Combination Of Inorganic Fertilizers Research Articles

Valuation of different organic and inorganic fertilizer combinations on the growth and yield of cabbage

abbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is the most important winter leafy vegetable in the world and belongs to the Cruciferae family. An experiment was conducted at the Horticultural farm of Gauradaha Agriculture Campus, Tribhuwan University, Jhapa, Nepal from 26th December 2022 to 2nd April 2023 to evaluate the different organic and inorganic fertilizer combinations on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cv. Green coronet). The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design with 7 treatments replicated 3 times and the treatments are T1: 25-ton FYM/ha, T2: 25-ton PM/ha, T3: 25-ton FYM/ha + NPK (RDF), T4: 25-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF), T5: 20-ton FYM/ha + 10-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF), T6: 10-ton FYM/ha + 20-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF) and T7: control. Significant variation was found among the treatments. The result showed treatment had a significant role in different parameters. T3- The highest number of leaves, T5- the highest (leaf area, weight with roots, net head yield, horizontal head diameter), T4-highest (plant height, gross yield), T6- highest (stem girth, vertical head diameter) was obtained. On the result basis T5 (20-ton FYM/ha + 10-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF) can be adopted as sustainable crop production. This study not only provides valuable insights into optimizing cabbage production but also underscores the importance of tailored fertilizer combinations for sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the broader discourse on enhancing crop yield while minimizing environmental impact. By elucidating the efficacy of specific fertilizer blends, this research paves the way for more efficient and eco-friendly farming practices, thereby promoting food security and environmental sustainability on a global scale.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.), in Jharkhand (India)

Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.) is a climber plant commonly called Gudmar belongs to family Apocynaceae is deciduous seed plant. A field experiment was conducted during 2017-2019 at the experimental field of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand (India) to find out the integrated nutrient management technique for increasing the yield of the leaf of Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments and one control replicated thrice. Nine plants were transplanted in each treatment at 80 cm x 80 cm spacing level. It is an important medicinal plant used as an herbal remedy for high blood sugar (type-II diabetes). The optimum doses of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination should be 10t ha-1 VC+10t ha-1 NC+5t ha-1 KC +30:40:40 kg NPK ha-1 for the maximum productivity of leaves and stem of Gudmar. The combination of organic and inorganic is superior to the application of fertilizer alone and controls for achieving higher growth and yield.

Effects of Soluble Organic Fertilizer Combined with Inorganic Fertilizer on Greenhouse Tomatoes with Different Irrigation Techniques

A reasonable fertilization rate and appropriate irrigation technology can lead to the green development of greenhouse tomatoes. The purpose of this study was to explore suitable irrigation technology for greenhouse tomatoes and the appropriate application rate of the soluble organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combination. In 2021 and 2022, the effects of different irrigation techniques and fertilization treatments on tomato plant growth, fruit quality, yield, and efficiency were studied. The irrigation techniques in this study were drip and Moistube irrigation, and there were seven types of fertilization treatment, namely, no fertilization treatment (CK); low-volume (T1, 330 kg/hm2), medium-volume (T2, 660 kg/hm2), and high-volume inorganic fertilizer treatments (T3, 990 kg/hm2); and three inorganic fertilizer treatments of low-volume inorganic fertilizer (T1, 330 kg/hm2) combined with low-volume (F1, T1 + 75 kg/hm2), medium-volume (F2, T1 + 225 kg/hm2), and high-volume (F3, T1 + 375 kg/hm2) organic fertilizer. A total of 14 experimental treatments were implemented for irrigation and fertilization. The results of the two-year experiment show that the growth effect on the height, stem diameter, and leaf area index of tomato plants was the best using the treatment of low-concentration inorganic fertilizer combined with medium-concentration organic fertilizer with Moistube irrigation and drip irrigation. Using the two irrigation methods, the application of soluble organic fertilizer increased the yield and improved the fruit quality of the tomato. The maximum yield increased by 28.52%, the soluble sugar content increased by 14.49%, the vitamin C content increased by 45.04%, and the lycopene increased by 18.79%. The entropy-weight TOPSIS model was used to comprehensively evaluate 14 evaluation objects with different irrigation methods and fertilization treatments. The results of the two-year experiment show that the best fertilization treatment under Moistube irrigation and drip irrigation conditions was low-concentration inorganic fertilizer combined with medium-concentration soluble organic fertilizer, which was combined with the best fertilization treatment, and the most suitable irrigation method for greenhouse tomato cultivation in the Loess Plateau was Moistube irrigation. The results of this study also provide practical experience and theoretical support for adaptive irrigation and the integrated management of water and fertilizer.

