Combination Of Ways Research Articles

Post COVID-19 – Students’ Expectations of HyFlex Learning Opportunities

Posterior to COVID-19, many universities have returned to ordinary classroom education. Recognizing the impact of the isolation in the form of psychological strain, one of the takes were to return to on campus education to secure follow up and the personal contact with lecturers and fellow students. However, in some studies, the COVID-19 paved the way for combinations of ways of studying that many students had been waiting for. Hence, returning to an on-campus solution is not an option. Each year after the COVID-19 we have done investigations into “if” and “why” the students prefer a HyFlex solution and many of the same answers keeps being repeated: home situation, work situation and travel costs. The last investigations have also included “sustainability” as a reason for not attending classes physically. Through our mixed methods approach to collecting data, we will present and discuss our findings and the trend in the longitudinal study.

The Mechanism and Countermeasures of the Impact of State Subsidy Backslide on the Efficiency of Waste-to-Energy Enterprises—A Case Study in China

The scientific investment decision model of waste incineration power generation is helpful in providing a scientific basis for the government and environmental protection enterprises to formulate reasonable waste prices. The waste incineration power generation project revenue and cost composition framework, based on the project net present value of factors affecting causality analysis, the construction of a waste incineration power generation PPP project net present value system dynamics model, and the use of Vensim PLE software, version 7.3.5, combined with the garbage power generation of listed companies, was built, and we put into use the enterprise’s financial data and the author’s research of the case of the BOT (Build–Operate–Transfer) project data to examine the validity of the model test, simulation, and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the regression of a national subsidy does not necessarily lead to a price adjustment of the waste disposal fee, and when a change in tariff subsidy occurs, the loss brought by the reduction in a feed-in tariff can be compensated by increasing the income from carbon sinks, decreasing the intensity of investment through technological advancement, improving the coefficient of waste power generation through garbage classification, and increasing the utilization of production capacity through the treatment of multiple wastes in a single or a combination of ways.

Метафора государства и способы ее выражения в русской деловой речи

The article deals with various metaphorical models of the state structure of Russia from the Ancient Russian era to the 20 th century and linguistic means of their representation in official speech. It is assumed that the primary metaphor of the medieval state as a family state, reflected in a special "familiar" type of official communication, is focused on oral colloquial speech. The sovereign was presented as the parent of his citizens, the dependence of one prince on another was defined in terms of kinship, the reference of people towards those in authority was expressed using speech formulas with the modality of demand, disparagement, exhortation, submission, and the like. The state-as-mechanism metaphor comes to replace the family metaphor in the era of Peter the Great's reign. Decrease in emotionality and elimination of familiarity from official speech, as well as the introduction of document formatting standards have been revealed. The logical continuation of this metaphor is the "court" model of the state structure in Russia since the era of Catherine the Great, when intrastate communication featured compliance with the rules of etiquette and decency of court interaction, which tended to overcame the rigour and accuracy in expressing the purpose of communication. Further periods in the history of Russian business speech appear as combinations of ways of expressing these three basic metaphorical models.

Types of perception of information by subjects of training in the specialty “Anesthesiology and intensive care”

Background. Modern literary sources indicate that of the five main channels through which a person receives information (sight, hearing, taste, smell, and tactile sensations), subjects of learning mainly use only three — auditory, visual, and tactile that determine auditory, visual and kinesthetic. Purpose was to determine the types of perception of information by interns and participants of training in the specialty “Anesthesiology and intensive care” to optimize the postgraduate training process. Materials and methods. An anonymous survey of 48 interns and 51 practicing doctors in the specialty “Anesthesiology and intensive care” was conducted using a special questionnaire, followed by interpretation and analysis according to the dominant channels of obtaining information and their combinations. Results. When evaluating the leading (dominant) sensory modalities in the group of intern doctors, a significant advantage of auditory perception among other channels of receiving information was determined. The evaluation of the leading sensory types in the group of training participants who have their own specific work experience in the specialty showed a significant predominance of the kinesthetic informational channel, which is slightly inferior to the auditory sensory type, and only 11.2 % of the respondents account for the visual modality. The involvement of most sensory analyzers and the combination of modalities in the educational process contributes not only to the holistic perception, analysis and assimilation of educational information, but also to the formation of multimodal thinking. Therefore, during the educational process, multimodal technologies should be used, which allow providing educational material in several formats at the same time. Conclusions. 1. Interns mostly demonstrated the dominance of audio-kinesthetic and polymodal types of information acquisition. 2. Anesthesiologists with some practical experience are more inclined to monokinesthetic and audio-kinesthetic information modality. 3. The polymodal type of providing educational information is optimal in postgraduate education of medical workers. 4. The introduction of short-term trainings on mastering practical skills into the educational process creates an optimal combination of ways to obtain educational information and consolidate memory by subjects of training.

