Combination Of Physical Activity Research Articles

THE HEALTH IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE PSYCHOPHYSICAL STATE OF ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS

The purpose of our research is to ascertain the impact of tourism activities on the psychophysical state of elderly individuals. Materials and methods. 221 people took part in the transformative experiment aged 60-65, who attend the University of the Third Age (152 women and 69 men). It is worth mentioning that the frequency of classes at the University of the Third Age was 3 classes per week, lasting 40-60 minutes. The program is designed for 6 months and consists of preparatory (adaptation), main (improvement) and supporting periods. Each of the periods was aimed at achieving a set of tasks. To assess the quality of life SF-36 was used. To assess the satisfaction of the participants' lives, the Life Satisfaction Index (LSIA). Physical activity was evaluated using the PWC150 test. The level of success in psychosocial adaptation was assessed using a modified Rogers and Diamond questionnaire. Mind performance was assessed using Bourdon's correction test. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the differences between the data. In each case, the hypothesis was tested, and the p-value was calculated. Conclusions regarding the significance of testing were made at the 0.05 significance level. In the conditions of the University of the Third Age, during the implementation of the concept, positive dynamics of indicators of motor activity, quality and satisfaction with life, mental and physical working capacity, rates of aging, socio-psychological adaptation, cognitive functions, psycho-emotional state were fixed. However, we note significant changes in integral indicators of socio-psychological adaptation at the end of the study, namely, in the indicators of self-perception (women – 68.8 ± 0.7 points; men – 78.8 ± 4.1 points) and emotional comfort (women 63.3 ± 1.7 points ; men 69.2 ± 1.2 points) (p=0.05). As was anticipated, for elderly individuals who continue self-education in their later years, the tourism program had a positive impact on cognitive functioning indicators. Conclusion. Involvement in health tourism has a positive impact on the psychophysical state of elderly individuals. The combination of physical activity, social interaction and the acquisition of new experiences contributes to the improvement of emotional, physical and cognitive health.

Physical Activity and Engagement Coping: A Key for Stress-Recovery in Mexican University Students

Physical activity and coping styles are factors that contribute to health status and to the reduction of stress. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of physical activity and coping styles on recovery-stress state among Regular Physical Activity University Students (n = 67) and High-Performance University Athletes (n = 67) from a Mexican university. The results show statistically significant differences in the capacity of recovery from stress in High-Performance University Athletes. Additionally, two positive correlations emerged: one of engagement coping and recovery, and one of disengagement coping and stress. The interaction between engagement coping and physical activity predicted general well-being. In females, the engagement coping style predicts recovery from stress. We concluded that physical activity in combination with an engagement coping style contributes to the development of health in university students.

Nighttime Bracing or Exercise in Moderate-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Moderate-grade adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) may be treated with full-time bracing. For patients who reject full-time bracing, the effects of alternative, conservative interventions are unknown. To determine whether self-mediated physical activity combined with either nighttime bracing (NB) or scoliosis-specific exercise (SSE) is superior to a control of physical activity alone (PA) in preventing Cobb angle progression in moderate-grade AIS. The Conservative Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (CONTRAIS) randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 10, 2013, through October 23, 2018, in 6 public hospitals across Sweden. Male and female children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years with an AIS primary curve Cobb angle of 25° to 40°, apex T7 or caudal, and skeletal immaturity based on estimated remaining growth of at least 1 year were included in the study. Dates of analysis were from October 25, 2021, to January 28, 2023. Interventions included self-mediated physical activity in combination with either NB or SSE or PA (control). Patients with treatment failure were given the option to transition to a full-time brace until skeletal maturity. The primary outcome was curve progression of 6° or less (treatment success) or curve progression of more than 6° (treatment failure) seen on 2 consecutive posteroanterior standing radiographs compared with the inclusion radiograph before skeletal maturity. A secondary outcome of curve progression was the number of patients undergoing surgery up until 2 years after the primary outcome. The CONTRAIS study included 135 patients (45 in each of the 3 groups) with a mean (SD) age of 12.7 (1.4) years; 111 (82%) were female. Treatment success was seen in 34 of 45 patients (76%) in the NB group and in 24 of 45 patients (53%) in the PA group (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.6). The number needed to treat to prevent curve progression with NB was 4.5 (95% CI, 2.4-33.5). Treatment success occurred in 26 of 45 patients (58%) in the SSE group (OR for SE vs PA, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5-2.8). Up to 2 years after the primary outcome time point, 9 patients in each of the 3 groups underwent surgery. In this randomized clinical trial, treatment with NB prevented curve progression of more than 6° to a significantly higher extent than did PA, while SSE did not; in addition, allowing transition to full-time bracing after treatment failure resulted in similar surgical frequencies independent of initial treatment. These results suggest that NB may be an effective alternative intervention in patients rejecting full-time bracing. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01761305.

