Combination Of NPK Fertilizer Research Articles

Long-term different fertilization practices restructured the functional carbon pools in a paddy soil through distinct mechanisms

Fertilization is a common management practice for improving soil organic matter (SOM), which is a crucial indicator of soil fertility. Nevertheless, how long-term fertilization affects functional SOM fractions and its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a 12-year field experiment, initiated in 2011, was conducted in Xinzhu village, Zhejiang province, China. Four different fertilizer treatments (without any fertilizers application, Control; sole application of inorganic fertilizers, NPK; combined application of NPK with cattle manure, NPKM; and combination of NPK fertilizers and return of rice straw, NPKS) were selected in this field trial. Functional carbon (C) pools, microbial community structure and SOM composition in both topsoil (0−15 cm) and subsoil (15−30 cm) were explored using the physical and chemical fractionation, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis and solid-state 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (13C NMR) assays. Compared to the control, the NPK combined with organic amendments had significantly higher organic carbon contents of unprotected pools (cPOM and fPOM) in both topsoil (39−277 %) and subsoil (43.1−91.3 %), respectively. Organic carbon accumulated the most within iPOM (1.99 g kg−1 soil) and H-d(Silt+Clay) fractions (1.41 g kg−1 soil) under NPKM in the topsoil, suggesting that physical and chemical protection played the pivotal role after manure addition. Furthermore, NPKM increased the abundance of bacterial and fungal PLFAs in both topsoil (31.4 % and 24.5 %) and subsoil (173 % and 175 %), while NPKS elevated the alkyl/O-alkyl C ratio but reduced the aromaticity in topsoil, compared to inorganic fertilization alone. Partial least squares path modelling showed that fertilization had a direct impact on silt+clay associated C (0.6) in topsoil, POM-C (0.76) in subsoil, and microbial community structure (0.88 and 0.87) in both soil layers. Redundancy analysis revealed that in the NPKM treatment, the key factors affecting functional carbon pools were the total PLFA and the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacterial PLFA, while for the NPKS treatment, it was the alkyl C/O-alkyl C ratio. In conclusion, long-term fertilization had a strong effect on functional carbon fractions through multiple mechanisms in different soil layers, involving changing microbial community and SOM composition.

Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Pagoda (Brassica narinosa L.) dengan Pemberian Pupuk NPK dan Pupuk Cair dari Limbah Organik

Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers results in problems with soil quality. One solution to reduce this problem is the use of a combination of inorganic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste. This research aims to obtain a combination of NPK fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste that has the best effect on the growth of pagoda mustard plants. The research method used was the single-factor randomized group design (RAK) experimental method. The factors tested were a combination of NPK fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste with 8 treatments, namely A (300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 0 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), B (0 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 200 ml/ l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), C (200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 100 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), D (200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 200 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), E ( 200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 300 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), F (100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 100 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), G (100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 200 ml/ l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), H (100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 300 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste). Consisting of 8 treatments and 5 replications. The results of the analysis of variance and DMRT level of 5% showed that the combination of NPK fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste had no significant effect on plant height or root length. Keywords: Pagoda mustard greens, NPK fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, organic waste

Native Liquid Biofertilizer Consortia of Staphylococcus equorum, Bacillus velezensis and Staphylococcus epidermidis Enhanced the Growth of Nutmeg Seedlings

Aims: The aim was to evaluate the three most distinct native liquid biofertilizer consortia on the growth of nutmeg seedlings under pot culture studies. Study Design: Completely Randomized Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala and Block 10, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ambalavayal, Wayanad, Kerala. The pot culture experiment was conducted from February 2023 to August 2023. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replications along with control. Each treatment was applied with a combination of NPK fertilizers (50% and 75% of recommended dose of fertilizer, based on soil test data). One treatment was composed of only organic fertilizers. Results: The biofertilizer inoculation had a positive impact on the population of soil microbes, which indicates good soil health. Application of Staphylococcus equorum + Bacillus velezensis + Staphylococcus epidermidis (consortium – 2) along with 50% of the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers, recorded the highest plant growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, and maximum number of secondary roots. In most of the treatments, nutmeg shoot growth was higher when compared to root growth. Conclusion: The present study indicated that inoculation of native liquid biofertilizer consortia enhanced the growth of nutmeg seedlings under pot culture studies in Wayanad. Hence liquid biofertilizer consortia can be utilized for earlier establishment of nutmeg seedlings and thereby reduce the dependency on the quantity of chemical fertilizers.