In Case You Haven't Heard…

A $1.49 million renovation of a career center in Xenia Township, Ohio, will turn the facility into a recovery housing‐to‐career program. The “Emerge Recovery and Trade Initiative” focuses on helping people recover and work. The project is spearheaded by AKA Construction of Xenia. The American Rescue Plan Act funds were awarded to Emerge by Greene County, Ohio commissioners last year. More money will need to be raised, of course. “The price of everything has gone up,” said Elaine Bonner, director of philanthropy at Emerge. “We will be looking to raise that money through a combination of ways — including donations from individuals, local businesses, corporations and other avenues.” The facility will house and train 50 men in recovery. For more on the facility, see https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/work‐on‐15‐million‐addiction‐to‐workforce‐facility‐begins‐in‐greene‐county/WAMG7FFRORBK5AJTEGFAMB7AA4/. For more on Emerge, see https://www.emergerecoverytrade.com/.

Ideal-types of experimentation practices in agricultural Living Labs: Various appropriations of an open innovation model

CONTEXTThe “Living Lab” (LL) model of innovation practices is increasingly applied and strongly supported by innovation policies in the agricultural sector. But while the main principles of LLs imply specific approaches to collectively implementing open innovation processes, few studies have developed an understanding of the different ways of doing so, in relation to the experimental practices on which they rely. While the specificities of agricultural LLs are beginning to be described, little is known about how they more particularly reconfigure experimentation in agricultural innovation systems. OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the diversity of experimentation practices in agricultural LLs. It looks at how these practices correspond to different contextualized appropriations of an open innovation model, as translated into key principles for LL implementation. METHODSFirst, we produced an analytical framework that combines the principles of the LL model as described in the LL literature with generic dimensions of experimentation as analyzed in Science and Technology Studies. Second, we used this framework to analyze the diversity of experimentation practices in eighteen cases of LLs in the agricultural and food sectors. Cases were analyzed via two approaches: 1- three small and recent ongoing LLs located in France were studied during a one-year immersive observation; and 2- a collection of 15 other cases (identified in scientific and technical literature, each case corresponding to experiments that are forms of appropriation of the LL model of innovation, sometimes in several similar LLs) were analyzed, mostly based on scientific papers (describing the LLs or their outcomes), technical documents and available information such as videos online, with additional visits and discussions with LL actors for a subset of cases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSOur results enable us to characterize three ideal-types of experimentation practices within agricultural LLs: 1- experimentation as a game of creativity in a predefined space; 2- experimentation as a progressive contextual adaptation for innovation adoption; and 3- experimentation as a catalyst for long-term local collective action. Each ideal-type corresponds to a particular combination of ways of (i) controlling what happens within the experimentation space, (ii) defining a perimeter for experimentation, (iii) integrating plural knowledge in problematization, and (iv) integrating various actors' evaluations of experiments. Beyond a clear distinction among ideal-types, appropriations of the LL model reveal different ways of anchoring the experimental process in an explicit temporality and situation, and of considering the construction of the LL itself as experimental and open-ended. SIGNIFICANCEOur analytical framework opens a new way to distinguish between various experimentation practices claiming to develop open innovation processes in agriculture. The three ideal-types that we have identified show the need to pay attention to the relation between collective experimentation practices and the LL expected outcomes.

