Combination Of Photo Research Articles

SERS-Based Microfluidic Bioscreening Platform for Selective Detection of β-Amyloid Peptides.

This study reports development of a microfluidic device for highly sensitive and selective detection of a β-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-42) in simulated cerebrospinal fluid, using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The device ensemble comprises a purine ligand (Pu) and its interaction with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to generate SERS hotspots. The low surface energy of the synthesized Pu ligand and high surface energy of AgNPs are utilized for the functionalization and formation of a Pu-AgNP SERS substrate. We have integrated a novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device with Pu-AgNPs using a combination of photo- and soft lithography fabrication, sealed by thermal cross-linking with another layer of PDMS, to produce an effective screening platform for Aβ1-42. The SERS spectrum from the microfluidic device affords almost noise-free measurements, with excellent limit-of-detection values.

One-pot chemo- and photo-enzymatic linear cascade processes.

The combination of chemo- and photocatalyses with biocatalysis, which couples the flexible reactivity of the photo- and chemocatalysts with the highly selective and environmentally friendly nature of enzymes in one-pot linear cascades, represents a powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, the combination of photo-, chemo- and biocatalysts in one-pot is challenging because the optimal operating conditions of the involved catalyst types may be rather different, and the different stabilities of catalysts and their mutual deactivation are additional problems often encountered in one-pot cascade processes. This review explores a large number of transformations and approaches adopted for combining enzymes and chemo- and photocatalytic processes in a successful way to achieve valuable chemicals and valorisation of biomass. Moreover, the strategies for solving incompatibility issues in chemo-enzymatic reactions are analysed, introducing recent examples of the application of non-conventional solvents, enzyme-metal hybrid catalysts, and spatial compartmentalization strategies to implement chemo-enzymatic cascade processes.

What do you do or with whom? Understanding happiness with the tourism experience: an AI approach applied to Instagram

More and more tourists are sharing their experiences on their social media through a combination of photos, texts, and hashtags. But there is a scarcity of studies in literature on analyzing tourists’ visual content in relation to tourism destinations. To address this gap in literature, this study explores how and with whom users express the greatest happiness in holiday destinations, and how they share it with their community, through a mixed methods approach composed of analysis of images, text, and metadata. This approach allows us to address the objective of this research, which is the prediction of the happiness felt by tourists during their experience, using innovative techniques that allow the independent variables to be obtained. To predict tourist satisfaction, two sources of data, photos and texts, are analyzed: a novel approach and little explored in the literature, but necessary due to the interaction of both variables. This study applies various artificial intelligence analyses on visual content (deep learning), and textual and metadata content (machine learning) to 39,235 Instagram posts shared by tourists since the emergence of Instagram thirteen years ago, at a cultural and gastronomic tourist destination. The findings of the visual content analysis showed that socialization and company, that is, traveling and interacting with people, was a key aspect of a positive tourism experience. In addition, the gender of the people with whom they traveled, and the tourist’s narcissism were also key aspects in the generation and expression of positive emotions. Regarding the analysis of the textual content, the results showed that when tourists enjoyed a positive experience, they became more involved in the generation of content, that is, they showed their happiness through positive words.

Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Aminoalkylation of Amino-Pendant Olefins.

The combination of photo and copper catalysts has emerged as a novel paradigm in organic catalysis, which provides access to the acceleration of chemical synthesis. Herein, we describe an aminoalkylation of amino-dependent olefins with maleimides through a cooperative photo/copper catalytic system. In this report, the strategy allows the generation of a broad complex of functionalized nitrogenous molecules including oxazolidinones, 2-pyrrolidones, imidazolidinones, thiazolidinones, pyridines, and piperidines in the absence of an external photosensitizer and base. The approach is achieved through a photoinduced Cu(I)/Cu(II)/Cu(III) complex species of nitrogen nucleophiles, intermolecular radical addition, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes. The plausible mechanism is investigated by a series of control experiments and theoretical tests, including radical scavenging experiments, deuterium labeling experiments, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests.

Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies.