POPULASI BAKTERI DAN RESPIRASI MIKROBA TANAH PADA RHIZOSFER TANAMAN JAGUNG ( Zea mays L.) YANG DIBERI PUPUK TERPADU DAN BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI PADA MASA VEGETATIF MAKSIMUM

This study aims to determine the Bacterial Population and Microbial Respiration in the rhizosphere of corn plants due to the application of integrated fertilizers and rice husk biochar soil amendments during the maximum vegetative period. This research was conducted using an experimental method with polybag experiments in a greenhouse from July to September 2021. The experiment was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatment combinations P0 (control treatment), P1 (Urea + phonska administration), P2 ( Giving Urea + Phonska + Biochar), P3 (Giving Urea + Phonska + BPF), P4 (Giving Urea + Phonska + Biochar + BPF), P5 (Giving Urea + Phonska + BPF + Compost), P6 (Giving Urea + Phonska + Biochar) + BPF + Compost). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so as many as 21 units of experimental polybags were obtained. Parameters measured were total bacterial population, population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soil microbial respiration, pH, cation exchange capacity, and C-Organic. The results showed that the application of integrated fertilizers (inorganic, compost and biological-BPF) and rice husk biochar had a significant effect. on the total bacterial population, BPF and soil microbial respiration in the corn plant rhizosphere observed at the maximum vegetative period. From this study, it was concluded that the combination of inorganic fertilizer + organic fertilizer + bpf and biochar was the best combination in increasing the total population of bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and soil microbial respiration.

Influence of Pseudomonas and Biofertisol as Foliar Spray on Nodulation Attributes and Yield of Vegetable Pea under STCR Approach

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season in the Experimental Field, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) under RBD design with four replications consisting of five treatments of two types of biofertilizers: Pseudomonas and Biofertisol, and scheduled combinations of inorganic fertilizers based on STCR (Soil Test Crop Response) to achieve the desired yield using the vegetable pea variety PSM-3. The response due to treatment of T4 (TY 100 q (58:110:47) + 5 t FYM+1 spray of Pseudomonas+1 spray of Biofertisol) was significantly effective in increasing nodulation attributes (nodulation enumeration, biomass and leghaemoglobin content) by 28.46, 47.15, and 35.29%; 78.33, 95.86, and 86.17%; and 21.70, 65.70, and 20.26%, respectively, relative to that of control. Yields of the crop were best harvested due to T4 by 85.97 % over that of control 56.70 kg ha-1. The continuous application of chemical fertilisers has decreased the fertility of the soil and degraded the soil. The reduction in the fertility of the soil has resulted in poor crop yields. The nutrient management of all the treatments involves the judicious use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, along with microbes, to meet the nutrient needs of the crop while minimizing environmental impacts.

