Combination Of Virtual Reality Research Articles

The Application of AI Art in New Media Art Design

With the continuous development of AI technology, the combination of AI and new media art design will be more in-depth, and more innovative application scenarios can be explored in the future, such as the combination of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) with AI, to provide customers with a more immersive experience. With the assistance of AI, new media art design has created more diversified and innovative works, which has improved the design ability and aesthetic level of new media art. It is more in line with the needs of the new media art design industry and enhances the employment competitiveness.

Interactive Virtual Ankle Movement Controlled by Wrist sEMG Improves Motor Imagery: An Exploratory Study.

Virtual reality (VR) techniques can significantly enhance motor imagery training by creating a strong illusion of action for central sensory stimulation. In this article, we establish a precedent by using surface electromyography (sEMG) of contralateral wrist movement to trigger virtual ankle movement through an improved data-driven approach with a continuous sEMG signal for fast and accurate intention recognition. Our developed VR interactive system can provide feedback training for stroke patients in the early stages, even if there is no active ankle movement. Our objectives are to evaluate: 1) the effects of VR immersion mode on body illusion, kinesthetic illusion, and motor imagery performance in stroke patients; 2) the effects of motivation and attention when utilizing wrist sEMG as a trigger signal for virtual ankle motion; 3) the acute effects on motor function in stroke patients. Through a series of well-designed experiments, we have found that, compared to the 2D condition, VR significantly increases the degree of kinesthetic illusion and body ownership of the patients, and improves their motor imagery performance and motor memory. When compared to conditions without feedback, using contralateral wrist sEMG signals as trigger signals for virtual ankle movement enhances patients' sustained attention and motivation during repetitive tasks. Furthermore, the combination of VR and feedback has an acute impact on motor function. Our exploratory study suggests that the sEMG-based immersive virtual interactive feedback provides an effective option for active rehabilitation training for severe hemiplegia patients in the early stages, with great potential for clinical application.

Advanced outcomes of mixed reality usage in orthognathic surgery: a systematic review

IntroductionOrthognathic surgery (OGS) is a highly sophisticated surgical technique that aims to repair a variety of skeletal and dental abnormalities, including misaligned jaws and teeth. It requires precise preoperative preparation and advanced surgical skills, which are typically learned through years of practical experience in operating rooms or laboratory-based surgical training facilities utilizing cadavers or models. The traditional physical hands-on method of surgical training is still used at OGS. However, this method requires a longer time of preparation. Currently, mixed reality (MR)—a combination of virtual reality and augmented reality technology—is an innovation of OGS. The present study aimed to present a comprehensive review of studies that assessed the advantages of utilizing mixed reality technology in OGS.MethodsA modified Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome strategy was performed using a combination of electronic (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase) and manual searches between 2013 and 2023 exploring mixed reality (MR) technology in OGS in the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria were limited to the patient and study model focusing on the clinical application of MR and the associated field of OGS.ResultThe initial search indicated 1731 studies, of which 17 studies were included for analysis. The main results indicated that the use of MR technology in OGS led to high accuracy and time reduction as primary outcomes and cost-effectiveness and skill improvement as secondary outcomes. The review firmly concluded that MR technology exhibited a positive impact on students, trainees, and oromaxillofacial surgeons. However, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, meta-analyses could not be performed. Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence for the advantages of MR technology in orthognathic surgery.ConclusionMR technology significantly improves OGS planning efficiency by providing pre-surgical information and serving as an intraoperative navigation tool, reducing surgical time without compromising outcomes. Virtual training using MR technology exerts a positive impact on knowledge and skill improvement for OGS. This innovative technology will revolutionize the healthcare system and enhance patient care.

Review of Digital Campus Construction Led by Virtual Reality Technology

In recent years, the government has issued a series of documents to promote the construction of digital campuses. This initiative serves to encourage the deep integration of information technology and intelligent technology education and digital reform, the combination of virtual reality and campus management is the need for innovative thinking and economic and social development, and then better change our learning style and living environment. The construction of the digital campus is based on virtual reality technology, BIM, GIS, and three-dimensional modeling technology to provide an immersive platform for students, promote the integration of virtual reality technology and education, help teachers, students, and parents to understand all kinds of education information and resources, to achieve their interoperability. From the off-campus environment to the school teaching equipment, teachers to teaching quality certification, and learning, to extracurricular entertainment, opening ceremonies to graduation parties, to bring more efficient, convenient, and safe campus life for teachers, students, and staff in school, and break the traditional information restrictions.

VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING (VP) IN THE ARCHITECTURAL, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (AECI)

<p>Information Technologies are lieders in the fast industrial development. Virtual Prototyping, as relatively young technology, is combination of Virtual Reality and computer technologies with digital prototypes as result. It represents original's true copy in the real world, providing more efficient models' testing, prior construction. With it's implementation in the Construction Industry all the work becomes cheaper, faster, safer, environmentaly friendly and more efficient in comparison to the traditional ones. The paper's primary purpose is brief introduction to modern technologies towards which the future construction industry strives. Description of the basic terms is being followed by the explanation of main characteristics and need for the Virtual Prototyping implementation in the Architectural, Engineering & Construction Industry. Virtual Prototyping tools and real-life applications have been stated as well. At the end, limitations and possible problems are mentioned. Therefore, link between Virtual Prototyping and Architectural, Engineering & Construction Industry is created.</p>

Response, News, and Observation: Typologies of Communication in VR Documentaries

The combination of virtual reality (VR) technology and documentary style creates VR documentaries with distinctive image characteristics. This kind of image with its special spatial interaction, sense of presence, and immersion counters the one-way cognitive thinking of traditional documentary and reshapes its media properties with VR technology, which in turn generates new perception, identity, emotional experience, and understanding in the context of virtual immersive documentary image dissemination.

Visual Experimentation Research on Traditional Residential Courtyard Spaces Using Virtual Eye-Tracking Technology

Courtyard space serves as the soul of traditional residences in Southern China, representing a gem in traditional Chinese architecture. Courtyards play a multifaceted role in architecture, including functions such as lighting, ventilation, water collection, solar radiation, and environmental beautification. This paper, building upon previous research and theoretical foundations, takes three types of courtyards in "Kong House" as the research subjects. Through methods like data collection, literature analysis, questionnaire surveys, and eye-tracking experiments, the study investigates the spatial experience of courtyard spaces in traditional residences. It quantitatively validates the design theory of courtyard spaces, analyzes the similarities and differences in spatial experiences among comprehensive courtyards, landscape courtyards, and functional courtyards, and concludes the study. The experiments indicate that incorporating courtyard spaces in traditional residences can effectively influence human behavior patterns and perceptual choices. Comprehensive courtyards typically stimulate more exploration and lingering behaviors. The combination of virtual reality and eye-tracking experiments provides valuable visual information and statistical data for analyzing human behavior and evaluating traditional residential design schemes.

Visual Experimentation Research on Traditional Residential Courtyard Spaces Using Virtual Eye-Tracking Technology

Courtyard space serves as the soul of traditional residences in Southern China, representing a gem in traditional Chinese architecture. Courtyards play a multifaceted role in architecture, including functions such as lighting, ventilation, water collection, solar radiation, and environmental beautification. This paper, building upon previous research and theoretical foundations, takes three types of courtyards in "Kong House" as the research subjects. Through methods like data collection, literature analysis, questionnaire surveys, and eye-tracking experiments, the study investigates the spatial experience of courtyard spaces in traditional residences. It quantitatively validates the design theory of courtyard spaces, analyzes the similarities and differences in spatial experiences among comprehensive courtyards, landscape courtyards, and functional courtyards, and concludes the study. The experiments indicate that incorporating courtyard spaces in traditional residences can effectively influence human behavior patterns and perceptual choices. Comprehensive courtyards typically stimulate more exploration and lingering behaviors. The combination of virtual reality and eye-tracking experiments provides valuable visual information and statistical data for analyzing human behavior and evaluating traditional residential design schemes.

Virtual reality and neurofeedback as a supportive approach to managing cancer symptoms for patients receiving treatment: A brief report of a feasibility trial.

Managing cancer symptoms while patients receive systemic treatment remains a challenge in oncology. The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches like virtual reality (VR) and neurofeedback (NF) in tandem with systemic treatment might reduce symptom burden for patients. The combination of VR + NF as a CAM intervention approach is novel and understudied, particularly as it relates to supportive cancer care. The purpose of this study is to summarize our VR + NF study protocol and share preliminary results regarding study retention (across 2 treatment sessions) and preliminary impact of VR or VR + NF on patient-reported outcomes such as anxiety and pain. We utilized a parallel arm trial design to compare preliminary impact of VR only and VR + NF on cancer symptoms among patients who are actively receiving cancer treatment. Sixty-seven percent (n = 20) of participants returned to participate in a second VR session, and the rates of return were the same between the VR groups. Patients in the VR + NF group showed improvements in anxiety after both sessions, while patients in the VR only group showed significant improvements in pain and depression after both sessions. Patients in the VR + NF group showed improved pain after session 1. This study demonstrates that patients can be retained over multiple treatment sessions and that VR and NF remain promising treatment approaches with regard to impact on patient-reported outcomes like anxiety and pain.