Особенности регуляции негативных эмоций и стресса сопутствующие выбору профессии следователя

<p style="text-align: justify;">The features of the image of a professional investigator, associated with the skills of regulation of emotions, were studied in young people studying in this specialization. It was found out whether these features are manifested in experienced specialists or serve as a guide at different stages of the formation of professional identity, how they change in the course of training. Two studies involved cadets of two universities n = 274, a comparison group of psychologists, n = 78. Results processing methods: dispersion and discriminant analysis. The results revealed specific combinations of ways to explain successes and failures with actions to overcome them, which contribute to greater effectiveness of the investigator from the point of view of cadets at the beginning and at the end of training, and as part of ordinary ideas about a professional serve as a guide when choosing a profession. It turned out that the psychological characteristics corresponding to these ideas are involved in the process of the formation of professional identity, distinguishing the initial stages of its formation from the later ones. The results also make it possible to describe the mechanism for transforming the image of a professional among investigators in the process of studying at a university.</p>

Perbedaan Pemberian Metode Bom Massage Terhadap Kelancaran ASI Pada Ibu Post Partum

The BOM massage method is stimulation to help produce and expel breast milk as well as a combination of ways to care for the breasts so that milk can produce and provide relaxation for postpartum mothers. Mothers after giving birth can experience psychological fatigue associated with anxiety or depression which can hinder the flow of breast milk. Breastfeeding mothers who are always in a state of stress, sadness, anxiety, and experience various forms of tension will result in inhibition of the prolactin and oxytocin hormone systems, both of which are very influential and play an important role in the process of milk secretion. This study aims to analyze the differences in giving the BOM Massage method to the smoothness of breastfeeding in Post Partum Mothers. Analytical experimental research with RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) design. The research was conducted at PMB Fitri Handayani. The subject of the study was the Postpartum Mother with a total of 20 respondents divided into 2 groups, 10 people per group were each treated with the BOM Massage method by giving 1 time a day for 2 days and 2 times a day for 2 days. The sampling method was purposive sampling, using the Paired T-test. Results Test the differences in the BOM Massage method once a day for 2 days lower (mean= 7.70; SD= 1.77) compared to 1 day twice for 2 days (mean= 10.3; SD= 1.25) Results statistical test Paired T-test has the effect of the BOM Massage method on the smoothness of ASI with a p value <0.001. In conclusion, giving the BOM Massage method 2 times a day for 2 days is more effective for smooth breastfeeding in Cemani Sukoharjo

Husband Support on BOM Massage Practice and Reducing Fatigue in Post Partum Mothers

Background: BOM massage is a combination of ways to treat breasts so that breast milk can produce and provide relaxation to postpartum mothers. Mothers after giving birth may experience psychological fatigue related to anxiety or depression which can hinder the smooth flow of breast milk. The support of the husband and close family will greatly help the process of comfort and relaxation of the mother during the process of undergoing the postpartum period. This study aims to determine the effect of husband's assistance in the implementation of BOM messages on the level of fatigue of postpartum mothers. Subjects and Method: This research is an analytic experimental study with RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) design. The research was conducted at PMB Ngudi Saras Palur Karanganyar. The research subjects were 44 postpartum mothers, which were divided into 22 with husband's assistance and 22 others without husband's assistance. The sampling method is purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using independent-sample t-test. Results: Fatigue test results in the intervention group were lower (Mean= 2.82; SD= 1.05) compared to the control group (Mean= 7.14; SD= 1.04). Statistical test Independent-Sample T-test has an effect size of 4.13 and there is an effect with a p<0.001. Conclusion: Husband's assistance in the implementation of BOM Massage has an effect on the level of fatigue of postpartum mothers in Palur Karanganyar.

Features of legal regulation of labor relations regarding the implementation of legal guarantees

Problem setting. The implementation of the norms of a particular branch of law can occur only in the relations that constitute its subject, thus transforming these relations into legal relations. Labor law is no exception. In this regard, the rules on guarantees must be considered in terms of implementation in relations that are part of the subject of labor law. Note that the relations that are the subject of labor law are governed by special methods that form a single method of this branch of law. This, in turn, gives rise to the assertion that an additional circumstance that allows to include the relations included in the subject of labor law to an independent form, is the possibility of applying to these relations methods of legal regulation characteristic of the method of this branch of law. This approach should be used in relation to the provision of guarantees and compensation, the inclusion of which in the subject of labor law as a separate type is not excluded. To do this, we highlight the main methods of legal regulation proposed by the science of labor law, which characterize the method of this branch of law. Analysis of recent research. The works of many labor scientists, in particular: N. Bobrova, M. Vitruk, D. Karpenko, T. Markina, P. Nedbayl, K. Urzhinsky, are devoted to the study of guarantees in labor law. V. Skobelkin, O. Smirnov, N. Stolyar, L. Surovskaya, O. Yaroshenko and others. Target of research is to consider the relationship between the methods of legal regulation of the method of legal law for the provision of guarantees and compensation. Article’s main body. The article covers the issues of legal regulation of labor relations for the implementation of legal guarantees. The peculiarities of the method of legal regulation are described. It is indicated how the methods of legal regulation of the method of labor law relate to the relationship of providing guarantees and compensations. It is concluded that the regulation of relations on the provision of guarantees and indemnities takes place using special methods that are not used in relations that are the subject of labor law. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the characteristics of the method of labor law, in terms of the possibility of applying its methods to the relationship of guarantees and compensation allows us to draw the following conclusions: the method of labor law is a special combination of ways to influence the rules of law on public relations. The regulation of relations for the provision of guarantees and compensation is using methods that determine the method of labor law. At the same time, the regulation of relations on the provision of guarantees and indemnities also takes place using special methods that are not used in relations that are the subject of labor law. This fact determines the specifics of their intended purpose and indicates the presence in the system of labor law of an independent legal institution – the institution of guarantees and compensations.