Influence of Pseudomonas and Biofertisol as a Foliar Spray on Soil Properties under STCR Approach

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season in the Experimental field, Department of Soil Science, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) under RBD design with four replications comprising five treatments of two types of biofertilizers: Pseudomonas and Biofertisol and scheduled combinations of inorganic fertilizers based on STCR (Soil Test Crop Response) for achieving targeted yield by using variety of vegetable pea, PSM-3. The best response was recorded from the application of treatment T5 (TY120 q(87:147:74) +5tFYM) for increasing the content of soil available nutrients (N, P and K) by 7.89, 29.95 and 8.25%, respectively over that from control. Effect due to T4 was significantly prominent on the proliferation of microorganisms viz., Rhizobium sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Lactobacillus sp. better by 6.79 log cfu (61.38 x 105 cfu g-1 soil), 6.44 log cfu (27.67 x 105 cfu g-1 soil) and 4.42 log cfu (26.18 x 103 cfu g-1 soil), respectively over control. The same treatment T4 induced the enzyme activity of dehydrogenase by 86.99% as compared to that of the control (5.23 µg TPF hr-1 g-1). Yields of the crop were best harvested due to T4 by 81.91% over that of control 56.93 kg ha-1. The vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.), a cool-season crop and an important pulse crop in India. One of the impediments to supporting vegetable pea production and productivity is low soil fertility. Anthropogenic causes such as heavy use of fertilizer exacerbated the problem. A combination of fertilizers, biofertilizers and FYM are the solution to the problem since it makes use of available organic and inorganic nutrients and microbes to create an environmentally sound and economically sustainable farming system.

Influence of INM on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) NEPZ

At the United University's Agricultural Research Farm in Rawatpur, Jhalwa, Prayagraj (U.P.), India, during the Kharif season of 2022, a research on green gram (Vigna radiata L.) was carried out to examine the effects of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, and economics. On green gram (Vigna radiata L), the experiment was conducted using a randomized bock design with three replications in all allowable combinations of inorganic fertilizers, Rhizobium, and PSB together with FYM. This study showed that plant height (91.99 cm), dry weight (105.45 g), and number of root nodules (111.33) were all significantly enhanced by 100% RDF + 5.0 tonnes FYM ha-1 + Rhizobium and PSB seed inoculation. In terms of increasing yield and yield-related indicators, such as number of pods plant-1 (31.43), number of seeds pod-1 (12.46), test weight (37.26 g), and harvest index (34.90%), the same treatment combination likewise showed the best results. As a result, adding farm yard manure at a rate of 5 tonnes per hectare coupled with Rhizobium and PSB increased yield compared to the control. But using 100% RDF, bio fertilizer, and FYM @ 5.0 tonnes ha-1 greatly boosts gross returns (₹ 104,120.00), net returns (₹ 76,017.00), and benefit: cost ratio (2.70). These results showed that the addition of organic matter, inorganic fertilizers, and bio-fertilizers all combined to boost yield while using various nutrition sources.

Combination of inorganic and bio-organic fertilizer on growth and production of Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The excessive use of inorganic fertilizers by farmers in Riau Province is quite worrying about the decline in soil quality. Based on this, this study aims to obtain the best combination dose of inorganic fertilizer N, P, K with bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and production of rice. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications so that 24 experimental units were obtained with the treatments being tested were P0= 100% inorganic fertilizer + petroganic; P1= 100% inorganic fertilizer; P2= 100% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost; P3= 75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost; P4= 75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost + biofertilizer; P5= 50% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost + biofertilizer. The results showed that the application of a combination of inorganic fertilizers N, P, K with bio-organic fertilizers had not been able to increase plant height and weight of milled dry grain, but can give the same results as the application of 100% N, P, K on rice grain parameters and 1000 grain weight in a combination of 75% inorganic fertilizer, 4 tons/ha of compost, and 10 ml of biofertilizer.

