Combined Inoculation Of Rhizobium Research Articles

EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA AND RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUNG (VIGNA RADIATA) PLANT

In this study, the effect of Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungal spores were examined on Vigna radiata (Mung bean). Seeds of Mung bean var. PDM-139-SAMRAT were sown in plastic pots, in the mixture of half soil and half sand. Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungal spores inoculated individually and in combination with mung seeds. After germination data have been reported for plant height, leaf area, number of root nodules and pods, chlorophyll amount and yield measured after 30,45,60,75,90 and 120 days of sowing. Results of these experiments showed that Rhizobium and mycorrhiza positively affected the growth and yield of mung plant. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium and mycorrhiza shows better results in comparison to their individual inoculation. Mixture of Rhizobium and mycorrhizal spores improve the growth, yield, number of root nodules and pods, leaf area and chlorophyll amount of mung plant.

Increase in defense response of biocontrol agents for reduction of Cercospora leaf spot of greengram (Vigna radiata L.)

In addition to the prevalent practice of seed inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria, several other biological control agents are also applied to green gram in the form of seed treatment particularly for organic cultivation of green gram. To study the effect of such seed inoculation treatments with biological agents on reduction of cercospora leaf spot disease as well as its component characters, a field experiment was conducted during summer season, 2015 at the organic plot of the Instructional Cum Research (ICR) Farm of Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Jorhat. Seeds of green gram variety Pratap (SG-1) were treated with microbial formulations of Rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and their combinations. The seven treatments consisted of-Rhizobium (T1), Trichoderma harzianum (T2), Trichoderma viride (T3), Bacillus megaterium (T4), Trichoderma harzianum + Trichoderma viride + Bacillus megaterium (T5), Rhizobium + Trichoderma harzianum + Trichoderma viride + Bacillus megaterium (T6) and Control (T7). The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with four replications. The unit plot size was 1.5 m x 3 m with a row to row spacing of 30 cm and 10 cm between plants. Seeds treated with combined inoculation of Rhizobium @ 4 g + Bacillus megaterium @ 5ml/1000 ml of water + Trichoderma harzianum @ 5ml/1000 ml of water + Trichoderma viride @ 5ml/1000 ml of water (T6) recorded significantly higher response in terms of reduction of percentage of disease occurance. These results, thus, indicated that the combined inoculation treatment of Rhizobium with other biological agents improves vigour characteristics, seed yield as well as increasing the efficiency of defense response mechanism thereby reducing the occurance of cercospora leaf spot in green gram.

Influence of crop establishment and microbial inoculants on profitability and nutrient concentrations of summer greengram (Vigna radiata)

It was concluded that zero tillage with 2.5 t/ha residue of chickpea crop and combined inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB + AM Fungi gave higher productivity and profitability as well as enhanced macro and micro nutrients in grain and stover of summer greengram over the other methods of crop establishment, viz. conventional and zero tillage without microbial inoculation. Thus farmers may inoculate with combination of Rhizobium+ PSB + AM Fungi in summer greengram and sow the crop through zero tillage with 2.5 t/ ha crop residue to get higher productivity, profitability and nutrient concentration in grain.

Co-inoculation of rhizobia, azospirilla and cyanobacteria for increasing common bean production

The combined inoculation of Rhizobium (R. tropici+R. freirei), Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica, a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, is a technology that has not yet been tested and established in the production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The inoculation may be a promising strategy for increasing crop productivity by combining the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation with the production of plant growth phytohormones. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the co-inoculation of Rhizobium, Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica as an alternative method for optimizing the symbiotic performance and development of the common bean at greenhouse conditions. The treatments were as follows: (T1) control without N and inoculation, (T2) N addition (100 kg N ha-1), (T3) Riz (addition of R. tropici+R. freirei), (T4) Azo (Azospirillum brasilense addition), (T5) Ana (Anabaena cylindrical addition), (T6) Riz+Azo, (T7) Riz+Ana, (T8) Azo+Ana, (T9) Riz+Azo+Ana. We used a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant. We observed an increase in common bean grain yield ranging from 62 to 84% after double and triple co-inoculation of rhizobia with azospirilla and/or cyanobacteria, with the highest yield observed in the plants inoculated with Riz+Azo+Ana (84%), similar to those observed in plants after N addition. However, field experiments are necessary to elucidate the performances of the inoculated beneficial microorganisms.