Инновационные экосистемы в цифровой экономике

The article examines the formation and management of innovative ecosystems in the digital economy. Approaches to determining and content of the term “innovation ecosystem” are analyzed, the specifics and conditions of management of innovative ecosystems are investigated. There has been analyzed the concept of ecosystem as a complex self-organizing, self-regulating, self-sufficient system. There have been considered the research works devoted to innovative systems. The innovation ecosystems are viewed by scientists as the effective cooperation mechanisms aimed at combining individual proposals from different firms into a single customer-oriented proposal. In terms of a systematic approach the innovation ecosystem is defined as a living social organism, which is continuously changing under the influence of agents' behavior and the business units of the ecosystem. One of the key conditions for effective functioning of the innovation ecosystem is the use of innovation management methods. The choice or combination of ways to interact to manage an ecosystem depends on three things: the ecosystem strategy, the market environment, and the general risk appetite of agents and business units. An important aspect of ecosystem management is training of qualified personnel with a completely new type of thinking. Ecosystem manageability is found to dependent on the ability of professionals to adapt to the rapidly changing economic conditions and to continuously improve their skills. It has been inferred that the innovation ecosystem is a complex production and commercial structure, the functioning of which is associated with the unification of various kinds of business units, educational and scientific organizations to develop innovative products and services using advanced technologies, including digital ones.

A Form of TV News as Factor of Achieving Validity Effect

The problem of validity of news is a topical matter. The article is an attempt to comprehend the phenomenon of validity in TV news programs. According to the author’s hypothesis, the form in which the news is delivered influences the validity effect and may be considered a variable factor. The study is based on a normative model showing dependency of validity on the set of elements in the form of a news item. A frequency analysis aimed at determining available forms of news broadcasting involved 1 600 news items of five news channels (Russia24, Moscow24, OTR, Mir and Euronews) in the period of 01.02.2020-10.02.2020. The results show that although the newsrooms use different combinations of ways and elements in order to achieve validity effect, there are some common and most often used narrative techniques. Besides, modern news programs, regardless the editorial policy, lack the author’s point of view and emotional coloring.

Definition as a Logical and Linguistic Category

Definition is a logical and linguistic category that for a long time has been the subject of logicians’ and philosophers’ research. Today we understand a definition as a logical method that allows us to discover a word’s content, i.e. what it means in everyday use or what a speaker intends it to mean for this speaker’s own specific purposes. A definition consists of two parts: definiendum (that what is defined) and definiens (that which defines). The definiendum refers to the exact object, action, state etc., that is to be defined. The definiens contains the information necessary to define this object, action, state etc. This information is obtained during the process of definition. In the language, a definition can mean both the process of developing a sentence and the result of this process, i.e. the sentence itself. When composing an explanation of a word’s lexical meaning, we should draw on the vast experience of Russian lexicography. Practical lexicography gave us a wide range of kinds of word definitions which are now being extensively researched as theoretical generalizations and conclusions. This article explores methods of explanation of word meanings in the context of different possible logical relations between definiendum and definiens: inclusion, overlap, complementarity, adjacency. The existing word definitions (hyponymic, identifying, enumerative, synonymic, antonymic) can be distributed between those kinds of logical relations. Descriptive explanations are regarded as a specific kind of definition. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions are backed by examples from the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language.The conclusion is drawn that parts of a word definition can enter into different kinds of logical relations. Exploration of those relations is highly important for educational purposes as methodological basis for correct definitions of word meanings as well as for the composition of lexicographic explanations. At the same time, we shouldn’t forget that there are various ways to define a word’s lexical meaning. One and the same word can be defined in a number of ways, so the lexicographers’ main task is still to choose the best way or combination of ways that can fully and accurately discover the meaning of the word being defined.