Impact of Different Nutrient Management Strategies for Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium Uptake and Availability in Chilli (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.)

A field investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, CSKHPKV, Bajaura (Kullu), Himachal Pradesh during kharif, 2022. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications comprising 12 treatment combinations of NPK fertilizers, biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB), organic and natural farming on chilli variety ‘Him Palam Mirch-2’. Different nutrient management practices significantly influenced NPK uptake and soil available N, P and K. The results revealed that treatment combination of 100% NPK + 10t vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB recorded significantly the N (1.260%), P (0.156%) and K (1.387%) content in chilli stalk, N (1.870%), P (0.447%) and K (0.865%) content in chilli fruit, total uptake of N (132.34 kg ha-1), P (26.32 kg ha-1) and K (90.60 kg ha-1) by chilli crop. At the end of the experiment, treatment combination of 100% NPK + 10t vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB recorded maximum available N in the soil while maximum P and K was recorded in treatment combination of 100% NPK + 10t vermicompost + PSB. Natural farming practice recorded lowest soil available N, P, nutrient content and uptake while organic farming practice recorded lowest value of soil available. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combined application of NPK fertilizers and organic inputs coupled with biofertilizers proved the best for NPK uptake and soil available N, P and K.

Effect of NPK combinations on some growth and yield indicators of two varieties of roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

A field experiment was carried out during the 2022 agricultural season in one of the experimental fields affiliated with Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational Preparatory School, located in Karbala Governorate, to study the effect of NPK combinations on the growth and yield traits of two varieties of Roselle plant. The experiment was carried out in with three replicates, according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor included combinations of NPK fertilizers and according to the as follows: C0= 0 NPK kg ha-1, C1= 50,25,25 NPK kg ha-1, C2 = 75,50,50 NPK kg ha-1, C3 =100,75,75 NPK kg ha-1, C4 = 125,100,100 NPK kg ha-1, C5 = 150,125,125 NPK kg ha-1, C6 = 175,150,150 NPK kg ha-1. The second factor was two varieties of Roselle plants: white (W) and red (R). The results showed that the red variety excelled in most of the studied traits, such as growth traits, plant height 173.27 cm, leaves number 295.65 leaf plant-1, leaf area 3.48 m2,total chlorophyll content in leaves 6.61 mg g-1, fresh weight 2188.57 g plant-1, yield characteristics, number of nuts 137.65 nut plant-1, total nut yield 6298. 44 kg ha-1 and total yield of calyx leaves 1558.01 kg ha-1. C5 and C6 combinations were superior in plant height (189.05 and 195.05 cm), leaves number (331.0 and 348.0 leaf plant-1), chlorophyll a ( 6.10 and 6.45 mg g-1), chlorophyll b( 4.23, and 4.72 mg g-1 , Total chlorophyll(10.36 and 10.96 mg g-1), number of nuts (141.90 and 143.30 nut plant-1), total nut yield (6815.82 and 7090.42 kg ha-1), total yield of calyx leaves(1769.68 and 1967.81 kg ha-1 and fresh weight (2845and 2969 g plant-1) respectively. The C6 treatment was significantly superior to the C5 treatment in the characteristics of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, fresh weight, total nut yield, and total yield of calyx leaves.

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer of Goat Urine and NPK on the Growth of Long Bean Plant (Vigna sinensis L.)

One of the most popular vegetables is the long bean (Vigna sinensis L.). Due to the presence of Rhizobium bacteria nodules in its roots, long bean plants are considered soil enrichers. Liquid organic fertilizer from goat urine is highly soluble in soil and contains essential nutrients crucial for soil fertility. This study aims to ascertain the best fertilizer dose for plant development as well as the effects of goat urine organic fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and their combination on the growth of long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.). A completely randomized design was used to perform the study as an experiment (CRD). With the aid of SPSS for Windows 25, two-way ANOVA was used for data analysis. Post hoc analyses were performed using DMRT and were allowed if the p-value (sig) was less than 0.05 or if the computed F value was greater than the tabular F value. The combination of goat urine organic fertilizer (POC) and NPK fertilizer did not substantially alter the development of long bean plants, according to the findings of the ANOVA study on the plant height parameter. Significant variations were seen, nonetheless, for other metrics as chlorophyll content, wet and dry weights, leaf area, and number of leaves. At the 5% significance level, the impact of treatments on plant height metrics showed that either the alternative hypothesis, H1, or the null hypothesis, H0, was accepted. Thus, it can be said that there is a strong interaction between the growth of long bean plants and the combination of NPK fertilizer and goat urine organic fertilizer (POC).