The combination of physical activity with fruit and vegetable intake associated with life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults: a 16-year population-based cohort study

BackgroundLife satisfaction (LS) is part of a positive psychological feeling that protects individuals from a physical decline in old age. A healthy lifestyle, including physical activity (PA) and a healthy diet, such as the intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V), can lead to a better experience of LS in older adults. However, the association between PA and F&V intake habits when occurring together in older adults is still unclear for LS. The study aimed to investigate the combined association of PA and F&V intake on LS among a cohort of older Taiwanese adults.MethodsFive waves of population-based data gathered by the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging between 1999 and 2015 were analyzed. The year 1999 was set as the baseline, and the number of respondents was 4,440. The independent variables included the frequency, duration, and intensity of PA and the frequency of F&V intake. LS was assessed by using the Life Satisfaction Index. We performed generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis with adjustment for covariates of health behaviors and health indicators.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, model 1 showed that moderate and high-PA levels significantly correlated with LS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.12–1.79) and OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.50–2.02). Moreover, high-F&V intake significantly correlated with LS (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.69–2.53). Regarding the combined association shown in model 2, compared with both the low PA and F&V intake group, there were significantly higher LS in the both-high-group (OR = 4.69, 95% CI = 3.49–6.31), only-high-F&V intake (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 2.14–3.85), only-high-PA (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.74–3.52).ConclusionsOur findings show the significant combined association of PA and F&V intake on LS among older adults. In addition, older adults who engaged in higher frequency, duration, and intensity of daily PA combined more than seven times a week of F&V intake had significantly higher LS than those who only engaged in low PA or only intake less F&V. Adopting multiple healthy behaviors in daily life is a safe and effective approach to promote LS among older adults.

The relationship between the gut microbiome and resistance training: a rapid review

The human gut microbiome is attracting increasing attention because of its overall effect on health. Several reviews have investigated the impact of physical activity on the gut microbiome; however, these predominantly concentrate on either endurance or a combination of physical activities. This study aims to describe the effect of resistance or strength training on the gut microbiome of a human population. This rapid review follows the guidelines of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Guidance along with PRISMA. A review of the literature was carried out using articles indexed by PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science published in the last 12 years. None of the seven studies included find significant change in the gut microbiome in terms of bacterial taxa composition or overall diversity, though the results show that resistance training might decrease the zonulin level and increase mucin production and thereby reduce inflammation in the gut. Interestingly, two studies point to a gut-muscle axis connection and this is discussed in our paper. However, due to the small number of existing studies and certain methodological disagreements, it was hard to find a consensus on the relationship between the gut microbiome and resistance training.

IMPLEMENTING OF BOXING ELEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN EUROPE AND UKRAINE

Introduction. The lack of physical activity among the youth of Ukraine is increasing every year. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend of lack of interest among students in physical education classes. This is due to the fact that the content of physical education lessons at school is not interesting and of little use, it has hardly changed since the independence of Ukraine, and there are also no sports for students to choose from. One of the ways to modernize the content of the physical education process is the inclusion in the program of the subject "Physical culture" of exercises borrowed from such a sport as boxing [7, 8, 9]. The aim of the study is to analyze and summarize the application of boxing elements in the process of physical education in educational institutions in European countries. Material and methods: analysis and synthesis of data from scientific-methodical literature sources and informative data from the Internet to clarify the key features of using boxing elements in general secondary education institutions in Europe. Results. In many European countries, boxing as a school sport is becoming more and more popular, it is often recognized as a valuable tool not only for the physical development of students, but also for improving discipline and self-confidence [7, 9]. The combination of physical activity and thinking makes boxing an exciting sport that goes far beyond the simple study of punching techniques. In this article, we will consider the prospects of using boxing tools in the process of physical education and emphasize the numerous advantages. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the experience of implementing boxing into the physical education process in educational institutions in Switzerland, Germany, and Ukraine, it can be concluded that integrating boxing into the physical education curriculum in educational institutions can make a significant contribution to enhancing the physical education process in Ukraine.