УДОСКОНАЛЕНИЙ МЕТОД МАТЕМАТИЧНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ БОРТОВИХ РАДІОЛОКАЦІЙНИХ СТАНЦІЙ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗБРОЄЮ В УМОВАХ АКТИВНОЇ ПРОТИДІЇ СТАНЦІЯМ ПЕРЕШКОД ПРОТИВНИКА

The article describes an improved method for mathematical modeling of the functioning of the onboard radar in conditions of active opposition to the jammers of the enemy. The analysis of modern airborne radar systems and stations of active hindrances as objects of mathematical modeling, and existing methods of active resistance to the on-Board jammers of the enemy and methods of mathematical modeling of the functioning of the onboard radar. Generated input data for the modeling of the performance of airborne radars in noisy environments and active opposition to the jammers of the enemy, given a selected situation of air combat, which is subject to mathematical description. Were the selected indicators and criteria, characterizing efficiency of functioning of the onboard radar, the main of which is the restriction on the range of their use, depending on the applied method of resistance. Preliminary calculations regarding the application of these methods is active opposition. Given the peculiarities of application of active methods of combating enemy jamming stations, it is proposed to divide the cycle of air combat between aircraft on 5 stages, depending on the distance between them. The algorithm justify the selection of methods of countering enemy jamming stations taking into account the distance between the aircraft for continuous tracking and determined the probability of target tracking with the use of different combinations of ways of counteraction. For proper and complete evaluation of the performance of airborne radars is proposed to use fuzzy sets and the theory of games, by means of what a mathematical model of evaluating the performance of airborne radars in the conditions of active opposition to the jammers of the enemy, which was used during development of the algorithm and selecting the most efficient combination of ways to counter.

Modeling of the process of treatment of polluted washing water in circulating water systems

Optimization of the process of treatment of circulating water is an important scientific and technical task. Consideration of this issue is proposed on the example of cleaning washing water. The creation of water use systems at industrial enterprises in the recycling cycle is associated with the need for a new approach to the formulation of research, design and operation of water recycling systems. The modeling of the process of cleaning polluted washing water in circulating water use systems and solutions to the problems of optimizing the process parameters. We have elaborated a mathematical model of management of circulating water system. Thus, application of the offered technique allows to solve a problem of optimization of process of purification of the polluted waters for circulating systems of water consumption. On the basis of this technique the technological scheme of cleaning of the polluted washing waters is developed is based on application of a combination of ways of destruction of structure of pollution and ways of separation of the destabilized pollution. The technological scheme of cleaning contaminated washing water is based on a modular method of constructing a cleaning device, which is based not on individual ingredients or their dispersion, but on the type of contaminants present: pop-up, sedimentary, suspended-emulsified contaminants.

Cooperatives and New Institutional Economics

The goal of the present paper is to analyze hybrids (introduced within the New Institutional Economics) through the lenses of cooperative theory. The logical basis of this approach is provided by the fact that cooperatives are hybrids and that there have already been attempts at analyzing hybrids as cooperatives. It is demonstrated that these attempts lacked methodological support. Analysis of the activity of cooperatives demonstrated that cooperatives can be formed within active (in this case formation of the cooperative is initiated by its future members) and passive (cooperative is formed by an external structure) approach. Cooperation between members can be explicit or implicit. It helped to divide cooperatives into four groups (on the basis of the criteria of combination of way of formation and model of cooperation). The notion of induced cooperative was introduced. Induced cooperative is a cooperative formed by an external coordinator, based on implicit cooperation and oriented towards interests of its members. Advantages of induced cooperatives in comparison with classic cooperatives were described. This analysis allowed to identify sharing platforms and franchising networks as cooperatives. Differences between franchising networks and traditional cooperatives were described. The paper demonstrates that this division into four groups is applicable to hybrids in general.