Photoredox catalysis (PRC) is a cutting-edge frontier for single electron-transfer (SET) reactions, enabling the generation of reactive intermediates for both oxidative and reductive processes via photon activation of a catalyst. Although this represents a significant step towards chemoselective and, more generally, sustainable chemistry, its efficacy is limited by the energy of visible light photons. Nowadays, excellent alternative conditions are available to overcome these limitations, harvesting two different but correlated concepts: the use of multi-photon processes such as consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) and the combination of photo- and electrochemistry in synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC). Herein, we review the most recent contributions to these fields in both oxidative and reductive activations of organic functional groups. New opportunities for organic chemists are captured, such as selective reactions employing super-oxidants and super-reductants to engage unactivated chemical feedstocks, and scalability up to gram scales in continuous flow. This review provides comparisons between the two techniques (multi-photon photoredox catalysis and PEC) to help the reader to fully understand their similarities, differences and potential applications and to therefore choose which method is the most appropriate for a given reaction, scale and purpose of a project.

Photocatalytic Metal Hydride Hydrogen Atom Transfer Mediated Allene Functionalization by Cobalt and Titanium Dual Catalysis

AbstractCatalytic metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) reactions have proven to be a powerful method for alkene functionalization. This work reports the discovery of Co‐porphines as highly efficient MHAT catalysts with a loading of only 0.01 mol % for unprecedented chemoselective allene functionalization under photoirradiation. Moreover, the newly developed bimetallic strategy by the combination of photo Co‐MHAT and Ti catalysis enabled the successful carbonyl allylation with a wide range of amino, oxy, thio, aryl, and alkyl‐allenes providing expedient access to valuable β‐functionalized homoallylic alcohols in over 100 examples with exceptional regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Mechanism studies and DFT calculations supported that selectively transferring hydrogen atoms from cobalt hydride to allenes and generating allyl radicals is the key step in the catalytic cycle.

Light-driven bioprocesses

Abstract Enzyme catalysis and photocatalysis are two research areas that have become of major interest in organic synthesis. This is mainly because both represent attractive strategies for making chemical synthesis more efficient and sustainable. Because enzyme catalysis offers several inherent advantages, such as high substrate specificity, regio-, and stereoselectivity, and activity under environmentally benign reaction conditions, biocatalysts are increasingly being adopted by the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In addition, photocatalysis has proven to be a powerful approach for accessing unique reactivities upon light irradiation and performing reactions with an extended substrate range under milder conditions compared to light-independent alternatives. It is therefore not surprising that bio- and photocatalytic approaches are now often combined to exploit the exquisite selectivity of enzymes and the unique chemical transformations accessible to photocatalysis. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the wide variety of light-driven bioprocesses, ranging from photochemical delivery of reducing equivalents to redox enzymes, photochemical cofactor regeneration, to direct photoactivation of enzymes. We also highlight the possibility of catalyzing non-natural reactions via photoinduced enzyme promiscuity and the combination of photo- and biocatalytic reactions used to create new synthetic methodologies.

Confined. designed. but credited?

confined. designed. but credited? was created to illustrate the history, or lack thereof, of women in the graphic design profession. This zine explores the contributions of 10 key women to the field of graphic design. Analyzing and comparing the texts The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir, and Alms for Oblivion by Ellen Mazur Thomson brings attention to the disparities and struggles of career women. Beauvoir’s comment on existentialism focuses on navigating individualistic thinking with the tension between free will and societal constraints. Despite oppression and sexism, multiple women achieved professional status as graphic designers. However, women were forced into more “feminine” specialties at design schools such as the Bauhaus and/or were “lost” to history because, according to Thomson, they were not credited for their work. In addition, exploring the primary and secondary sources questions the definition of design itself and why the lack of clarity has made it difficult to identify women designers. Delivering this research in the form of a zine salutes one of the ways feminists communicate their views. The combination of photos, hand-drawn illustrations, and digitally rendered shapes & textures help point to the main ideas of each article. Overall, the zine captures key concepts of limitations within a male-dominated world, as well as the capacity, competence, and innovation of women in design. Created for the Feminist Theories and Foundations course (GEND219) and informed by my program, Bachelor of Design.

Combination of photos, definitions, and fill-in-the-blank tasks in Quizlet: a concern about learning academic vocabulary in online listening classes

The role of vocabulary has been proven to be crucial in learning both receptive and productive skills. However, in terms of listening skills, students may face enormous challenges in comprehending the content of a listening passage and, therefore, fail to take notes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using Quizlet more creatively in the vocabulary section of online academic listening classes. Participants were 62 intermediate-level students from two online academic listening classes, divided into a control and an experimental group. While students in the control group did the tasks in their books or handouts from the teacher, those in the experimental group used Quizlet for eight weeks. A mixed method with t-tests and questionnaires was applied in this research. Results from t-tests revealed that students in the experimental group had better performance in remembering the definition of vocabulary they had learned and using correct vocabulary to fill in the blanks in sentences. Findings in questionnaires supported the improvement in the post-test that the students in the experimental group showed a high level of concentration, engagement, and excitement in class. The study's outcome sheds light on further research on using Quizlet in EFL classrooms.