The effect of the physical exercise on the redox status of chil- dren with repaired congenital heart diseases

Purpose. Evaluation of the impact of the physical rehabilitation program with the inclusion of ubidecarenone on the redox status in children with repaired congenital heart diseases. Material and methods. Markers of free radical oxidation (lactate, pyruvate, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio) and antioxidant system (catalase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase) were studied in 84 children, including 48 children with repaired congenital heart diseases and 36 healthy peers. The main group consisted of 28 patients who performed a rehabilitation program using physical activity in combination with taking ubidecarenone for a year, the comparison group consisted of 20 children who received only ubidecarenone. Results. After the rehabilitation program was completed, both the main group and the comparison group had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in lactate levels, the ratio of lactate to pyruvate, and an increase in catalase and reduced RBC glutathione. The group of children who performed physical exercises had significantly lower levels of markers of free radical oxidation and higher values of markers of the antioxidant system than the patients from the comparison group. Conclusion. There are free radical oxidation and the antioxidant system impairments in children with repaired congenital heart diseases. The use of ubidecarenone reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant protection in children with repaired congenital heart diseases. The inclusion of physical activity in the rehabilitation program for children with repaired congenital heart diseases improves the redox status and increases the effectiveness of rehabilitation.

Physical Activity Plus Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Can Decrease Anxiety Symptoms and Insomnia Severity Among Individuals With Poor Sleep Quality

Background and Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were increased reports of sleep problems. Individuals with poor sleep quality are at particular risk of reporting symptoms of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life, along with substance abuse. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined physical activity and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depressive symptoms and insomnia severity among individuals with poor sleep quality.Methods Participants were 60 males and females with mean age (standard deviation) of 39.29 (5.82) years. Participants were randomly divided into 4 groups of 1) physical activity, 2) ACT, 3) combination of physical activity and ACT, and 4) control. The study consisted of four stages: pre-test, interventions, post-test, and follow-up. Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess time by group interactions.Results The results showed that the symptoms of anxiety and depression and sleep problems were reduced for the physical activity, ACT, and combined groups, compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Superiority in all outcomes of the combined group was shown, compared to the other groups.Conclusions The present findings suggest that among individuals with poor sleep quality, combined physical activity and ACT intervention has the potential to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression and insomnia severity. It further appears that health organizers should pay more attention to physical activity interventions in individuals with poor sleep quality.

Associations between changes in physical activity and perceived social exclusion and loneliness within middle-aged adults – longitudinal evidence from the German ageing survey

BackgroundPrevious research showed negative associations between physical activity and loneliness in older adults. However, information on associations among middle-aged adults is scarce. In this prognostic factor study, we investigated if starting or stopping to follow the WHO physical activity recommendations was associated with changes in perceived social exclusion and loneliness in this age bracket.MethodsWe used longitudinal representative data of participants aged 40 to 64 years from the German Ageing Survey waves in 2014 and 2017 (analytical sample = 4,264 observations, 54% women). Perceived social exclusion was investigated with the scale from Bude and Lantermann. Loneliness was quantified with the 6-items loneliness scale from De Jong Gierveld. Information from the International Physical Activity Survey items on the time spend in moderate and vigorous physical activity per week was dichotomized. Participants were coded as either following or not following the WHO´s physical activity recommendations of spending at least 150 min of moderate, 75 min of vigorous or an appropriated combination of physical activity per week. We investigated the within (individual) association between starting and stopping to follow WHO´s physical activity recommendations and perceived social exclusion as well as loneliness in asymmetric fixed effects regressions. Analyses were adjusted for age, marital status, employment status, social-network size, general self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, self-rated health, BMI, comorbidities, and physical functioning (SF-36).ResultsStopping to follow the physical activity recommendations from the WHO was associated with perceived social exclusion (ß= 0.09 p = 0.04) but not with loneliness (ß=-0.01, p = 0.71). Starting to follow the WHO physical activity recommendations was neither associated with social exclusion (ß=-0.02, p = 0.54) nor with loneliness (ß=-0.01, p = 0.74) in adjusted asymmetric fixed effects regressions.ConclusionIn middle-aged adults, longitudinal associations were found for physical activity and perceived social exclusion. Perceived social exclusion may be prevented by maintaining at least 150 min of moderate physical activities per week, which is the WHO physical activity recommendation. Future research should investigate moderators and mediators in the association between physical activity and social exclusion as well as loneliness.