Agro-Industrial Groundwater Quality Abuja FCT, Nigeria: An Evaluation for Urban and Peri-Urban (UPA) Agricultural Irrigation

From the declaration made by the African Mayors in Senegal; the Mayors and Municipal Health Officers of the Americas in Columbia; the City Executives of Cities and Local Governments of the World in Spain and in the context of the Millennium Development Goals MDG 1&7; there is a need for increased food production in urban and peri-urban areas UPA in the world. Sub-Saharan Africa faces more development challenges than any other major region of the world with most of the people living in slums, without access to adequate food, water, or sanitation. UPA contributes to increased food security, nutrition and livelihoods in a combination of ways giving access to consumer markets; less need for packaging, storage and transportation of food; potential agricultural-related jobs and incomes; non-market access to food for poor consumers; availability of fresh, perishable food. In Abuja FCT, 40% of the populations in UPA are farmers, a reason why the agricultural quality of its groundwater which is used for irrigation begs for our attention. 33% of the fresh vegetables in the Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) are produced in Abuja UPA. In order to assess groundwater for agro-industrial suitability the following were used: Physicochemical parameters (pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity), Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR, Permeability Index PI, Magnesium Adsorption Ratio MAR, Percent Sodium %Na, Kelly’s Ratio KR and Residual Sodium Carbonate RSC and the Wilcox diagram. pH ranged from, 4.8 - 7.9; EC, 13.4 - 1634 μS/cm; Temperature, 26℃ - 36.1℃ and TDS, 17.42 - 1094.78 mg/L.SAR (0.1 > SAR %Na KR RSC PI MAR

The review of methods of the long-term storage of microalgae and cyanobacteria cultures used in collections of the world federation of cultures (WFCC) in WDCM CCINFO base

Information on methods of the long-term storage of microalgas and cyanobacteria is represented in the database of world collections of alive cultures WDCM CCINFO. Summary of each method is given. Data on combinations of ways of the long-term storage of the microalgas and cyanobacteria used in the largest world collections are provided.

An electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen doped carbon material prepared from nitrogen-containing precursors

In this work, a nitrogen doped carbon material (NDC) was prepared by using a copper adenine complex as precursor and applied to electrochemical sensing of Vitamin B2 (VB2). The experimental results show that the nitrogen doped carbon material is obtained after calcination at 650 °C under argon atmosphere, afterwards, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and electrochemical method. According to the XRD data, the product was a carbon material, and infrared data demonstrates that there are two kinds of carbonyl nitrogen combination, respectively, C-N and C = N combination of ways. Importantly, we used NDC to construct electrochemical biosensor to detect VB2 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The linear range was 6 × 10-6 - 3.5 × 10-4 M (R=0.9962), the minimum detection limit was 5.4 × 10-6 M, and the sensitivity is better. Consequently, it has better sensing performance.

Differential effects of cannabinoid CB1 inverse agonists and antagonists on impulsivity in male Sprague Dawley rats: identification of a possibly clinically relevant vulnerability involving the serotonin 5HT1A receptor.

Cannabinoid CB1 inverse agonists hold therapeutic promise as appetite suppressants but have produced suicidal behaviors among a small subpopulation in clinical trials. Anatomical and pharmacological evidence implicate the 5HT1A serotonin receptor in suicide in humans and impulsivity in humans and animals. The objective of the study is to assess whether 5HT1A blockade is necessary for CB1 ligands to produce impulsivity. Sprague Dawley rats were administered the CB1 inverse agonist AM 251, the CB1 antagonist AM 6527, or the peripherally restricted antagonist AM 6545, with or without pretreatment with the 5HT1A antagonist WAY 100,635 (WAY) on the paced fixed consecutive number (FCN) task, which measures choice to terminate a chain of responses prematurely. As FCN is sensitive to changes in time perception, which have been demonstrated with CB1 blockade, a novel variable consecutive number task with discriminative stimulus (VCN-S D ) was also performed and proposed to be less sensitive to changes in timing. Pretreatment with WAY enabled mild but significant reductions in FCN accuracy for AM 251 and AM 6527. No effects were found for AM 6545. On the VCN-S D task, substantial impairments were found for the combination of WAY and AM 251. AM 251, but not the antagonists AM 6527 or AM 6545, produced impulsivity only following systemic 5HT1A blockade. Although preliminary, the results may indicate that disrupted serotonin signaling produces a vulnerability to undesirable effects of CB1 inverse agonists, which is not evident in the general population. Furthermore, neutral CB1 antagonists do not produce this effect and therefore may have greater safety.