Combined Flotation Research Articles

Parasitological investigation of soil biotope in the territory of Moscow

The purpose of the research is to conduct a sanitary and parasitological examination of soil biotopes on the territory of Moscow. In addition to traditional soil studies, we conducted coproscopic analyzes of samples of dog feces collected from the soil surface in Spring.Materials and methods. 83 combined soil samples were taken in 9 administrative districts of Moscow using the envelope method at a depth of up to 10 cm. From each combined sample, 4 samples were taken and examined using the Romanenko method according to MUK 4.2.2661-10 “Methods of sanitary and parasitological research”. From the same areas where soil was collected, 365 dog fecal samples were collected. Feces were studied using a combined flotation method. Soil and fecal samples were taken in Spring of 2023 during a period of positive temperatures immediately after the snow melted. Microscopy was performed using a Motic BA410T microscope. Identification of the detected objects was carried out on the basis of morphometric data. Species differentiation of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs was carried out based on differences in the size of the eggs and the structure of the outer shell.Results and discussion. The city's soil is contaminated with pathogens of parasitic diseases in 9.3% of samples. Toxocara eggs were found (5.7%), of which T. canis in 3.9% of samples, and T. cati in 1.8% of samples. Eggs of Capillaria sp. detected in 1.5%, eggs of Trichuris sp. at 0.9%. Eggs of Hymenolepis sp. and coccidia were detected in 0.6% of samples. In dog feces, pathogens of parasitic diseases were detected in 3.3% of samples. Toxocara sp. eggs were found in 1.4% of samples, isospores in 0.8%, sarcocystis in 0.8%, Toxascaris leonina eggs in 0.3%. Toxocara sp. eggs are the leaders in the frequency of detection in the soil; these are mainly viable eggs with larvae. This is consistent with the data that T. canis eggs are most often recorded in anonymized dog feces. Eggs of Trichuris sp. and Capillaria sp. found in soil with formed viable larvae. The findings show the potential of urban soils as a parasite transmission factor for humans and susceptible animals, and dogs play a leading role in the contamination of urban soils with Toxocara sp. eggs.

Effectiveness of the improved method of lifelong diagnostics trichurosis of sheep

Today, the most accurate way to diagnose animal helminthiasis is laboratory research. Among them, lifelong coproovoscopy methods play a leading role in the study of the spread of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, particularly trichurosis, and in establishing the effectiveness of anthelmintics. Therefore, a promising research direction includes improving and testing modern methods of coproovoscopy for trichurosis in sheep. The work aimed to determine the diagnostic efficiency of the improved flotation method of coproovoscopy for trichurosis in sheep. In laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of well-known flotation methods and the proposed method of coproovoscopy in diagnosing sheep trichurosis were determined. The leading indicators of the effectiveness of laboratory methods were the indicator of the intensity of trichurous invasion, the coagulation ability of the flotation solution, and the crystallization time of a drop of flotation liquid on a glass slide. It was established that all methods of coproovoscopy used in the experiment have flotation properties relative to Trichuris eggs. However, the improved method of coproovoscopy showed a higher flotation ability concerning Trichuris ovis nematode eggs, where the proposed flotation liquid has pronounced coagulation properties concerning undigested feed residues, and also has a slow crystallization time of droplets on a slide, which is more than 50 min. The improved method uses a combined flotation liquid, whose main components were Ca(NO3)2, C12H22O11, and NaCl. The indicator of the intensity of trichuriasis invasion when using the improved method was 67.0 ± 17.5 eggs in 1 g of feces and exceeded the number of trichuriasis eggs detected by flotation methods using NaCl – by 2.3 times (P ˂ 0.001), C12H22O11 – by 2.1 times (P ˂ 0.001), NH4NO3 – 1.3 times (P ˂ 0.01), C12H22O11 + NaCl – 1.1 times. The obtained data on the effectiveness of the improved method of coproovoscopy allows us to recommend it for introduction into production for effective and accurate laboratory lifelong diagnosis of trichurosis in sheep.

The Cost Benefit of Refinery Effluent Pretreatment Upstream of Membrane Bioreactors.