Integrated Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The present investigation was carried out during winter of 2018-2019 at the Horticulture Farm of Post Graduate College, Ghazipur. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Ten treatment combinations viz. T1-Control (100% Recommended dose of NPK), T2-75% NPK + 25% Azotobactor, T3-50% NPK + 50% Azotobactor, T4-25% NPK + 75% Azotobactor, T5-75% NPK + 25% PSB, T6-50% NPK + 50% PSB, T7- 25% NPK + 75% PSB, T8-75% NPK + 25% Azotobactor + 25% PSB, T9-50% NPK + 50% Azotobactor + 50% PSB and T10-25% NPK + 75% Azotobactor + 75% PSB. It can be concluded that the maximum growth attributes, yield parameter and yield of onion may be obtained by the application of 75% NPK + 25% Azotobactor + 25%PSBtreatment (T8), while, the treatment T7, i.e. application of 25% NPK + 75% PSB was also found to be good for growth and yield parameter of onion. It was observed that the combination of inorganic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers influence the growth and yield attributes. . Therefore, from the present investigation, it can be concluded that the onion variety N-53 performed economically well by the application of 75% NPK + 25% Azotobacter+25% PSB as compared to rest treatment.

Enersol Promotes Growth and Yield Performance of Pechay (Brassica rapa L. var. chinensis (L.) Hanelt)

This study presents the results of a field bio-efficacy evaluation to assess the impact of Enersol® LDG, a mineral fertilizer containing leonardite and humic acid, on the growth and yield of pechay (Brassica rapa) in Puypuy, Bay, Laguna, Philippines. In pechay production, there is a need for a plant food supplement that facilitates immediate nutrient absorption. Leonardite-based products have been used to improve soil properties and to help plants withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. Leonardite is an important raw material in the manufacture of commercial products rich in humic and fulvic acids. An experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted, with different combinations of Enersol® LDG and inorganic fertilizer applied basally at seed sowing. Results showed that the combination of Enersol® LDG and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the total fresh yield of pechay compared to other treatments. However, reducing the amount of inorganic fertilizer resulted in lower yields, regardless of the Enersol® LDG application rate. The marketable yield and percent marketable yield were also significantly higher in plants treated with Enersol® LDG and inorganic fertilizer combinations compared to the control and Enersol® LDG alone. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Enersol® LDG, when combined with inorganic fertilizer, significantly enhanced the growth, and yield of pechay. Further research is recommended to explore optimal dosage and application methods for maximizing pechay production using Enersol® LDG.

Impact of Organic Manure, Inorganic Fertilizers and Bioinoculants on Production and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Field trials were undertaken to investigate the impact of integrated nutrient management on wheat yield and economic aspects during the Rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experimentation took place at the student's instructional farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology in Kanpur. The study encompassed 11 treatment combinations, organized in a randomized block design with three replications. These treatments involved varying combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers. The cultivation of wheat variety HD-2967 was carried out in accordance with the suggested agronomic practices. Based on the outcomes derived from the investigation, it can be deduced that among the various productivity parameters, the treatment labeled as T10 [100 % NPK + S40 + Zn5 + Fe10 + Azotobacter + PSB + 5 ton FYM] exhibited the highest grain yield of 48.60 and 49.93 quintals per hectare, straw yield of 63.15 and 67.53 quintals per hectare, and biological yield of 111.75 and 117.46 quintals per hectare across both years of experimentation. For economic factors, the treatment T10 also yielded the highest gross returns of ₹ 1,40,190 and ₹154,632 during the first year (2021-22) and second year (2022-23) of the experiment, respectively. Moreover, the treatment T7 [100 % NPK + Zn5] showcased the maximum benefit-cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 2.26 and 2.39. It is noteworthy that the highest costs of cultivation were observed in the treatment T10, amounting to ₹ 53,805 in the first year and ₹ 55,561 in the second year. This treatment encompassed a combination of 100 % NPK, S40, Zn5, Fe10, Azotobacter, PSB, and 5 tons of FYM.