The effect of different combinations of physical activity and natural environment videos on children's attention levels between class breaks

BackgroundPhysical activity intervention and watching natural environment videos have been proven to improve young children’s attention levels. However, evidence comparing the improvement effects of different combinations of the two activities has rarely been reported. By comparing the differences in the improvement effects of four combinations of physical activities and watching natural environment videos on young children’s attention levels, this study can enrich the evidence in this research field and also provide a reference for arranging effective intervention methods for children’s attention recovery between classes.MethodA total of 152 children aged 4 to 6 years were recruited and randomly divided into four intervention groups: (1) physical activity intervention first and thereafter watching a natural environment video group (activity + video group), (2) watching a natural environment video first and thereafter the physical activity intervention group (video + activity group), (3) physical activity-based group, and (4) natural environment video-based group. Physical activity involved 4 min of moderate-intensity basic physical fitness combination training. The subjects wore the Pico Neo pioneer version of the VR glasses all-in-one machine to watch a natural environment video. Thereafter, population sociological variables and daily physical activity levels were investigated. Auditory and visual sustained attention tests were performed before and after intervention in each group.ResultThe auditory attention post-test scores of the four groups showed an improvement trend compared with the pretest scores. In particular, the activity + video group (F = 10.828; ɳp2 = 0.226; p = 0.002) and natural environment video-based group (F = 9.452; ɳp2 = 0.203; p = 0.004) have the best improvement effect. For visual attention, only the activity + video group showed a significant improvement trend (F = 4.287; ɳp2 = 0.104; p = 0.045), while the other three groups showed a downward trend in scores.ConclusionsAmong the different intervention combinations, the physical activity intervention first and watching natural environment videos thereafter group has the best effect on improving children’s attention during recess. Physical activity interventions at the end of recess adversely affect young children’s visual attention levels at the beginning of the class. Therefore, this study recommends that children should not engage in physical activity interventions in the second half of the class break. Lastly, the current research recommends presenting the content of physical activity interventions first and further improving their attention thereafter by watching natural environment videos.

A Review Article: The Combination of Physical Activity and Healthy Diet in Adolescents to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia and caused by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Teenagers can be affected by diabetes mellitus as well as adults and the elderly. Disease prevention efforts are one method of reducing the risk factor. A combination of physical activity and healthy diet can help control risk factors, especially in teenagers. Purpose: for the investigation and identification of various research findings relating to the influence of physical activity and healthy diet on the prevention of diabetes mellitus in adolescents Method: a method study which we use in the form of analytical content to build a review article by identifying, reviewing, and evaluating all related research with an influence on the combination of physical activity and healthy diet in adolescents. The source of data in review articles is Google scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct with the key words "Diabetes mellitus", "Physical activity", and "healthy diet. We found 5.000 related articles using search engines as our article data source. Out of 100 articles, only 10 articles were eligible for literature review. People who don't do physical activity have a higher risk of having diabetes mellitus by 3,198 times, compared to people who do physical activity heavily every day. People who consume food processed from flour like a biscuit have a 1.198 times greater risk of having diabetes mellitus compared with people who never consume food processed from flour. Activity physically is greatly influenced by its intensity, so it will have an effect on the rate of glucose in the blood. Based on the literature review, we do show that in the age group of adolescents, prevention of diabetes mellitus can be conducted with combining physical activity with dietary pattern. This thing is related to insulin secretion, so glucose homeostasis can be more awake. Nonetheless, more research is needed to account for other diabetes risk factors, such as overweight and obesity, genetics, and a healthy lifestyle pattern.

Abstract P010: Molecular mediators of the energy balance-colorectal cancer link: evaluating the gut microbiome and pro-inflammatory biomarkers