The established classical method of treating oil refinery effluent is flotation followed by biological treatment. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) offer more advanced treatment, producing a clarified and potentially reusable treated effluent, but demand robust pretreatment to remove oil and grease (O&G) down to consistent, reliably low levels. An analysis of a full-scale conventional oil refinery ETP (effluent treatment plant) based on flotation alone, coupled with projected performance, energy consumption and costs associated with a downstream MBR, have demonstrated satisfactory performance of flotation-based pretreatment. The flotation processes, comprising an API (American Petroleum Institute) separator followed by dissolved air flotation (DAF), provided ~90% removal of both total suspended solids (TSS) and O&G coupled with 75% COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal. The relative energy consumption and cost of the pretreatment, normalised against both the volume treated and COD removed, was considerably less for the API-DAF sequence compared to the MBR. The combined flotation specific energy consumption in kWh was found to be almost an order of magnitude lower than for the MBR (0.091 vs. 0.86 kWh per m3 effluent treated), and the total cost (in terms of the net present value) around one sixth that of the MBR. However, the nature of the respective waste streams generated and the end disposal of waste solids differ significantly between the pretreatment and MBR stages.

Effect of preoxidation on copper flotation from copper-lead mixed concentrate

Flotation separation of galena and chalcopyrite is always a difficult problem in mineral processing. In this paper, the selective preoxidation of galena and chalcopyrite with sulfuric acid was developed, and then the two minerals were completely separated by flotation. The surface oxidation mechanism of galena and chalcopyrite with sulfuric acid was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the results showed that hydrophilic oxide film was formed on the galena surface, while the surface of chalcopyrite is still hydrophobic sulfide film, which led to the separation of the two minerals by flotation. In addition, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the influence of main preoxidation parameters on the flotation separation of copper-lead concentrate, and the parameters were further optimized, as follows: sulfuric acid concentration of 5.3 mol/L, oxidation temperature of 101.8 °C and time of 48.3 min. The mixed concentrate containing Cu 11.57% and Pb 16.75% was preoxidized under the above conditions, and the flotation separation verification results showed that Cu concentrate with Cu grade of 18.09% and recovery of 95.41%, and Pb concentrate with Pb grade of 44.96% and recovery of 95.94% was obtained respectively. This paper provides a new method of preoxidation combined flotation to achieve high-efficiency separation of copper-lead mixed concentrate.

Enhanced flotation of coal gasification fine slag based on ultrasonic pretreatment pulp and composite collector

Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) is a kind of solid waste produced in the coal gasification process, in which residual carbon severely restricts its resource utilization. In this study, residual carbon is enriched from CGFS by a combined flotation process of ultrasonic pretreatment pulp connecting composite collectors. Compared to conventional flotation, the products quality is greatly upgraded, and the concentrates yield is significantly increased by this combined reinforcing process under the same reagent dosage. The combined process can simultaneously improve the structural characteristics and surface chemical properties of the CGFS. Ultrasonic pretreatment pulp shows excellent crushing effect on the closely connected carbon-ash particles. Moreover, the directional adsorption of composite collector on the CGFS surface greatly enhances CGFS floatability. The research results demonstrate that this combined process shows good adaptability to the reinforcement of different CGFS flotation, and it has potential industrial application prospects.

Comparative diagnostic efficacy of microscopy, combined flotation and polymerase chain reaction to detect <i>Giardia</i> spp. in dogs and cats

The purpose of the research is to perform a comparative diagnostic efficacy of microscopy, combined flotation method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used to detect Giardia spp. in dogs and cats.Materials and methods. The efficacy was compared between three methods to detect Giardia spp. on 60 fecal samples from dogs and cats from the Zaitsev+ and Paster Veterinary Laboratory.Results and discussion. The highest diagnostic efficacy was established for PCR, 78.3%; the diagnostic efficacy of combined flotation was 68.3%; the lowest diagnostic efficacy was found for the microscopy method, 43.3%. The combined flotation method to detect Giardia spp. is widely used in laboratory practice as it allows detection of other intestinal parasites in addition to Giardia spp. Microscopy is the fastest and simplest method for detecting not only Giardia spp. but also other intestinal parasites.

Research into combined flotation regimes using special slurry preparation methods

Research into combined flotation regimes using special slurry preparation methods

Comparative efficiency of combined flotation technology in wastewater treatment technologies

Comparative efficiency of combined flotation technology in wastewater treatment technologies

Gastrointestinal parasites in young dogs and risk factors associated with infection