Effects of virtual reality versus motor imagery versus routine physical therapy in patients with parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundParkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mostly affecting balance and motor function caused mainly by a lack of dopamine in the brain. The use of virtual reality (VR) and motor imagery (MI) is emerging as an effective method of rehabilitation for people with Parkinson’s disease. Motor imagery and virtual reality have not been compared in patients with Parkinson’s disease. This randomized clinical trial is unique to compare the effects of virtual reality with routine physical therapy, motor imagery with routine physical therapy, and routine physical therapy alone on balance, motor function, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease.MethodsA total of sixty patients with Parkinson’s disease were randomized into three groups using lottery method; twenty with virtual reality therapy in addition to physical therapy (group A = VR + RPT), twenty with imagery therapy in addition to physical therapy (group B = MI + RPT), and twenty were treated with only routine physical therapy (group C = RPT). All patients were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for motor function and activities of daily living, the Berg balance scale (BBS) for balance, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABCs) for balance confidence at baseline, six and twelve weeks, and one month after treatment discontinuation. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the outcomes between three groups, and the repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the outcomes within each of the three groups at a significance level of p-value = 0.05.ResultsAccording to UPDRS III, the VR + RPT group showed significant improvement in motor function, compared to the MI + RPT and RPT groups, as the Mean ± SD at baseline was 33.95 ± 3.501 and at the 12-week assessment was 17.20 ± 9.451 with a p-value = 0.001. In the VR + RPT group, the BBS score at baseline was 37.15 ± 3.437 and at 12th week was 50.10 ± 4.897 with a p-value = 0.019. Among the VR + RPT group, the ABCS score showed significant improvement as the M ± SD at baseline was 57.95 ± 4.629, and at the 12th week was 78.59 ± 6.386 with a p-value = 0.010. At baseline, the UPDRS II for activities of daily living in the VR + RPT group was 25.20 ± 3.036 and at 12th week it was 15.30 ± 2.364 with p-value of 0.000.ConclusionThe current study found that the combination of VR and RPT proved to be the most effective treatment method for improving balance, motor function, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson’s disease when compared to MI + RPT or RPT alone.

A low-cost, wireless, 4-channel EEG measurement system used in virtual reality environments

The combination of Virtual Reality (VR) technology and Electroencephalography (EEG) measurements has shown tremendous potential in the fields of psychology and neuroscience research. However, the majority of EEG measurement devices currently available are expensive, bulky, uncomfortable to wear, and difficult to integrate with VR headsets. These limitations have hindered the development of related research fields. This study describes a low-cost (60.07 USD), small-sized, wireless, high-precision, low-power consumption 4-channel EEG measurement system (NeuroVista) for frontal area EEG measurements, which can be used with a VR headset, enabling EEG measurements in VR environments. The system has an input-referred noise of less than 0.9480 μVrms, a common mode rejection ratio of over 96 dB, a measurement resolution of less than 0.1 μV, a bandwidth of 0.5 ∼ 45 Hz, and works at a sampling rate of 250 Hz. It also supports metal dry electrodes and includes a built-in analog bandpass filter, right-leg drive circuit, and built-in digital lowpass filter and notch filter, which can reduce noise during measurement. Researchers can reconstruct the electrode system to measure regions of interest according to their needs.

Combining Virtual Reality with Mixed Reality for Efficient Training in Battery Manufacturing

AbstractThe manufacturing process of batteries can be complex and time‐consuming. We introduce a new version of the digital twin of our lithium‐ion battery pilot line, Simubat 4.0 Gen‐2, based on a new combination of Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality. This digital twin is designed to deliver training on the lithium‐ion battery manufacturing process and electrode properties. This tool aims to make users active learners, helping them visualize and understand complex concepts and meets a strong need for skilled labor linked to the blooming of battery gigafactory, in particular in our region. We report here a detailed study of the educational contribution of Simubat 4.0 Gen‐2. This study was performed during two filmed training sessions: the first one with chemistry MSc. students, and the second one with AESC Gigafactory trainees. We used questionnaires to measure the usability and usefulness and at the same time, we studied the usage by analyzing errors and qualitatively assessing communications among the participants. Our study revealed that users had more knowledge after using our digital twin; the tool was evaluated as being efficient by the users and it has been proven to be suitable for training in battery manufacturing.