Computer Technologies Application in Solving Visual Objects in Advertising

The purpose of the work is to reveal the peculiarities of computer technologies application in solving visual objects in advertising. The research methodology consists in the application of a number of approaches: analytical to understand the literature on the topic of the article; interdisciplinary – to comprehensively study factual material and acquire new knowledge; systematic with the use of a whole range of methods (biographical, semiotic, cultural, hermeneutic, historical, and theoretical generalisation) – to comprehend the stated purpose of the research. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the interrelationship between the use of computer technologies and the visualisation of advertising is systematically studied. Conclusions. The publication proves the statement: the functional role of linguistic means of influence in advertising texts is determined by the communicative and appellative functions of language, which are basic to the advertising text. It was revealed that the combination of photo, audio, and video materials in one advertising multimedia content is carried out within the framework of convergent advertising. It has been established that there is a tendency for real and virtual environments to converge, while the very principle of interaction is changing, which is increasingly based on the materialisation of visual images with the help of which the user controls the virtual environment, the development of human-computer interfaces acquires great importance. Technologies based on 3D-stereovisualisation are gaining more and more development. Editorial and publishing preparation of advertising materials and publications includes the entire process of preparing an advertising message, starting with the definition of goals and objectives and ending with the production of a material medium intended for distribution. The content of this process: technological stages, composition of performers, legal and economic relations between the customer and the performer depend on the type of advertising material and the channel of its distribution (newspaper, postcard, booklet, and others). Key words: design, designer, advertising, computer technologies, visual objects, art and decorative means, design, visual and plastic language.

Use of visuals in sustainability reporting by New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX) listed companies: an impression management perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the use of visuals in communicating symbolic sustainability information by the New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX) listed companies through their standalone sustainability reports.Design/methodology/approachUsing the impression management theoretical framework and Barthes' conceptions of denotation and connotation, the study seeks to examine the way visuals, such as photos, tables and figures, are used to convey symbolic sustainability messages and information. The content analysis method was used to analyse 1,064 visuals from 20 New Zealand Stock Exchange listed companies' standalone sustainability reports for 2017.FindingsThe authors observe variations in the use of visuals to convey messages about sustainability and the appeal of these visuals to readers in the process of creating a symbolic sustainability message. While photos focus on emotions as their main method of impression management, tables and figures focus on the logical link between readers and a positive sustainability message.Research limitations/implicationsThe study adds to the impression management theory work that companies use a combination of photos, tables and figures in communicating symbolic positive sustainability messages. The insights inform the corporate culture of the use of visuals and the effect of future reporting practices regarding sustainability information in New Zealand and globally.Originality/valueUnlike other studies on sustainability reporting, we contend that a company uses a combination of visuals to create impressions that include not only positive but also negative and neutral sustainability messages.

Android-based English education application

<p>Current technological developments continue to be rapid and science continues to advance, requiring guidance as an educational medium. Learning education will be easier to teach to elementary school children. Educational content is highly preferred by android users. Learning media always face developments along with rapid technological developments. The MDLC method is a suitable method for designing and improving a media application which is a combination of photo, sound, video, animation and other media. The MDLC method has six stages as follows: Concept, Design, Material Collecting, Assembly, Testing and Distribution. Android-based educational applications can only be used by Android-based mobile phones. And to learn educational applications as an Android-based learning media is easier, more practical, and efficient. It is hoped that educational applications as learning media for elementary school children can help in mastering and pursuing each of the subjects contained.</p>

Photolysis by UVA-visible light and thermal degradation of TNT in aqueous solutions according to aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization mass spectrometry