Influence of Crop Establishment Practices and Microbial Inoculants on Nodulation of Summer Green Gram (Vigna radiata) and Soil Quality Parameters

A field experiment was carried out during summer season in 2018 at New Delhi to study the effect of crop establishment practices and microbial inoculation on nodulation of summer green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and soil quality parameters. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment included nine treatment combinations including three crop establishment practices viz., conventional tillage, zero tillage and zero tillage with chick pea residue @ 2.5 t/ha in main plots and three microbial inoculation treatment viz., control (no inoculation), dual inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB and combined inoculation of Rhizobium+ Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) + Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi in sub-plots. Results showed that zero tillage with residue produced significantly higher no. of root nodules/plant and root nodule weight/ plant at 25, 35 and 45 DAS. The same treatment showed significantly superior soil chemical parameters viz., available N, P and K and soil microbial parameters like dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) over other two treatments. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium+ PSB + AM Fungi was significantly superior to other two treatments with regard to no. of root nodules/ plant and root nodule weight/ plant at 25, 35 and 45 DAS, soil chemical and microbial parameters.

Influence of Seed Inoculation Treatments on Yield and Quality of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

To study the effect of seed inoculation treatments with biological agents on seed germination, field emergence and its effect on seed during summer season. Seeds of green gram variety Pratap (SG-1) were treated with microbial formulations of seven treatments which consisted of-Rhizobium (T1), Trichoderma harzianum (T2), Trichoderma viride (T3), Bacillus megaterium (T4), Trichoderma harzianum + Trichoderma viride + Bacillus megaterium (T5), Rhizobium + Trichoderma harzianum + Trichoderma viride + Bacillus megaterium (T6) and Control (T7). Shoot length, root length and seedling dry weight were recorded after 20 days of sowing, observations on nodulation, yield and yield contributing characters were recorded at maturity and germination characteristics of the seeds were studied in the laboratory. It was observed that seeds treated with combined inoculation of Rhizobium @ 4 g + Bacillus megaterium @ 5ml/1000 ml of water + Trichoderma harzianum @ 5ml/1000 ml of water + Trichoderma viride @ 5ml/1000 ml of water (T6) recorded significantly higher field emergence (91.25%), speed of emergence (42.14), seedling dry weight (1.67mg), shoot length (25.48 cm), seed yield (992 kg ha-1), Stover yield (1870 kg ha-1), number of pods plant-1 (37), number of seeds pod-1 (13.25), 100 seed weight (3.63g) root length (9.22 cm) and nodulation (15).

Combined inoculation of rhizobia on the cowpea development in the soil of Cerrado

BBiological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays an important role in the cowpea cultivation. This study aimed to assess the foliar levels of chlorophyll and the yield components of cowpea subjected to combined inoculation of rhizobia in Cerrado soil. The experiment was carried out in field conditions, from December of 2014 to the march of 2015, in Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso, using randomized block design with ten treatments and three replicates. Were tested the single strains MT8 and MT15 (both of R. tropici), MT16 (R. leguminosarum), BR3267 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), the strains combinations MT8+MT15, MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15+MT16, nitrogen fertilization (70 kg ha-1 of N-urea), and absolute control (without inoculation of rhizobia and without nitrogen fertilization). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by orthogonal contrast and F test (p≤0.05). Were assessed the Falker chlorophyll index (at the 40 and 60 days after sowing), number and dry matter of nodules (at the 40 days after sowing), number of pods per plant, grains yield, the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen in grains, and crude protein. The number of pods per plant was increased 33.6% in the combination MT8+MT15. The same effect was observed for the yield grain, which presented an increase of 8.7%, 13.8%, and 16.7% in the combinations MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation in the grains increased 42.7% with the inoculation of MT15 strain. The cowpea responds positively to the usage of combinations of rhizobia strains.