Abstract Background: Physical activity and BMI are convincingly associated with colorectal cancer risk, yet the underlying molecular mediators and their interplay in the energy balance-cancer link remain unclear. Possible counteracting effects of physical activity on obesity-induced metabolic changes, including systemic inflammation and changes in the gut microbiome, have yet to be studied. Here, we investigated associations of several combinations of physical activity and BMI with pro-inflammatory biomarkers and the gut microbiome and relationships between these two mediators among patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: N=579 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (stages I-IV) were included. Physical activity at baseline was assessed using an adapted International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and participants were classified as being ‘active’ or ‘inactive’ based on physical activity guidelines. BMI at baseline was abstracted from medical records and categorized into ‘normal weight’ and ‘overweight/obese’. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, SAA, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) were measured in pre-surgery serum samples. In a subset of patients (n=179), 16S rRNA gene sequencing was additionally performed in pre-surgery stool samples. Relative abundances were determined for each taxonomic level and used to calculate diversity metrics. Analyses were adjusted for sex, stage at diagnosis, neoadjuvant treatment, and study site. Results: ‘Obese’ patients had 88% and 17% higher CRP and TNF-α levels compared to ‘normal weight’ patients (p=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Highest CRP levels were observed among ‘overweight or obese/inactive’ compared to ‘normal weight/active’ patients (p=0.03). Lower gut microbial diversity was observed among ‘inactive’ vs. ‘active’ patients (Shannon index: p=0.01, Simpson: p=0.03), ‘obese’ vs. ‘normal weight’ patients (Shannon index, Simpson, and Observed species: p=0.02, respectively), and ‘overweight or obese/inactive’ vs. ‘normal weight/active’ patients (Shannon index: p=0.02, Observed species: p=0.04). Two phyla and 12 genera (e.g., Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, and Ruminococcus, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum) were differentially abundant across physical activity and BMI groups. High CRP and TNF-α levels were statistically significantly associated with lower alpha diversity metrics (p=0.02-0.05). Conclusions: This is the first evidence indicating that the gut microbiome may be a molecular mediator of the energy balance-colorectal cancer link. We further provide evidence of associations between physical activity and BMI groups with pro-inflammatory biomarkers. While BMI was identified as the key driver of inflammation, biomarker levels were higher among ‘inactive’ patients across BMI groups. Physical activity may offset obesity-induced inflammation and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Our results further provide new insights into the host-microbiome interactions with respect to systemic inflammation. Citation Format: Caroline Himbert, W. Zac Stephens, Biljana Gigic, Tengda Lin, Jennifer Ose, Anjelica Ashworth, Christy Warby, David Nix, Jolanta Jedrzkiewicz, Anita R Peoples, Mary Bronner, Bartley Pickron, Courtney Scaife, Jessica N. Cohan, William M. Grady, Stacey A. Cohen, Mukta Krane, Petra Schrotz-King, Jane C. Figueiredo, Adetunji T. Toriola, Erin M. Siegel, Christopher I. Li, Alexis Ulrich, David Shibata, June L. Round, Lyen C. Huang, Martin Schneider, Sheetal Hardikar, Cornelia M Ulrich. Molecular mediators of the energy balance-colorectal cancer link: evaluating the gut microbiome and pro-inflammatory biomarkers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P010.

THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE PREVENTION AND NUMBER OF FALLS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE

Regular physical activity can bring significant health benefits to people of all ages, and the need for physical activity does not decrease with age, but it has been proven that it can prolong a healthier and more independent life, prevent disability and significantly contribute to improving the lives of the elderly. In addition to the fact that each type of physical activity to a certain extent improves motor skills (strength, coordination, balance, agility, ...), mental health (self-esteem, quality of life) and reduces the risk of cardiovascular and all other causes of death, regular participation in exercise promotes mobility and functional independence in adults. A fall is an event in which a participant without their own intention comes to a lying position on the ground or at a lower level. Regardless of the health status of the individual, falls are associated with insufficient movement, reduced opportunities to perform daily activities (dressing, bathing, housework, ...) and the risk of being admitted to institutions where the care of dependent persons is taken. Arthritis, depression, cognitive impairment, vision, problems with balance and unbalanced gait, decreased muscle mass, as well as excessive use of medication increase the risk of falling. The total volume and type of physical activity needed by the elderly is not very well defined. However, it can be concluded that the combination of physical activity (strength training, endurance training, exercises for the development of balance and mobility, ...) and adequate nutrition (sufficient intake of essential amino acids/protein sources) is of crucial importance for preserving physical condition, motor skills and the health status of persons of the third age, and thus also in the prevention of falls. The aim of this study is to describe and find the best training programs for the prevention of falls in the elderly.

PCR161 Being Active Is Not Enough – Combination of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep Characteristic Shows More Positive Effect on Infertility Related Quality of Life in Women Undergoing Art

The relationship between the adherence to 24-hour movement behaviour (24-HMB) and mental-health-related outcomes are well known in general adult population. The current study investigates, whether physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep characteristics (SC) prior to the assisted reproductive treatments associated with infertility related quality of life in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments.