The mechanism of photolytic degradation of 2-4-6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in an aqueous solution (initial concentration 102 mg L−1) by UVA-visible light (>320 nm) was investigated by aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization mass spectrometry. For photolysis, a DRK-120 mercury-quartz lamp was used. The final and intermediate products of the photolysis reaction were compared with known products of TNT transformation in the environment. The first step in the photolysis process under our conditions was found to be the association of TNT molecules into a fairly stable dimer. The TNT dimer formation proceed through the formation of a Meisenheimer complex. Thermal degradation of the TNT dimer in microdroplets within a heated capillary used as a flow reactor was studied next. It was shown that the degradation of the TNT dimer in microdroplets occurs very quickly (2.1 ms) at heating (up to 200–250 °C). Of course, heating an aqueous aerosol requires energy, but the transformation of TNT can be controlled using a combination of photo- and thermal treatments. We hope that these results will help to reduce the toxicity of TNT contaminants and remove nitroaromatic compounds from water at ambient conditions. In this work, the TNT dimer formed at the first stage is transformed with the loss of NO2 fragments or water. In addition, further polymerization of TNT is observed.

583 Photos of Burn Wounds Can Help Reduce Over-Triage and Prevent Unnecessary Ambulance Transfer

IntroductionBurn wounds can be difficult to assess for providers outside the burn center and can result in over triage. The combination of photos of burn wounds with a clinical history can help burn practitioners make appropriate triage decisions, including immediate ambulance transfer vs scheduling an outpatient follow up appointment. Appropriate photo triage can help reduce healthcare costs by eliminating both unnecessary transfers to the burn center and overburdening burn resources. This performance improvement project involved the development of a secure photo sharing web portal and photo triage clinical pathway to help burn practitioners appropriately triage burn patients being evaluated at health care facilities within the catchment area of an American Burn Association verified adult and pediatric burn center.MethodsExisting technology was used to develop a burn photo sharing web portal that can be easily accessed by providers outside the burn center. A new clinical pathway for burn photo triage was developed. Education was formulated for nurses and providers within the burn center and for referring facilities. Retrospective data was collected for the 4 years of ambulance transfers captured in the outpatient burn registry prior to the implementation of the photo triage clinical pathway. Comparison data was also abstracted for the first year after implementation. Patients were categorized as over triaged or appropriately triage based on the first set of photos captured in the EMR.ResultsIn the pre-triage years there were a total of 242 ambulance transfers to the outpatient burn clinic. 150 (62%) of those patients were appropriately triaged, while 92 (38%) were over triaged. In the year following implementation there were 27 ambulance transfers to the outpatient burn clinic. 25 (92.6%) of these patients were appropriately triaged while 2 (7.4%) were over triaged. Overall ambulance transfers to the outpatient burn clinic dropped by more than 50% (average of 60.5 transfer per year down to 27 after implementation).ConclusionsPatients with burn injuries at referring facilities were more appropriately triaged when using photos of wounds which ultimately reduced the number of unnecessary ambulance transfers.

Charge trapping processes in hydrothermally grown Er-doped ZnO

Influence of X-ray irradiation on luminescence properties and defects creation was studied in the erbium doped hydrothermally grown ZnO by using the combination of photo- and radioluminescence (PL and RL), thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The photoluminescence properties of the ZnO:Er appeared affected by the X-ray irradiation – the intensity of the zinc vacancy-related red band and exciton-related ultraviolet band were weakened. The irradiation also evoked charge trapping and new centers creation whose type and number depended on Er doping. The X-ray induced defects were oxygen-based hole and electron trapping centers, O− and O2−, respectively. The X-ray irradiation had also influence on shallow donors in the bulk and at the surface of the ZnO nano- and microrods. TSL glow curves consisted of one broad peak with the maximum at about 110 K, its intensity was varying with the changing Er content. The glow peak was correlated with the thermal destruction of the unstable O2− electron trapping centers. Zinc vacancies-based defects participated in the thermally stimulated luminescence as recombination centers for the electrons released from the O2−.

Safety and efficacy of bexarotene for Japanese patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Real-world experience from post-marketing surveillance.