Biochemical and Nutritional Responses of Tripartite Soybean-Rhizobium-Glomus Association Under Low and High P Fertilization 224

A greenhouse experiment was conducted on soybean in black sandy loam soil and inoculated either with Rhizobium japanicum and Glomus intraradices singly or in combination with low (40 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) and high (80 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) levels of P. Soybean plant samples were analyzed for plant nutritional, biochemical and enzymatic changes. The results revealed that combined inoculation of Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungus favorably increased all the nutritional, biochemical and enzymatic characteristics which contributed for the increased grain yield of soybean 10-25 per cent depending on the level of P added. This study suggests that tripartite association assists in improving the yield and nutritional qualities of soybean besides maintaining soil fertility.

Influence of crop-establishment practices and microbial inoculants on growth and productivity of summer greengram (Vigna radiata)

A field experiment was carried out during the summer season in 2018 at the ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the effect of crop-establishment practices and microbial inoculation on crop growth and productivity of summer greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. The experiment was laid out in split-plot de- sign and treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment included 9 treatment combinations including 3 crop- establishment practices, viz. conventional tillage, zero tillage and zero tillage with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) residue @ 2.5 t/ha in main plots, and 3 microbial inoculation treatment, viz. control (no inoculation), dual inocula- tion of Rhizobium + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and combined inoculation of Rhizobium + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi in sub plots. Results showed that zero tillage with residue produced significantly higher growth parameters of greengram, viz. plant height, plants/m2, dry-matter ac- cumulation, leaf-area index, branches/plant, root nodules/plant and root nodule weight/plant at 45 days after sow- ing (DAS). The same treatment showed significantly superior yield attributes at maturity, viz. plants/m2, pods/plant, pod length, grains/pod and 1,000-grain weight, and yields over other 2 treatments. Seed inoculation with Rhizo- bium + PSB + AM fungi was significantly superior to other 2 treatments with regard to plant growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield.

Growth and Yield Response of Lentil Cultivars to Phosphorus, Zinc and Biofertilizers

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to study the growth and yield responses of lentil cultivars to phosphorus, zinc and biofertilizer application on a sandy loam soil during the winter seasons of 1989–90 and 1990–91 at the farm of Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. The two lentil cultivars used in the study were Microsperma (JL 1) and Macrosperma (Lens 4076) and the biofertilizers were Rhizobium and VAM fungi. Results showed that higher values of LAI, root nodulation, yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of grains pod−1 and grain yield plant−1), grain yield and harvest index were obtained from JL 1 whereas plant height and 1000 grain weight were higher in Lens 4076. Application of 17.2 kg Pha−1 as single superphosphate (SSP) along with 5 kg Znha−1 as zinc sulphate resulted in marked improvement in growth and yield attributes, grain yield and harvest index when compared with the 17.2 kg P as rock phosphate (with and without Zn) and the control treatments. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium and VAM fungi resulted in improved growth and yield attributes, grain yield and harvest index when compared with inoculation of either of the inocula at a time.

EFFECT OF COMBINED INOCULATION OF Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum AND PHOSPHOBACTERIA IN GROUNDNUT

A filed trial was conducted at the Agricultural Research station, Aliyarnagar to study the effect of combined inoculation of rhizobial strains viz.. Tt9 and TNAU 14 along with Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7 and phosphobacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum) PB 1 in groundnut var. Co.1. The combined inoculation of Rhizobium, Azospirillum and phosphobacteria produced maximum crop growth nodule number, plant nutrient content and yield compared to individual inoculation or dual inoculation of Rhizobium with Azospirillum or phosphobacteria.

Interaction of yeasts and some nitrogen fixing bacteria on nodulation of legumes

Combined inoculation ofRhizobium trifolii withSaccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts generally enhanced the number of nodules, length of plants and dry weight of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) seedlings grown on agar slopes. Similar effects were observed when seedlings were inoculated withR. trifolii in the presence of dialyzed culture filtrate ofS. cerevisiae.