively were achievable in the CCGT analysis with HRSG efficiency of 90% and increasing steam pressure from 40 to 100 bar. Conversely, a combination of reheat and recuperation had a much higher thermal efficiency of 63.4 % but a little lower exhaust gas temperature of 874.2 K. Therefore, aeroderivatives of the CFM 565-C2 gas turbine is recommended for CCGT applications due to its high thermal efficiency (&gt; 60 %), higher power to weight ratios and high EGTs.Keywords: Combined cycle, performance, aeroderivative, gas turbine, reheat, and recuperation

Preparation and Performance Analysis of Lignocellulose Water Retention Agent and Combination with Coal Gangue Ceramsite

Environmental friendly water retention agent has been widely used in agriculture, since its ability to absorb water, hold in water, resist salt. In this study, the water rentention agent was polymerized with using wood cellulose as raw material, acrylamide as monomer, N, N - methylene double acrylamide as crosslinking agent, ammonium persulfate as the initiator. The optimized technological conditions was obtained by the orthogonal experiments: the quality ratio of cellulose and acrylamide was in 1:6, ammonium persulfate was 1.5 wt%(of the total amount of cellulose and monomer), N, N - methylene double acrylamide 0.25 wt%(of the total amount of cellulose and monomer). The maximum water absorbency of water retention agent was 330.07g/g in distilled water and 117.48g/g in 0.9 wt% KCl solution. On the basis of this, using water retention agent as the coating for coal gangue ceramsite, and the maximum water absorbency of water retention agent was 332.15g/g in distilled water and 118.91g/g in 0.9wt% KCl solution. The results show that adopting above process not only can obtain good water retention agent, but also can enhance the water retention and salt resistance by using with ceramsite.

Modeling, Control Design, and Combined Plant/Controller Optimization for an Energy-Harvesting Tethered Wing

This paper presents a combined plant and controller performance analysis and optimization for a tethered rigid wing with on-board rotors, flying in crosswind patterns. Specifically, we use a 3-D model of the tethered wing to assess the influence of critical design parameters on both quality of flight and energy-generation performance, as quantified by the “Loyd Factor,” which compares energy-generation performance to a theoretical upper bound. Recognizing that the optimal performance occurs when the system is on the verge of closed-loop instability, we demonstrate how a combined optimization of the plant and controller can aid in further pushing the boundaries of the system. The results of this combined optimization show a critical tradeoff between robustness and energy-generation performance. We demonstrate that attaining maximum energy-generation performance requires operating on the verge of closed-loop instability and also results in a reduced set of parameters for which the system is stable.

Performance analysis of combination of ultra-capacitor and superconducting magnetic energy storage in a thermal-gas AGC system with utilization of whale optimization algorithm optimized cascade controller

The present article deals with automatic generation control of a three-area multi-source thermal-gas (T-G) system with integration of distributed generation (DG), electric vehicles (EVs), and energy storage devices. Each thermal unit is equipped with a single reheat turbine, a generation rate constraint, and a governor dead band. A cascade combination of two degree of freedom proportional-integral-derivative with a filter (2DOF-PIDN) and a fractional order integrator controller [(2DOF-PIDN)-FOI] is proposed as the secondary controller for the system. A meta-heuristic algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, is utilized for simultaneous optimization of gains and other parameters of controllers PIDN, PIDN-FOI, and (2DOF-PIDN)-FOI. Critical observation reveals the superiority of the latter in terms of peak deviations and settling time (ST) for the T-G system under both step load perturbation and random load perturbation. Eigen value analysis is also performed for the T-G system with and without secondary controllers. Analyses show noticeable improvement on the T-G system with incorporation of both DG and EV. Investigations infer that combined involvement of energy storage devices like ultra-capacitors and superconducting magnetic energy storage devices along with DG and EV leads to better performance regarding the reduced peak deviations, magnitude of oscillations, and settling time for the T-G system. Moreover, sensitivity analysis reveals that (2DOF-PIDN)-FOI controller parameters obtained at nominal conditions are robust and there is no need to reset again with a wide variation of system parameters like the inertia constant and area participation factor and system conditions like loading and disturbance.

The Effect of Ar/O2 and H2O Plasma Treatment of SnO2 Nanoparticles and Nanowires on Carbon Monoxide and Benzene Detection.

As the final piece of a broader study on structure-property performance of SnO2 sensors, this study examines the performance of sensors created from tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) nanowires and nanoparticles as a function of temperature for untreated (UT) devices as well as those treated using Ar/O2 and H2O plasmas. Nanoparticle and nanowire sensors were exposed to air, carbon monoxide (CO), or benzene (C6H6) to determine sensor response (Rair/Rgas) and sensitivity (Rair/Rgas > 1 or Rgas/Rair > 1). Although both Ar/O2 and H2O plasma modification minimally increase sensor sensitivity toward CO and C6H6 under most conditions, this study explores initial plasma parameters of a wide array of plasma precursors to better understand the materials properties and gas-phase species that lead to specific sensing capabilities. In particular, certain Ar/O2 and H2O plasma treatment conditions resulted in increased sensitivity over UT nanomaterials at 25 and 50 °C, but of greatest importance is the knowledge gained from the combined materials, gas-phase, and sensor performance analysis that provide greater insight for effectively selecting future materials and modification systems to achieve optimal gas sensor performance.