To establish real-world evidence about the safety and efficacy of bexarotene for Japanese patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, we conducted a nationwide cohort study using data from post-marketing surveillance for bexarotene treatment. In total, 294 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma were identified between June 2016 and June 2018. Of these, 267 patients were included as the safety analysis set. Of the 267 patients, 175 were included in the efficacy analysis set. Of these, 139 patients had mycosis fungoides, including 46 with early stage disease and 93 with advanced stage disease. Among the 139 patients with mycosis fungoides, the objective response rate was 46.8%. A significant difference in objective response rate was detected between patients who started with bexarotene at 300mg/m2 (61.6%) and patients who started with bexarotene at less than 300mg/m2 (22.6%, p<0.001). Of the 139 patients with mycosis fungoides, 92 were treated with a combination of bexarotene plus photo(chemo)therapy. A significant difference in objective response rate was seen between bexarotene with a combination of photo(chemo)therapy (57.6%) and bexarotene without a combination of photo(chemo)therapy (25.5%, p<0.001). Starting bexarotene at 300mg/m2 and combination with photo(chemo)therapy were detected as independent factors influencing response. Common treatment-related adverse events included hypothyroidism (85.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (68.5%), hypercholesterolemia (43.8%), and neutropenia (21.3%). Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and neutropenia occurred more frequently in patients who started with bexarotene at 300mg/m2 than patients who started with bexarotene at less than 300mg/m2 (hypertriglyceridemia, 76.4% vs. 57.0%, p=0.001; hypercholesterolemia, 49.0% vs. 36.4%, p=0.045; neutropenia, 28.0% vs. 12.1%, p=0.002; respectively). The present study indicates that starting bexarotene at 300mg/m2 and combination of photo(chemo)therapy offer a promising efficacy for the treatment of patients with mycosis fungoides. Efficacy of low-dose bexarotene plus photo(chemo)therapy should be evaluated in future.

Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry.

Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.

Versatile fabrication method for multiscale hierarchical structured polymer masters using a combination of photo- and nanoimprint lithography

We present a versatile and scalable method for the preparation of microfluidic channels with incorporated nano patterns. Since our approach is highly industrial driven, all used methods and materials are available in common micro-fabrication environment and are available in large quantities, respectively. In comparison to other fabrication methods capable of realizing multi-level patterns, we combine nanoimprint lithography with standard photolithography, and thereby overcome the problems of limited pattern dimensions as well as fabrication time, pathing the way for a new class of microfluidic devices. • High aspect ratio (AR = 11) fabrication of polymer masters using negative photoresists • Combinatorial approach for the fabrication of 2.5D scaffolds with micron and nano pattern • Combination of nanoimprint lithography and photolithography for fast prototyping • Optimized replication via soft-UV NIL using highly compatible resists and stamp materials

Photocatalytic Reductive Radical-Polar Crossover for a Base-Free Corey-Seebach Reaction.

A metal‐free generation of carbanion nucleophiles is of prime importance in organic synthesis. Herein we report a photocatalytic approach to the Corey–Seebach reaction. The presented method operates under mild redox‐neutral and base‐free conditions giving the desired product with high functional group tolerance. The reaction is enabled by the combination of photo‐ and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis. This catalytic merger allows a C−H to carbanion activation by the abstraction of a hydrogen atom followed by radical reduction. The generated nucleophilic intermediate is then capable of adding to carbonyl electrophiles. The obtained dithiane can be easily converted to the valuable α‐hydroxy carbonyl in a subsequent step. The proposed reaction mechanism is supported by emission quenching, radical–radical homocoupling and deuterium labeling studies as well as by calculated redox‐potentials and bond strengths.

Large-Area Arrays of Quasi-3D Au Nanostructures for Polarization-Selective Mid-Infrared Metasurfaces

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional patterns that are used to manipulate the propagation of light by controlling the resultant transmittance, reflectance, or absorption at specific wavelengths. Metasurfaces are typically composed of metallic or dielectric components arranged in single or multiple layers and with sizes significantly less than the wavelength of incident light. While considerable advances have been made in the design of these surfaces, there are significant challenges with high-throughput parallel fabrication over large areas which limits their applicability. Here, we demonstrate the design and characterization of mid-IR metasurfaces fabricated using a combination of photo and nanoimprint lithography (NIL). We fabricate arrays over millimeter scales with a variety of 3D nanoscale designs including asymmetric disjointed shapes and symmetric accordion-like shapes with widths of 400–600 nm, thicknesses of 30–50 nm, and lengths of 5–6 μm. We characterize the mid-IR optical response of these metasurfaces in reflection using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy, and simulate the spectral response using finite element method (FEM) calculations with good agreement between simulations and experiments. Also, we demonstrate that the metasurfaces exhibit characteristic and significantly different plasmonic resonance modes based on the polarization of the incoming light. Our large-area fabrication methodology allows cost-effective manufacturing of large-area metasurfaces with 3D micro- and nanoelements for scalable photonic and plasmonic devices with significant tunability in geometry and optical characteristics.