Young dogs are particularly susceptible to infections with endoparasites. The occurrence of endoparasites was investigated in young dogs from Central Germany between July 2020 and July 2022. In total, 386 fecal samples originating from 171 dogs were examined for the prevalence of endoparasites using a combined flotation- and sedimentation technique and conventional PCR. Overall, in 41.2% (159/386) of the examined samples, endoparasites were detected. The most frequently occurring endoparasites were Giardia duodenalis (29%), Cryptosporidium spp. (9.1%), Cystoisospora spp. (7.3%), and Toxocara canis (6%). Sequencing of G. duodenalis positive samples showed that most infections belonged to the host-specific assemblages C (38.4% (43/112)) and D (35.7% (40/112)). The zoonotic assemblage A was identified in 8% (9/112) of the samples. Moreover, mixed infections were observed as follows: C/D in 5 (4.5%), D/A in 4 (3.6%), and C/A in 3 (2.7%) samples. All assemblage A infections were assigned to the potentially zoonotic subassemblage AI. Co-infections of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were observed in 3.1% (12/386) of the samples. Analyzing several host factors for their potential association with endoparasitic infection, the origin of dogs, as well as the living environment were identified as the main risk factors for infection with endoparasites. Overall, this study shows a high infection rate with endoparasites, especially G. duodenalis, in young dogs from Germany. The results of this study contribute to further insight into the distribution and potential risk factors associated with endoparasitic infections, as well as the zoonotic potential these parasites may present.

Comparison of FECPAKG2, a modified Mini-FLOTAC technique and combined sedimentation and flotation for the coproscopic examination of helminth eggs in horses

BackgroundDue to high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in equine helminths, selective treatment is increasingly promoted and in some countries a positive infection diagnosis is mandatory before treatment. Selective treatment is typically recommended when the number of worm eggs per gram faeces (epg) exceeds a particular threshold. In the present study we compared the semi-quantitative sedimentation/flotation method with the quantitative methods Mini-FLOTAC and FECPAKG2 in terms of precision, sensitivity, inter-rater reliability and correlation of worm egg counts to improve the choice of optimal diagnostic tools.MethodsUsing sedimentation/flotation (counting raw egg numbers up to 200), we investigated 1067 horse faecal samples using a modified Mini-FLOTAC approach (multiplication factor of 5 to calculate epgs from raw egg counts) and FECPAKG2 (multiplication factor of 45).ResultsFive independent analyses of the same faecal sample with all three methods revealed that variance was highest for the sedimentation/flotation method while there were no significant differences between methods regarding the coefficient of variance. Sedimentation/flotation detected the highest number of samples positive for strongyle and Parascaris spp. eggs, followed by Mini-FLOTAC and FECPAKG2. Regarding Anoplocephalidae, no significant difference in frequency of positive samples was observed between Mini-FLOTAC and sedimentation/flotation. Cohen’s κ values comparing individual methods with the combined result of all three methods revealed almost perfect agreement (κ ≥ 0.94) for sedimentation/flotation and strong agreement for Mini-FLOTAC (κ ≥ 0.83) for strongyles and Parascaris spp. For FECPAKG2, moderate and weak agreements were found for the detection of strongyle (κ = 0.62) and Parascaris (κ = 0.51) eggs, respectively. Despite higher sensitivity, the Mini-FLOTAC mean epg was significantly lower than that with FECPAKG2 due to samples with > 200 raw egg counts by sedimentation/flotation, while in samples with lower egg shedding epgs were higher with Mini-FLOTAC than with FECPAKG2.ConclusionsFor the simple detection of parasite eggs, for example, to treat foals infected with Parascaris spp., sedimentation/flotation is sufficient and more sensitive than the other two quantitative investigared in this study. Mini-FLOTAC is predicted to deliver more precise results in faecal egg count reduction tests due to higher raw egg counts. Finally, to identify animals with a strongyle epg above a certain threshold for treatment, FECPAKG2 delivered results comparable to Mini-FLOTAC.Grpahical

Combined Column and Mechanical Flotation Cell Process for the Beneficiation of Sanshandao Gold Ore.

Semi-industrial tests were conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of a combined column and mechanical flotation cell process for the beneficiation of Sanshandao low-grade gold ore. The results showed that the performance of the combined flotation process of the cyclonic-static microbubble flotation column (FCSMC) and mechanical flotation cells was superior to that of the mechanical flotation cell, while the flowsheet was simplified. FCSMC is efficient when used on fine particles, whereas a mechanical flotation cell is effective for coarse particles. Thus, the combined flotation process exhibited a better separation performance by employing the strengths of both methods. The use of the combined FCSMC and cell flotation process showed promising results for a producing grade of 48.24 g/t gold with 96.13% recovery. The combined column and cell flotation process introduces a new approach for the separation of low-grade gold ore.