Interactive Associations between Physical Activity and Sleep Duration in Relation to Adolescent Academic Achievement

The present study aimed to examine independent and interactive associations between physical activity and sleep duration with adolescent academic achievement. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 cycle of the US-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. A total of 13,677 American adolescents in grades 9 through 12 (MAGE = 16.06 ± 1.24 years; 50.9% female) self-reported their sleep and physical activity behavior as well as their grades. Linear regression models fit with cubic splines were computed to capture potential non-linear associations. Findings for the independent effect models revealed significant curvilinear relationships between physical activity and sleep with academic achievement wherein optimal grades were associated with 7-9 h/night of sleep and 5-7 days/week of physical activity. A significant physical activity by sleep interaction was also observed for academic achievement, which demonstrated that the association between sleep duration and academic achievement is not uniform across levels of physical activity engagement, and tradeoffs may exist. Overall, the results help to identify different combinations of physical activity and sleep behavior associated with optimal academic achievement and suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to physical activity and sleep recommendations may not be adequate for promoting academic achievement during adolescence.

Abstract 15263: Trends and Clustering in Cardiovascular Health Metrics by Race and Ethnicity Among US Adults, 2011-2020

Introduction: Nationally representative data evaluating recent trends and clustering in cardiovascular health metrics by race and ethnicity are sparse. Methods: We evaluated 10-year trends and clustering in cardiovascular health metrics in 10,300 individuals who attended the morning fasting examination, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2011 to 2020. We assessed the time trends of the mean score of the 7 cardiovascular health metrics by race and ethnicity. Then we ranked the top 10 mutually exclusive phenotypes of the 7 cardiovascular health metrics for each race and ethnicity. Results: Among participants, the mean age was 48.3 (SD, 4.2) years; 52% were female; 6.3%, 71.3%, 12.7%, and 9.7% were Asian, White, Black, and Hispanic. From 2011 to 2020, the total cardiovascular health score decreased significantly for Asian individuals (P=0.005) but did not change significantly for Black, Hispanic, and White individuals (P>0.05 for all). The mean scores for individual cardiovascular health metrics did not change by racial/ethnic subgroups, except for a decrease in mean body mass index (BMI) score in Asian individuals, an increase in mean total cholesterol score in Black individuals, a decrease in mean fasting glucose score in Asian, Hispanic, and White individuals. Among all the individuals, healthy diet and the combination of healthy diet and physical activity were the two most prevalent phenotypes, followed by several different combinations of physical activity, BMI, healthy diet, and smoking. Conclusions: Temporal trends suggest an overall unchanged mean total cardiovascular health score for Black, Hispanic, and White individuals and a decreased score for Asian individuals. There were persistent racial/ethnic disparities in the individual cardiovascular health metrics and phenotypes. Across all racial/ethnic subgroups, large opportunities exist for improvements.

Implementation of active injury management (AIM) in youth with acute concussion: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundNearly 2 million youth seek acute medical care following concussion in the U.S. each year. Current standard of care recommends rest for the first 48 h after a concussion. However, research suggests that prolonged rest may lengthen recovery time especially for patients with certain risk profiles. Research indicates that physical activity and behavioral management interventions (sleep, stress management) may enhance recovery. To date, there is limited empirical evidence to inform acute (<72 h) concussion recommendations for physical activity and behavioral management in adolescents. ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of physical activity and behavioral management for acute concussion in adolescents and young adults, and to evaluate the role of patient characteristics on treatment response. MethodsThis multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial will determine which combination of physical activity and behavioral management is most effective for patients 11–24 years old who present to the emergency department or concussion clinic within 72 h of injury. Participants are randomized into: 1) rest, 2) physical activity, 3) mobile health application (mHealth) behavioral management, or 4) physical activity and mHealth app conditions. Assessments at enrollment, 3–5 days, 14 days, 1 month, and 2 months include: concussion symptoms, balance, vestibular-ocular and cognitive assessments, quality of life, and recovery time. Somatic symptoms and other risk factors are evaluated at enrollment. Compliance with treatment and symptoms are assessed daily using actigraph and daily self-report. The primary study outcome is symptoms at 14 days. ConclusionPrescribed physical activity and behavioral management may improve outcomes in youth following acute concussion.