Growth Characteristics, Yield Components and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management on under Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Field experiments were carried out at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, to investigate the influence of integrated nutrient management on wheat growth metrics, yield components, and yield during the rabi seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23.The trial included 11 treatment combinations in a randomised block design with three replications and each treatment combination likely involves different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers. Wheat variety HD-2967 was grown with the using prescribed agronomic practices. According to investigation results the maximum plant height at maturity is 99.85 cm and 102.79 cm, the maximum number of effective tillers is 101.45 cm and 104.83, and the maximum ear length is 11.29 cm and 11.76 cm are associated with the treatment T10 [100 % NPK + S40 + Zn5 + Fe10 + Azotobacter + PSB + 5 tonne FYM] during both years of experimentation. Similarly, among the yield components and productivity parameters maximum values with regard to the number of spikelet ear-1 (22.64 and 22.95), grain ear-1 (43.11 and 46.03), 1000 grain wt. (41.17 and 42.13 gm), grain yield (48.60 and 49.93 q ha-1) and straw yield (63.15 and 67.53 q ha-1) have been observed in the treatment T10 [100 % NPK + S40 + Zn5 + Fe10 + Azotobacter + PSB + 5 tonne FYM] during both the years of the experimentation. The objective of the study to understand how different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers affect the growth and productivity of wheat, specifically the HD-2967 variety, when grown using recommended agronomic practices.

Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Var. Swati Swarna

An experiment was conducted during in Zaid season (March 2022-June 2022) on central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of Phosphorus and Zinc (0 %, 50 % and 100 %). The treatment combinations were replicated three times and were allocated at random in each replication. The result shows that application of different levels combination of inorganic fertilizers increased growth, yield of green gram. It was recorded from the application of P and Zinc fertilizers in treatment T7 [P @ 100% + Zinc @ 0%] maximum plant height 40.90, 49.12, and 60.16 cm at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of branches plant-1 9.35, 11.62, and 14.24 at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, number of pods plant-1 25.73, number of seeds pod-1 10.54, test weight of 1000 seeds 54.66 g, grain yield 11.73 q ha-1 with benefit cost ratio 1: 2.33 best from T1 [(control) P @ 0% + Zinc @ 0 %].

Influence of Different Levels of NPK and Biochar on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil in Field Pea

An experiment was conducted during in Rabi season (December 2021 – March 2022) on central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of NPK and Biochar (0, 50 and 100%). The result shows that application of different levels combination of inorganic fertilizers increased growth, yield of field pea and improved soil chemical properties. It was recorded from the application of NPK and Biochar fertilizers in treatment T9 [NPK @ 100% + Biochar @ 100%] maximum bulk density 1.274 Mg m-3 at and 1.279 Mg m-3, particle density 2.518 Mg m-3 and 1.523 Mg m-3, % pore space 47.71% and 44.68%, water holding capacity 39.75% and 36.82%, pH 7.05 at and 7.15 at, EC 0.473 dS m-1 and 0.479 dS m-1, organic carbon 0.497% and 0.495%, available nitrogen 314.56 kg ha-1 and 311.55 kg ha-1, available phosphorus 38.70 kg ha-1 and 36.28 kg ha-1, available potassium 220.42 kg ha-1 and 217.67 kg ha-1 all parameters at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm best from T1 [ NPK @ 0% + Biochar @ 0 %].

The Productivity of Red Chili (Capsicum annum L.) Improvement Using Inorganic Fertilizer and Biofertilizer: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture

Red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the important horticultural crops, yet its productivity is still relatively low. This study aims to determine the productivity of red chili improvement through the use of inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer. The factorial randomized group design (RAK) experimental design with 2 factors and 3 replicates (10 plants for each replicate) was used in this research. Factor I consisted of four doses of inorganic fertilizer (K), namely: 200 kg/ha (k1), 300 kg/ha (k2), 400 kg/ha (k3), 500 kg/ha (k4). Factor II consists of four concentrations of biological fertilizer (H), namely: 10 ml/L (h1), 20 ml/L (h2), 30 ml/L (h3), 40 ml/L (h4). The results showed that there was no interaction effect between the use of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and the concentration of biofertilizer (M-Bio) on fruit weight per plant (g/plant) and fruit yield per hectare (t/Ha). However, the single use of biofertilizer with a concentration of 20 ml/L significantly increased the productivity of fruit weight (555.75 g/plant or 14.81 t/Ha). Biofertilizers such as phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and nitrogen-fixing bacteria can increase the availability of macro and micro nutrients in the soil and the productivity of chili significantly. The use of biofertilizers has the benefit of reducing farmers' dependence on inorganic fertilizers. Therefore, the use of a combination of inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer not only can be a good alternative to increase the productivity of red chili effectively and sustainably, but also to reduce the negative impact of using inorganic fertilizer on the environment.

Fertilization Highly Increased the Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize in Dryland of Northern China: A Meta-Analysis

Water and fertilizer play an important role in crop growth in dryland areas. It is a necessity to improve the water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop once the water resource is limited. In northern China, where there is a wide shortage of water resources, it is therefore necessary to investigate how fertilization affects the WUE of spring maize and to quantify the effects. A total of 33 published peer-reviewed papers were collected, and a meta-analysis and random forest model analysis were performed with 364 WUE comparisons, aiming to explore the effects of fertilization on the WUE of spring maize and to clarify the optimal conditions for WUE under fertilizer management. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the WUE of spring maize by 56.72% (P < 0.01) when compared with non-fertilization. The WUE effect under the organic–inorganic fertilizer combination (MNPK) was approximately twice as high as that under inorganic fertilizer (NPK) or organic fertilizer (M). The greatest increase in WUE occurred at 0–100 kg ha−1 of nitrogen application (NA). Under environmental conditions including 7 ≤ mean annual temperature in the test year (T) ≤ 10 °C, 400 ≤ mean annual precipitation in the test year (P) ≤ 600 mm, and mean altitude (A) > 1500 m, and soil conditions including 10 ≤ soil organic matter content (SOM) ≤ 14 g kg−1 and available phosphorus (AP) < 5 mg kg−1, the fertilization optimally enhanced the WUE of spring maize when the agronomic measures of ridge–furrow planting (RFP) and mulching film (MF) were used. The random forest model analysis indicated that the influence factors (i.e., fertilizer regimes, environmental factors, soil factors, and agronomic measures) caused 65.62% of the variation in spring maize WUE effects, while in all influence factors, fertilizer types related to fertilizer regimes caused the most variation. The initial available potassium (AK) and available nitrogen (AN) of the soil were negatively correlated to the WUE effect, indicating that fertilization imposed a better effect on the WUE of spring maize when the soil was infertile. Fertilization significantly increased the WUE of spring maize, and organic and inorganic fertilizer application provided an effective measure for the sustainable development of spring maize in northern China. After clarifying the required conditions for fertilization increasing WUE, high-efficiency water use may be achieved.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Vegetative Growth Parameter of Lilium (Lilium Longiflorum) cv. Pavia under Shade Net Condition

The present investigation entitled, “Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Vegetative Growth Parameter of Lilium (Lilium Longiflorum) cv. Pavia Under Shade Net Condition” was under taken in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, (Allahabad). During winter season of 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and Pooled. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P and K) and organic fertilizers (FYM, Vermicompost and Poultry Manure) and control (No fertilizers and manures). The treatment T5 50% RDF + FYM 14 t ha-1 was found the statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (23.68, 57.11 and 76.41 cm), spread area (8.19 cm2, 15.54 cm2 and 18.47 cm2), Number of leaves (36.63, 57.11 and 76.41), Leaf area (15.03 cm2, 15.63 cm2 and 15.33 cm2), Chlorophyll content (66.11 mg, 65.60 mg and 65.86 mg), followed by T9 25% RDF + Vermicompost 6.9 t ha-1 and lowest yield was obtained from T0 (control).