Network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of different treatments in reducing amniocentesis-associated pain and anxiety

ObjectiveThis network meta-analysis compared different methods to determine which is most efficient at lowering pain and anxiety in women undergoing amniocentesis.MethodWe looked through all published randomized controlled trials in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EM base. Anxiety and pain were the predominant results. We used the R software version 4.2.1 to analyze the data.ResultsWe included a total of 20 studies, with sample sizes ranging from 60 to 570. Virtual reality was the most effective strategy for lowering pain during AC [MD = -1.30, 95% CI (-2.11, -0.49)]. In addition, paracetamol use was the most successful approach for lowering pain following AC [MD = -1.68, 95% CI (-1.99, -1.37)]. The use of H7 acupressure, however, was the strategy that significantly reduced anxiety following AC [SMD = -15.46, 95% CI (-17.77, -13.15)].ConclusionThe most effective method for reducing pain is the combination of virtual reality with paracetamol. Whereas, the most effective way to reduce anxiety is to combine an ice gel pack with H7 acupressure before applying AC.

Virtual reality aggression prevention treatment in a Dutch prison-based population: a pilot study.

Treating violent behavior in prisons comes with challenges, such as the inability to practice safely with triggering situations and motivational issues. A solution may be the use of Virtual Reality (VR). With VR, specific conditions or needs can be tailored for individual practice, it can enhance motivation and VR has proven to be a safe and effective tool in mental health treatment. A pilot study was conducted to test the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effects of VR Aggression Prevention Treatment (VRAPT) in a prison-based population. In total 17 detainees with aggressive behavior were included in this single-group pilot study. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed using qualitative measures for participants and therapists. Preliminary treatment effects were measured with self-report and observational measures on aggression, anger, emotion regulation, and impulsiveness. Participants and therapists were predominantly positive about VRAPT. Participants rated the sessions with an average satisfaction score of 9.2 out of 10 (SD = 0.3). Qualitative data showed that participants reported having learned to respond more adequately to aggressive behavior and gained insights into their own and others' triggers and tension. The combination of VR and theory was experienced as a strength of the treatment, as well as the ability to trigger aggression in VR which provided insights into aggression. However, the theoretical framework was found to be too complex, and more aggressive and personal scenarios should be incorporated into the sessions. Self-reported aggression, anger, provocation, emotion regulation, and observed verbal aggression decreased and seemed to stabilize after the treatment ended, with small to medium effect sizes. VRAPT proved feasible and acceptable for most participants and therapists. An adapted treatment protocol called Virtual Reality Treatment for Aggression Control (VR-TrAC), will be used in a future RCT to investigate the effects of the treatment in a prison-based population.

Combination of Virtual Reality (VR) and BCI & fMRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder

The combination of virtual reality and fMRI is an innovative methodology that is used to make inferences about the neurological stimulations that take place in the brain of the person with ASD during the use of the VR tool. At the same time, the use of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) will be important, as it can be used to achieve direct interaction between the person with ASD and the computer. Still, equally important conclusions can be arrived at through the EEG electroencephalogram, also establishing the neurological processes that are carried out during the use of the VR tool. The use of the two technologies mentioned above contributes to presenting in-depth conclusions and data about the emotional state experienced by children with ASD throughout the experimental process and their interaction with the virtual reality tool.

SP11.16 Development and Validation of a Novel Simulation-Based Assessment of Operative Skill for Higher Specialist Trainees in General Surgery

Abstract Introduction Simulation is an established training modality, though its use in high-stakes assessment is under-explored. This study sought to develop and validate a novel assessment of operative competence for higher specialist trainees in general surgery. Methods Content validity was derived from a previously conducted Delphi consensus study of trainers. Eight stations were created using a combination of virtual reality and bio-hybrid models. The assessment was designed to assess performance at the end of ‘phase 2’ of training. Performance was scored using an equally weighted Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) tool and a modified Procedure Based Assessment (PBA) tool. Validity evidence was analysed in accordance with Messick's validity framework. Both ‘junior’ (ST2 - ST4) and ‘senior’ trainees (ST 5 - ST8) were included to allow for comparative analysis. Results Thirteen trainees (six ‘junior’ trainees and seven ‘senior’ trainees) were observed and scored by a total of ten assessors across eight stations. Inter-station reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.81). Inter-rater reliability was acceptable (inter-class correlation coefficient 0.77). A significant difference in mean station score was observed between junior and senior trainees (44.82 vs 58.18, p = .004). Mean scores were moderately correlated with increasing training year (rs = .74, p = .004, Kendall’s tau-b .57, p = 0.009). A pass-fail score generated using borderline regression methodology resulted in all ‘senior’ trainees passing and 4/6 (66.66%) of junior trainees failing the assessment. Conclusion This study demonstrates the validity, reliability and feasibility of a novel simulation-based assessment, designed to assess the operative competence of higher specialist trainees in general surgery.