Nutrient management of shallot (Allium cepa Aggregatum group) in Riau peatlands, a pot experiment

Peatland degradation might affect peatland functions. Sustainable agriculture practice, i.e., nutrient management, is one of the efforts that could be made to delay the degradation. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the best nutrient management practice for shallot production in degraded peatlands. A split-plot experimental design was performed in a greenhouse environment, with cultivars (Sembrani and Trisula) as the main plot and eleven combinations of NPK fertilizer as the subplot. All treatments received 4.4 t ha-1 dolomite to increase the soil pH. Results showed that Sembrani produced a higher bulb yield than Trisula. Trisula was sensitive to acidic soils and failed to yield a high bulb. The NPK recommended dose for Sembrani was 150 kg N ha-1, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 100 kg K2O ha-1, producing 57.50 g plant-1 equal to 14.4 t ha-1 or 53% higher than the control (without NPK). Meanwhile, growing Trisula was not recommended for peatlands.

Responses of Crop and Soil Phosphorus Fractions to Long-Term Fertilization Regimes in a Loess Soil in Northwest China

Contrasting fertilization modifies soil phosphorus (P) transformation and bioavailability, which impact crop P uptake and P migration in the soil profile. A long-term (25-year) fertilizer experiment was employed to investigate crop yield, P uptake and changes in sequentially extracted P fractions in the soil profile, and their relationships on a calcareous soil derived from loess material under a winter wheat and summer maize double-cropping system. The experiment involved seven nutrient management treatments: control (CK, no nutrient input), N, NK, NP, and NPK, representing various combinations of synthetic nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) applications, as well as combinations of NPK fertilizers with either crop residues (SNPK, where S refers to maize stalk or wheat straw) or manure (MNPK, where M refers to dairy manure). Wheat and maize yields were significantly higher with P input fertilizer relative to the P-omitted treatments. Long-term application of P-containing fertilizers markedly raised the contents of inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) P fractions at 0–20 cm depth compared with the P-omitted treatments. Moreover, both Pi and Po fractions were markedly higher under MNPK than under NPK and SNPK treatments. For achieving high yield for wheat and maize, the critical contents of labile P were 54 and 63 mg kg−1, and those of moderately labile P were 48 and 49 mg kg−1, respectively, defined by the linear plateau model. In addition, the change points of labile P and moderately labile P were 99 and 70 mg kg−1, above which CaCl2-P content significantly increased. Moreover, long-term P input significantly accumulated different P fractions in the deeper soil layers up to 100 cm, with large portions of organic P being a composite of labile and moderately labile P, especially in MNPK treatment. Our results suggest that excessive P supply with organic manure resulted in massive P accumulation in the topsoil and promoted soil P fraction transformation and availability in the deep soil layers, especially in an organic P form that has often been neglected.

Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L var alboglabra) Akibat Pemberian Kombinasi Pupuk NPK dan Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Organik

Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L var alboglabra) Akibat Pemberian Kombinasi Pupuk NPK dan Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Organik