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield Responses to Yara Fertilizer Formulations in Rain-fed Lowland Condition

This experiment evaluated the effects of Unik-15 (15N + 15P + 15K) and Actyva (23N + 10P + 5K+ 2MgO+ 3S + 0.3Zn), likewise Amidas(40N+5.6S) and urea (46N) on rice growth and yield under rain-fed lowland condition. The study was a single factor trial laid out in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications at the University for Development Studies Experimental Field, located in Tamale, Ghana. The treatments were inorganic fertilizer combinations with a control (T1 = UNIK- 15 at 125 kg ha-1 + AMI at 125 kg ha-1, T2 = ACT at 125 kg ha-1 +AMI at 125 kg ha-1; T3 = UNIK-15 at 125 kg ha-1 + URE at 125 kg ha-1, and T4 = ACT at 125 kg ha-1 +URE at 125 kg ha-1). The Growth and yield traits measured were tiller number, plant height, number of grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight. The results showed that the fertilizer treatments significantly (P<.05) influenced growth and yield parameters. The application of UNIK-15 at 125 kg ha-1+URE at 125 kg ha-1 resulted in the tallest plant (115.26 cm), longest panicle (29.30 cm), highest grain yield (6,074 kg ha-1) and maximum 1000-grain weight (23.72 g). The number of tillers were increased by 53, 66, 74 and 81% for ACT+AMI < UNIK-15+AMI < ACT+URE < UNIK- 15+URE over the control, respectively. Similarly, ACT+AMI < ACT+URE < UNIK-15+AMI < UNIK-15+URE produced more grains panicle-1 than the control, increasing it by 46, 51, 78, and 91%, respectively. Likewise, the grain yield was increased by 99, 132, and 178%, respectively, compared to the control, by ACT+AMI < ACT+URE < UNIK-15+AMI. Grain yield positively correlated with effective tiller count (r=0.53*), number of grains per panicle (r=0.90***), and 1000- grain weight (r=0.80**). Therefore, the application of UNIK-15 at 125 kg ha-1 + URE at 125 kg ha- 1 is recommended for rice production under lowland condition.

Growth and Development Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Several Combinations of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer

One of familiar green soybean, edamame is a vegetable that popularly chosen by the richest consumer. The reducing inorganic fertilizers can be realized gradually by transforming the farming from conventional to organic. Related to transformation, we observed the suitable combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers for the edamame growth and production. By a randomized block design, seven combinations of inorganic fertilizers (150 kg/ha Urea, 150 kg/ha SP-36, 100 kg/ha KCl) and organic fertilizers (compost) were applied. Three repeatations was adopted for each treatment and 30 plants per plot was used. The analysis of variance and Tukey HSD at 5% error were chosen. Based on the result, the combination of inorganic fertilizers and compost effect four plant growth and development variables such as the plant height, the number of leaves, the number of productive branches, and the time to produce 50% of a flower. The application of inorganic fertilizers at 50% and 75% combined with compost 10 t/ha increased the plant height, the number of productive branches, and the number of leaves. The number of seeded pods and the pod weight are not affected by all combinations of treatments.

PENGARUH APLIKASI PUPUK ANORGANIK DAN HAYATI TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.)

The main commodity of food crops cultivated in Indonesia is rice, but rice productivity in Indonesia has decreased. Factors that cause a decrease in rice productivity are land conversion that continues to increase and unbalanced fertilization. Efforts to increase rice yields are by applying a combination of inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. Otherwise, this study focused on studying the effect of the application of a combination of inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers on several soil chemical characteristics and rice production in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jatimulyo District, Malang City. Application of biological and inorganic fertilizers with analysys of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect on chemical characteristics parameters such as pH and available P. Otherwise, this research showed a significant effect on production, such as the weight of biomass and milled dry grain harvested. Based on this research, the best combination fertilizer is T3 (75% basal inorganic fertilizer + 100% biological fertilizer).