On the possibility to process copper-molybdenum ore using a combined flotation reagent

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on ore flotation of copper-molybdenum deposits in the East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan using a combined reagent. It is required to use new beneficiation methods and flotation reagents to increase the efficiency of flotation of ore minerals to improve the processing of finely disseminated ores. The problem can be solved by using a combination of different collectors. The objective of the research is to increase the recovery of copper and molybdenum during flotation of copper-molybdenum ore using a combined reagent. The studied ore sample contains 0.42% copper; 0.009% molybdenum. A combination of sodium butyl xanthate, TS-100 thionocarbamate, and reaflot in a ratio, in %: 15: 3: 1, was used as a combined flotation reagent. The combined flotation reagent was preliminarily passed through an ultrasonic homogenizer JY96-IIN to obtain a reagent microemulsion before flotation. The optimum dispersion time for the combined flotation reagent is 60 seconds. At the same time, 99.4% are microemulsion particles with a particle size of fewer than 3.7 microns. The use of a combined reagent microemulsion increases the extraction of copper into the copper-molybdenum concentrate by 3.69%, and the extraction of molybdenum by 6.05%. The copper content in the copper-molybdenum concentrate increases by 1.26%. The copper content in the flotation tailings decreases from 0.07 to 0.056%. The consumption of the combined reagent is reduced by 15% in comparison with the basic butyl xanthate.

Using an ejection system for supplying water and reagent in combined flotation apparatus

The paper highlights the problem of rational use of water resources, based on the increasing need for compact combined devices based on the processes of coagulation, deposition, and flotation. To improve the quality of water treatment, an original design of the ejection system for water and reagent supply has been developed. The main geometric parameters and features that allow solving the problem of “dead zones” are analysed. The use of such a system increases the efficiency of cleaning the fat-containing wastewater by supplying a water-air mixture and forming easily floated “particle bubble” complexes.

Flotation separation of hazardous polyvinyl chloride from waste plastics based on green plasma modification

Flotation has a great potential in the separation of complicated poly-mixtures to obtain qualified resins for recycling, but it remains a technological challenge for selective wetting between components. This study provided a combined flotation process with the prepositive plasma modification, separating hazardous polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from recyclable high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The plasma process was characterized by surface morphology, molecular weight, contact angle, surface free energy and spectrum. The results suggested that amorphous low molecular weight oxidic substances can be selectively introduced on these polymers through the hydrogen extraction and Norrish І type radical pathways in plasma zone, leading to a desired surface wetting. Under the optimal unit activating energy of 12.0 kJ/m2 (PVC-HDPE) and 15.0 kJ/m2 (PVC-PET), separated PVC can reach above 93% of both recovery and purity. Benefiting from the green and mild operation in plasma unit, this study paves a new way to effectively separate waste plastics as an alternative to traditional surface modification with chemical reagents.

Flotation Behavior and Synergistic Mechanism of Benzohydroxamic Acid and Sodium Butyl-Xanthate as Combined Collectors for Malachite Beneficiation

Sulfuration flotation is the most widely used technology in malachite beneficiation. However, the inhomogeneity of malachite surfaces usually results in a non-uniform sulfuration surface. The motivation of this work is attempt to adopt different functional combination collectors to enhance the sulfuration flotation of malachite. Accordingly, the flotation behaviors and adsorption mechanisms of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) and sodium butyl-xanthate (SBX) on the surface of malachite were systematically investigated using flotation tests, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and first-principle calculations. The test results of vulcanization flotation showed that the combined collectors of SBX with BHA possessed a higher recovery than only using SBH by 20%, indicating that there may be a synergistic effect between BHA and SBX. The IR and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that both BHA and SBX could chemically adsorb onto the malachite surface. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation results further indicated that the combined adsorption energy of BHA and SBX was much lower than that of only BHA or SBX, which confirmed the synergistic effects of BHA and SBX on the malachite surface. This work may shed new light on the design and development of more efficient combined flotation reagents.