Pengaruh kombinasi pupuk NPK dan ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kubis bunga (Brassica oleraceae var. Botrytis L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of NPK fertilizer and bean sprout extract (BSE) on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants and to determine the right dose of the combination of NPK fertilizer and bean sprout extract, so as to provide maximum results on the growth and yield of cauliflower plants in the lowlands. The experiment was carried out in Pusakanagara District, Subang Regency, West Java Province. With an altitude of 15 m above sea level, the air temperature ranges from 270C–300C. The experiment was carried out from October to December 2022. The study used an experimental method and a randomized block design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment consisted of P0: 5 g NPK (as control), P1: 5 g NPK + 75 g/L, P2: 5 g NPK + 100 g/L, P3: 5 g NPK + 125 g/L. The results showed that all treatments of a combination of NPK fertilizer and bean sprout extract had a significant effect on plant height (14 and 28 days after planting(DAP)), number of leaves (14, 28, and 35 DAP), leaf diameter (14 and 35 DAP), flower weight and flower diameter. For the P3 treatment, the combination dose of 5 g of NPK fertilizer and 125 g/l of bean sprout extract had a significant effect and showed the highest yield on plant height, number of leaves, and the highest weight of cauliflower, namely 379.25 g/plant. It can be concluded that the administration of bean sprout extract (BSE) was proven to increase the growth and yield of cauliflower varieties PM 126F. Doses of bean sprout extract fertilizer up to 125 mg/L of water are considered quite effective in efforts to increase the growth and yield of flower cabbage variety PM 126F.

Effect of Seedling Age and NPK Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var gongylodes) Planted in Gypsiferous Soil

Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) ‘White Vienna cv.’ was grown in the Experimental Station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape in the College of Agriculture at Tikrit University in Salah al-Din, Iraq, during the winter of 2021–2022. The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of seedling age and NPK combinations on kohlrabi plant growth and yield. Most values for vegetative growth traits and yield were found to be highest for seedlings aged 45 days. Plant growth and yield were enhanced by applying a 120:90:50 kg, ha-1 NPK combination fertilizer rather than a single kind of NPK. For optimal growth and highest output, the 45-day-old seedlings plus the 120-90-50-kg-ha-1 NPK fertilizer combination treatment was chosen over other interaction treatments.

Pengaruh Pemupukan Dan Pemangkasan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Melon (Cucumis melo L.) di Lahan Kering

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of NPK fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer (POC) and pruning and its interaction on the growth and yield of melon plants on dry land. The experiment used a two-factor factorial randomized block design, namely: Application of NPK + Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) (b0 = 100% NPK without POC; b1 = 50% NPK + Bio-Extrem POC; b2 = 50% NPK + Organox POC) ; and Pruning (p0 = No Pruning, p1 = Pruning by maintaining 2 main branches). The results showed that pruning had a significant effect on the percentage of class C fruit quality, while fertilization treatment had no significant effect on all observed parameters. The interaction of the combination of fertilization and pruning had no significant effect on the growth and yield of melons, however, the combination of fertilizing with pruning was able to avoid fruit weight <1 kg (class C fruit quality). The use of a combination of 50% NPK + POC (Bioektrim / Organox) fertilizer and pruning can be used as a technology package in an effort to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and increase the yield and quality of melon fruit on dry land.

Pemberian Pupuk NPK (21-21-21) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L)

Fertilization is one of the mainfactors determining the success of corn cultivation in addition tosuperior varieties. The use of fertilizers must be made to be effective and efficient, so as to increaseproduction optimally while increasing farmers' income and not polluting the environment. This studyaims to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer (21-21-21) on the growth and yield of maize. The studywas carried out in Watugede Village, Puncu District, Kediri Regency, from October 2020-March2021. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) 7 treatments with 4 replications, namely basedon a combination of NPK fertilizer (21-21-21), comparison of recommended fertilizer doses , withoutfertilizer. The results showed that the dose of NPK (21-21-21) 200 + Urea 200 + ZA 100 kg/ha had asignificant effect on maize plant growth and biomass weight. The production of jugung was significantat this dose in the results of wet log weight and dry shelled yields. It is necessary to carry out a similarstudy but in locations that have different agroecology because corn is widely cultivated in Indonesia,so that production is high with lower fertilizer inputs.

Rice yield grown in different fertilizer combination and planting methods: Case study in Buru Island, Indonesia

Abstract Rice productivity in the tropics largely depends on fertilizers as soils are commonly low in nitrogen and phosphorus. Some farmers in this region cultivate rice using the hand-broadcast method, which has resulted in a low yield. Therefore, this on-farm experiment was conducted to compare the performance and yield of broadcasted and transplanted rice production systems under different fertilizer combinations. The experimental was set up in a split plot design with six combination treatments and seven replications. The main plots were planting methods comprised of transplanting and broadcasting. The subplots were a combination of NPK fertilizer, urea, and biofertilizer (BF) with and without compost, while the control treatment was NPK fertilizer and urea. The BF contained nitrogen fixer bacteria and phosphate solubilizer microbes. The results showed that fertilizer combination increased shoot height, root length, shoot and root dry weight (RDW), root-to-shoot ratio (R/S), tiller number, 1,000-grain weight, and yield but did not affect clump number. In addition, the planting method affected the parameters except for R/S and 1,000-grain weight. The yield of transplanted rice grown with NPK fertilizer and urea was 17.5% higher than that of the broadcasting method. Incorporation of chemical fertilizer combined with compost and BF resulted in a comparable yield; transplanted rice yield was only 2.18% more than broadcasted. This showed that diverse fertilizer application is needed to minimize the yield gap between broadcasted and transplanted rice.