Combination of physical activity and screen time on life satisfaction in adults: A cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundSufficient physical activity (PA) and limited screen time (ST) have been shown to be positively associated with a variety of mental health outcomes. It has been known that PA and ST are independently associated with life satisfaction. Whereas, little is known about the association between combinations of PA and ST with life satisfaction in adults. This study aimed to explore the associations between PA and ST (in insolation or combination) and life satisfaction in adults.MethodsData from the 2014 European Social Survey (ESS) round 7 consisting of 22 countries were analyzed in this study. In total, self-reported data from 40,185 adults were included in the final analysis. The self-administered method was used to collect demographic information, PA, ST, and life satisfaction. The prevalence of meeting PA guidelines (at least 150 min per week) and ST guidelines (no more than 3 h per day) was calculated according to Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines for Adults.ResultsAdults who were engaged in sufficient PA and limited ST were more likely to report a higher level of life satisfaction. Meeting PA or ST guidelines was more likely to report higher life satisfaction scores [odds ratio (OR) = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.16–1.47]. Compared with not meeting any guidelines, those who met both PA and ST guidelines had a higher OR (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.37–1.76).ConclusionThis study found that participating PA while limiting ST concurrently was linked with better life satisfaction. Creating an active lifestyle is important to population’s well-being.

The Degree of Meeting the Needs of Older People with Frailty Syndrome in the Residential Environment in Relation to Interventions-Experimental Study.

The study aimed to determine the degree of satisfaction with health, psychological, environmental, and social needs and to determine the effects of a nutritional intervention, physical activity, and comprehensive activity (nutritional intervention plus physical activity) on the degree of satisfaction of the needs of older people with frailty syndrome (FS). The study included 188 residents (140 women and 48 men) and was conducted using the Fried scale and Camberwell’s modified brief needs assessment. In addition, data were collected on age, sex, educational level, type of the previous occupation, marital status, remaining in a relationship, co-residents, place of residence, work status, financial situation, and help with housework. Intervention groups were formed: G1-diet, G2-physical activity, G3-comprehensive therapy, and G4-control. Stage 1 (T1)-3 months after the first examination, stage 2 (T2)-after another three months, the measurements from stage 0. In all groups, the majority were women, respondents with a low or medium level of education in relationships. The degree of need satisfaction in groups G2, G3, and G4 depended on the measurement time (p = 0.019, p = 0.007, p = 0.016). The introduction of physical activity and physical activity in combination with dietary changes most effectively influenced the increase in the level of need satisfaction in elderly patients with frailty.

Associations between meeting the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines and physical, cognitive, social-emotional, and overall development in early childhood

BackgroundThe importance of all movement behaviours (i.e., sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity) for children's health has led to the creation of national and international 24-h movement behaviour guidelines for children. Few studies have examined the associations between guideline adherence and a broad array of health indicators in early childhood, and no study has done so with composite development scores for overall development. The objective of the present study was to examine associations for 24-h movement guideline adherence with physical, cognitive, social-emotional, and overall development indicators in a sample of 3–5-year-olds.MethodsChildren (n = 95) were recruited for this cross-sectional study in Edmonton, Canada. Sleep, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity were measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Screen time was measured via parental-report. Guideline recommendation adherence was categorized using the Canadian 24-h Movement Guidelines. Composite z-scores were created for physical (i.e., adiposity, growth, motor skills), cognitive (i.e., vocabulary, executive functions), social-emotional (i.e., self-regulation, social-emotional behaviours), and overall development. Linear regression models were conducted to examine associations between meeting different recommendation combinations (e.g., physical activity alone, combination of physical activity and sleep), and number of recommendations met (e.g., meeting only one of any of the recommendations) with each composite development outcome variable adjusted for relevant covariates.ResultsMost children were 3–4 years old (77%) and males (69%). The physical activity guideline recommendation was the most frequently met single recommendation (94%), while the physical activity and sleep recommendations (80%) were the most frequently met combination of two recommendations. Further, 43% of children met all three recommendations. Meeting the sleep recommendation was positively associated with overall development (B: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.08–0.50), while meeting both the sleep and physical activity recommendations was positively associated with overall (B: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10–0.46) and physical (B: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.03–0.51) development.ConclusionsMeeting sleep recommendations alone, as well as the combination of sleep and physical activity recommendations were associated with better physical and overall development in this sample. Future research should continue to examine a broad array of development outcomes using longitudinal study designs across early childhood.