A non-immersive virtual reality serious game application for flood safety training

Various methodologies and technologies have been developed and tested to train communities for natural hazards and investigate human behaviour. The combination of Virtual Reality (VR) and Serious Games (SG) represents a promising solution to expose communities to different hazardous scenarios in a totally safe way and without exposing the testers to any real risks. Previous studies tested VR SG for several different natural hazards and safety training scenarios, but only a few applications have been proposed within the context of flood safety training. Furthermore, comprehensive prototyping works aimed at evaluating VR SG applications in terms of knowledge acquisition, self-efficacy and user experience, are still needed.This work proposes a novel non-immersive VR SG in the context of users' safety in the event of flooding in the urban built environment, pursuing the users' safety training. The proposed application is based on several modules, which can be combined to form different storylines and training objectives. The VR SG capabilities are demonstrated here by firstly considering one significant storyline. Results show a significant increase in self-efficacy and safety knowledge after the VR experience, thus suggesting the possibility to exploit it for increasing users’ awareness and preparedness. Furthermore, results also demonstrate the existence of similarities between real-world behaviours and VR choices by the tested individuals, thus suggesting how an application of this kind could also be used to support the development and validation of flood evacuation simulators.

Virtual reality as a means to explore assistive technologies for the visually impaired.

Visual impairment represents a significant health and economic burden affecting 596 million globally. The incidence of visual impairment is expected to double by 2050 as our population ages. Independent navigation is challenging for persons with visual impairment, as they often rely on non-visual sensory signals to find the optimal route. In this context, electronic travel aids are promising solutions that can be used for obstacle detection and/or route guidance. However, electronic travel aids have limitations such as low uptake and limited training that restrict their widespread use. Here, we present a virtual reality platform for testing, refining, and training with electronic travel aids. We demonstrate the viability on an electronic travel aid developed in-house, consist of a wearable haptic feedback device. We designed an experiment in which participants donned the electronic travel aid and performed a virtual task while experiencing a simulation of three different visual impairments: age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Our experiments indicate that our electronic travel aid significantly improves the completion time for all the three visual impairments and reduces the number of collisions for diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Overall, the combination of virtual reality and electronic travel aid may have a beneficial role on mobility rehabilitation of persons with visual impairment, by allowing early-phase testing of electronic travel aid prototypes in safe, realistic, and controllable settings.

Digital Forensic in A Virtual World; A Case of Metaverse and VR

Metaverse is a virtual space where users can interact with each other. It is a combination of virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality. This evolving technology can offer many exciting opportunities that can be used for individuals and businesses. Although this technology has many advantages, people are misusing it for their benefit. Many cyberattacks are occurring in the metaverse world because it has various vulnerabilities and privacy issues. This paper explains four cyberattacks and a case scenario of each attack as it relates to the metaverse. Additionally, this study developed a metaverse forensic framework that can be used to investigate cyberattacks in the metaverse world. Furthermore, this study describes how forensic examiners can conduct a forensic investigation using state-of-the-art forensic solutions and tools. The developed framework can be used by forensic examiners, security researchers, as well as the general scientific community for the security of the metaverse.

The combination and application of virtual reality and artificial intelligence

In recent years, virtual reality technology has gradually entered the public's vision. The rapid development of virtual reality technology has caused a great impact on people's cognition. Artificial intelligence (AI) is also a cutting-edge modern technology that can greatly affect human life. The combination of virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence is also seen as a new research direction. Based on this situation. By comparing with traditional virtual reality technology, this paper analyses the necessity and development situation of the combination of AI and VR, and expounds the feasibility and importance of AI+VR. At the same time, it explains how artificial intelligence can enhance the fidelity and interactivity of virtual reality technology to a certain extent. In addition, it also studies how AI can help VR in solving the current difficulties faced by VR technology. In addition, it also summarizes the application status of AI+VR, and looks forward to the impact of artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology on our life.