Effect of Methanotroph Bacteria Isolated from Paddy Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) on Growth and Yield Components of Rice

The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of paddy plants can affect the paddy plant’s growth and productivity. The study was conducted to answer the question, “Can paddy rice be grown when the NPK doze is reduced?” This study aims to apply the methanotroph bacteria on the growth and production of lowland rice. The research field was carried out in the rice fields of Amparita Village, TelluLimpoe District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from June to September 2020. The plants were arranged in a split plot Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the main plot, namely, the NPK fertilizer dosage treatment (P) with 4 treatments, namely, without NPK fertilizer, 75 g/plot, 150 g/plot, and 360 g/plot. The subplots were methanotroph bacteria application with 4 treatments, namely: without bacteria, 106 CFU per ml of methanotroph, 107 CFU per ml of methanotroph, and 108 CFU per ml of methanotroph. The results showed that there was an interaction between the NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria. The best results were obtained on the combination of 360 g per plot of NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria with 106 CFU per ml on the observation of plant height (111.17 cm), and the combination of NPK fertilizer 0 g per plot and methanotrophic bacteria with 0 CFU per ml on the observation of fresh weight of grain was the highest (70.44 g), whereas the combination of NPK fertilizer treatment 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 0 CFU per ml on the observation of dry weight of grain was 43.89 g. NPK fertilizer 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 106 CFU per ml at an observation weight of 100 grains was the highest number (3.53 g).

Application of Fish Waste Fertilizer on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays)

Corn is an important cereal in the world and widely used as human consumption, livestock feed and even as raw material for industrial purposes. A study was carried out on the effect of fish waste fertilizer (FWF) on the growth of maize at UiTM Jasin Campus, Malacca. The experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) based on 5 treatments and 5 replications. The control treatment (T1) was 100% of NPK fertilizer, treatment 2 (T2) was 30% of NPK + 70% FWF, treatment 3 (T3) was 50% of NPK + FWF, treatment 4 (T4) was 70% of NPK + 30% FWF and treatment 5 (T5) was 100% FWF. The corn variety used was Leckat 592 and different doses of organic fertilizer were applied 5 times. The parameters used in this study were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth and chlorophyll content. In this experiment, treatment 3 (50% of NPK + FWF) and treatment 4 (70% of NPK + 30% FWF) showed significant difference in leaf area and stem girth parameters, respectively. However, there are no significant differences of the treatments on plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. NPK fertilizer showed the highest mean numbers for the three parameters. Thus, from this study, combination of NPK fertilizer with fish waste fertilizer showed some significant in the growth of corn.

Application of Mitscherlich–Bray Equation for Fertilizer Use on Raya

Raya (Brassica juncea L.) as an imperative oilseed crop, necessitates a judicious amount of fertilizers for its sufficient yield, however the soils in Pakistan are becoming nutrient scarce owing to extensive farming. In order to evaluate the accurate fertilizer requirement for potential raya yields, an experiment was conducted at Regional agricultural research institute, Bahawalpur, Pakistan during the years 2018-2020. Various combinations of NPK fertilizers were made and applied to Raya crop. The treatments were T1 (0-0-0 NPK kg/ha), T2 (0-60-60 NPK kg/ha) ,T3 (60-60-60 NPK kg/ha), T4 (90-60-60 NPK kg/ha), T5 (120-60-60 NPK kg/ha), T6 (90-0-60 NPK kg/ha), T7 (90-30-60 NPK kg/ha), T8 (90-90-60 NPK kg/ha),T9 (90-60-0 NPK kg/ha), T10 (90-60-30 NPK kg/ha) and T11 (90-60-90 NPK kg/ha). Subsequently, fertilizer recommendations were made on the basis of Mitscherlich-Bray equation. Theoretical maximum yield of Raya was obtained by plotting log y (grain yield) versus 1/x (amount of nutrient applied). The results showed that Soil have 10 kg (P ha?1) would need 125 kg Phosphorus oxide per hectare fertilizer to attain 90% grain yield. Moreover it was concluded that recommended dose of fertilizer for Raya was less in comparison to that achieved through application of Mitscherlich-Bray equation. From these results, it is crucial to assess the 90%maximum yield by implementing the formula prior to conducting of field trials in order to enhance economic outputs and to balance the nutrients in soils.

Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities.

Soil microorganisms affect crop rhizospheres via the transformation and transport of nutrients, which has important influences on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and plant yield and health in agroecosystems. There are few reports on the effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey.) or the structure of its rhizosphere microbial communities. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the effects of nine different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers with different amounts and proportions on ginseng growth and accumulation of ginsenosides and the structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities. Soil without fertilization was the control. With the combined application of NPK, ginseng growth and development increased. The fertilization scheme N3P1K3, with N fertilizer at 50 g·m−2, P fertilizer at 15 g·m−2, and K fertilizer at 60 g·m−2, had the most comprehensive benefit and significantly increased ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside contents (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd). Amplicon sequencing showed that NPK application increased the diversity of fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheres, whereas richness was bidirectionally regulated by proportions and amounts of NPK. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in ginseng rhizosphere soil, and relative abundances decreased with combined NPK application. Combined NPK application increased the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi, such as Mortierella, but decreased that of potentially pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium. Correlation analysis showed that potential beneficial fungi were significantly positively correlated with ginseng rhizome yield and ginsenoside contents, whereas the opposite relation was observed with potential pathogenic fungi. Thus, in addition to directly increasing crop growth, precise NPK application can also increase crop adaptability to the environment by shaping specific microbial communities. The results of this study suggest that the combined effects of biotic and abiotic processes on agricultural production determine crop yield and quality.

Potential for increased yield of peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) through combination application of NPK and guano fertilizer

This study aims to determine and determine the dose of NPK fertilizer with the appropriate application of guano fertilizer on the yield of peanuts (Arachishypogaea L.), The study was conducted from September to December 2020, this study used a split plot design with 3 replicates for a total of 27 plots. The treatment variables were NPK fertilizer (N), namely N1 = 25 kg ha-1; N2 = 50 kg ha-1 ; N3 = 75 kg ha-1 and Guano Fertilizer (G) ie G1 = 5 tons ha-1; G2 = 10 tons ha-1 ; G3 = 15 tonnes ha-1. Observational variables in this study included the number of pods per plant (pods), pod weight per plant (g), weight of 100 seeds (g) and weight of pods per plot (kg). The results showed that combination of NPK fertilizer 75 kg ha-1 with guano fertilizer 10 tons ha-1 gave the highest yield of peanuts at 1.49 kg per plot (2.98 tons ha-1).

Enhancing Sunflower Production Through the Use of Sustainable Nutrient Management in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

A field experiment was done to observe how sunflowers responded to varying irrigation intervals, as well as different quantities of processing poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers. The results demonstrated that the combined use of varying irrigation intervals, as well as variable quantities of poultry manure and NPK fertilizers, had a substantial impact on all growth and seed production features. The best sunflower yield and yield contributing characteristics were 91.67 cm plant height, 3.48 cm stem girth, 18.00 number of leaves per plant, 16.00 cm head diameter, 808.33 seeds per head, 54.00 g 1000-seed weight, and 1.70 tha-1 seed yield with a 10 day irrigation interval and 4 tha-1 processed poultry manure and NPK fertilizer combination of ten day irrigation interval and second place went to a 3 tha-1 processing poultry manure with NPK fertilizer, which yielded 801.00 g of seed per head and 1.60 ton seed output per hectare. In terms of sunflower growth and yield, all of the other treatments were found to be inferior. In comparison to other irrigation intervals and processing poultry manure treatments, a 10 day irrigation interval and 4 tha-1 processing poultry manure with adjusted amount of NPK fertilizers from 5 tha-1 poultry manure (recommended dose) exhibited more promising outcomes.