INTENSITY OF INFECTION AND MEANS OF GIARDIASIS PREVENTION AT THE FARMS OF UKRAINE

G. duodenalis is the most widespread among the six generally recognized species of giardiasis affecting the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. Destruction of Giardia intestinalis oocysts in the environment mitigates the risk of infection for animals and humans. The objective of the study. The research is aimed at establishing the effectiveness of disinfectants against Giardia intestinalis cysts. Methods. The research involved twelve farms in Ukraine. Fecal samples were taken from the tested calves aged from 1 to 3 weeks. Giardiasis was diagnosed on the basis of laboratory tests of calf feces by the Fulleborn's method. The object of study was represented by cysts of Giardia intestinalis obtained from the feces through combined flotation methods. After exposure for a period of 30 and 60 minutes, the supernatant was drained and the precipitate applied to a glass slide to be stained with Lugol's solution. Cysts were subject to evaluation in terms of their morphological features. Their shape, size, color, nuclei location and axon were determined under a microscope at a magnification of about 10x400. Yodosol, Kontavir, Biocontact and Bioluft were used as a disinfectant. Results. The study carried out at dairy farms of various forms of ownership revealed that 25–50 % of calves at the holdings and 50–75 % of those at the farms were infected with Giardia intestinalis. Experiments established that Kontavir at a concentration of 1 %, as a disinfectant, produced a cytotoxic effect (compressed the cyst membrane) on Giardia intestinalis for 60 minutes. If the drug concentration increases to 2–3 %, Kontravir destroys the cyst shell releasing its contents within 30-60 minutes. Conclusions. The prevalence of Giardia intestinalis has been established through studying dairy farms in four regions of Ukraine. As a disinfectant, Kontavir at a concentration of 1 % produces a cytotoxic effect (compresses the cyst membrane), at a concentration of 2–3 %, it completely destroys the cyst membrane.

Improving the technology of mature tailings processing at the Kovdorsky GOK

Introduction. Phosphate minerals are lost during flotation of mature tailings of the Kovdorsky GOK due to difficult mineral fractions and poor conditions for effective flotation of thin classes of phosphate minerals. Research aims to increase the efficiency of raw material processing at the technogenic deposit of the Kovdorsky GOK by optimizing the reagent regime and the scheme of dressing thin classes of mature tailings with the use of modern reagents-flocculants, selective depressors and collectors. Methodology. The developed regime of sludge preparation for flotation involves their thickening using the Praestol-2540 flocculant, condensed sludge product processing with a mixture of dispersant reagents (SSB, sodium carbonate and Neonol AF 9-8), its additional thickening, followed by combining the resulting ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 5, 2020 65 sediment with the sand part of the tailings, their conditioning with the collector and feeding to the combined flotation with the use of the integrated collector according to the scheme with the middlings cycle. Results. The scheme and reactant regime of enrichment tailings of complex parts of technological fields has allowed to achieve recovery of P2O5 45% (from power source) and the mass fraction of P2O5 in Apatite of 37.1%, or 0.5 and 1.5% higher than when using the design scheme and technology. Summary. The developed technology of mature tailings processing at the Kovdorsky GOK ensures increased indicators of processing by means of creating the conditions for efficient flotation of fine classes of phosphate minerals.

Recovery of high-grade copper from waste printed circuit boards by mechanical-grinding assisted flotation

Mechanical grinding combined flotation technology with renewable collector has been proposed to recover high-grade copper from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Surface morphology and element distribution of copper particle section were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM + EDS) technology. Results show that the copper particle is covered with a layer of micrometer-scale organic matter. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates the organic layer commonly existed on all of the particle surfaces, which prove that the pyrolysis method was not feasible for selectively removing the organic impurity. Mechanical grinding pretreatment was proposed to peel off the organic layer. Grinding experiment results show that impurity can be effectively separated from copper. Soap collector prepared from waste oil was used for flotation. The flotation results show that the copper grade of the concentrate first increased and then decreased with the increase of the grinding time, while the recovery gradually decreased from 78.7% to 21.7%. Concentrate with 79.1% copper grade and 71.5% recovery was obtained when the grinding time was 3 min. This study provides a physical approach to recover high-grade copper from WPCBs.

Combined column and cell flotation process for improving clean coal quality: Laboratory-scale and industry-scale studies

ABSTRACT Inherent limitation of the mechanical flotation cell is the entrainment of hydrophilic particles (gangue) in the water reporting to the froth. In this study, a combine column and cell flotation process was proposed to reduce the entrainment of gangue particles and, ultimately, ash content of coal flotation concentrate in Datun coal preparation plant, Peixian County, Jiangsu, China. The froth collected from the third and fourth cells of the 4-cell flotation machines in this plant was further re-cleaned to obtain qualified clean coal. Laboratory-scale results show that both the mechanical flotation machine and flotation column as re-cleaning flotation devices could produce the clean coal with qualified ash content. However, the yield obtained by the flotation column (84.49%) is significantly higher than that obtained by the mechanical flotation cell (68.21%). Industry-scale tests indicate the combined column and cell flotation process could produce qualified clean coal and run stably.

Increasing the efficiency of enrichment of gold-bearing ore by using combined micro flotation

Increasing the efficiency of enrichment of gold-bearing ore by using combined micro flotation