Combination Of Herbal Extracts Research Articles

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Eye Mascara

The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a herbal eye mascara using natural ingredients. The mascara was prepared using a combination of beeswax, coconut oil, shea butter, and herbal extracts of aloe vera, green tea, and chamomile. The physical characteristics, such as texture, consistency, and color, were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity and safety of the formulation were also assessed. The results showed that the herbal eye mascara possessed good physical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and was safe for use. The formulation was also found to be stable and non-irritating. The study concludes that the herbal eye mascara is a promising natural alternative to synthetic mascaras, offering benefits of natural ingredients and antimicrobial properties

Bowel Inflammation and Nutrient Supplementation: Effects of a Fixed Combination of Probiotics, Vitamins, and Herbal Extracts in an In Vitro Model of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction.

The gut microbiota is a very important factor in the state of health of an individual, its alteration implies a situation of "dysbiosis," which can be connected to functional gastrointestinal disorders and pathological conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). In this work, we studied the effect of a food supplement called ENTERO-AD containing a mix of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1, L. reuteri LR92, Bifidobacterium breve Bbr8), Matricaria Chamomilla, and B group vitamins (B1, B2, B6) on intestinal inflammation. The in vitro model used for the study is the Caco-2 cell, a culture derived from human intestinal adenocarcinoma; the inflammatory condition was achieved with treatment with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the association between Tumor necrosis factor α/Interferon γ (TNF-α/IFN-γ) [1,2]. The effect of ENTERO-AD was evaluated by cell viability, measures of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability, and immunofluorescence. Results of the study have shown that ENTERO-AD has a favorable effect on Caco-2 cells in inflammatory conditions. It improves the integrity of Occludin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) proteins, leading to an improvement in terms of TEER values and a reduction of paracellular permeability. This evidence underlines the protective effect of ENTERO-AD and its components in intestinal inflammation.

IN SILICO DOCKING STUDY OF HERBAL COMPOSITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS FOR COMMON RESPIRATORY DISEASES THEREOF

Objective: The present study aims to develop a novel mouth dissolving tablets containing a combination of herbal extracts and a bioactive constituent and evaluating it for activity against common respiratory diseases (in silico studies). Methods: Docking study was done to provide a scientific foundation, keeping the traditional knowledge as a base. Four trial batches were developed. The final batch was then formulated and various pre and post-compression and assays were performed to evaluate the formation of good quality of product. The final batch was prepared by the method of direct compression and taken for accelerated stability studies. Results: The final batch containing 10 % active ingredients, 7.5 % super-disintegrant and 47 % diluent was found to be stable, easily producible and economic. Conclusion: This research work grasps possibilities for researchers in the development and evaluation of mouth-dissolving tablets with significant bioactive potential against common respiratory diseases.

Formulation of Mouthwash Using Combined Herbal Extracts to Control the Predominant Oral Pathogens and Biofilm

IntroductionGlobally, oral disease is a major health problem, which affects the quality of life. The role of oral microflora in the oral diseases is well established. However, with the increase in the frequency of oral disease, the development of antimicrobial drug resistance to the existing drugs has insisted on searching for alternative drugs from plant sources. Herein, herbal-based mouthwash is formulated to effectively control the dominant oral pathogens. MethodsThe antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against oral pathogens by zone of inhibition test. Mouthwash was formulated with one gram of each plant extracts (Rosa damascena flower petals, Coleus amboinicus leaves, Psidium guajava leaves, and Phyllanthus acidus fruits) in 10% ethanol. Antimicrobial efficacy of the formulated mouthwash was assessed against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by standard protocol. Also, the antibiofilm effect of the formulated mouthwash was assessed against preformed S mutans biofilm and visualised using SEM and CLSM. ResultsThe formulated mouthwash exhibits excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration result indicates that the susceptibility of the pathogens was found as follows: S aureus <S mutans <C albicans <E faecalis <E coli. Also, it shows a great anti-inflammatory effect. SEM and CLSM images reveal that the formulated mouthwash has the potential to inhibit the oral biofilm of S. mutants. ConclusionsThis study concludes that the formulated herbal-based mouthwash might be useful in controlling multiple oral pathogens and biofilms.

A Study on the Effectiveness and Safety of Herbal Extract Combination Compared to 3% Minoxidil Solution for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women. Standard treatments include topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, which can cause undesirable side effects. Therefore, a natural herbal extract is required for an alternative treatment. Objectives This study aims to assess both the efficacy and safety profiles of an herbal extract comprising a combination of dihydroquercetin glucoside, epigallocatechin gallate glucoside, zinc, and glycine, compared to the minoxidil solution for the treatment of AGA. Methods About 30 males and 30 females were recruited. The males and females were divided equally into two groups (n=30), randomly receiving either a minoxidil solution or herbal extraction twice a day for 24 weeks. Clinical efficacy, total hair count, and hair mass index (HMI) were evaluated. Results A total of 30 males and 30 females completed the study. The total hair counts (hairs/cm2) at baseline in the herbal group and minoxidil group were 334.8±108.8 and 368.3±178.4, respectively, and the total hair counts at 24 weeks in the herbal group and minoxidil group were 345.0±119.2 and 391.5±183.1 (p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001), respectively. The HMI in the herbal and minoxidil groups significantly increased by 25.83±17.18 and 33.70±15.17 (p=0.001, p&lt;0.001) at 24 weeks. However, there was no significant difference in total hair count and HMI between the two groups at 24 weeks (p= 0.250, p=0.065). No local adverse effects were observed in both groups. Conclusions The non-significant difference in efficacy and safety to minoxidil solution suggests that the herbal extraction could be an alternative treatment for AGA. Clinical Trial Registration Number TCTR20220927001.

NADES-Based Extracts of Selected Medicinal Herbs as Promising Formulations for Cosmetic Usage

As a functional extraction medium, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) can dissolve various plant metabolites. Those solvents provide untapped potential for creating novel green extracts with distinctive phytochemical signatures and unique biological activities. This is particularly relevant given the rising need for eco-friendly and sustainable skin care products. The main aim of this work was to optimize the most efficient natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for extracting bioactives from 18 medicinal herbs applicable to the cosmetic industry. Selection of the most potent herbs involved assessing their conventional extracts for tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant activity, and keratinocyte cytotoxicity. Moreover, we analyzed the phenolic profile using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) and spectrophotometric assays such as total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC). Using the COSMO-RS method, we modeled the solubility of 12 phenolics in 64 virtual NADESs and selected the 7 most promising ones for further experimental validation. NADESs, including betaine-urea, betaine-proline, and betaine-lysine, were computationally chosen and demonstrated the highest levels of TPC and antioxidative capacity, as confirmed by in vitro assays. The proposed combination of NADES herbal extracts represents a promising natural constituent for the cosmetic industry.

A novel traditional Chinese medicine combination for radiation

ObjectiveTo formulate an efficacious radioprotective combination of Chinese medicines with minimal toxicity. MethodsAqueous and alcoholic extracts from 38 traditional Chinese herbs were prepared. To produce drug-containing sera, rats received six doses of each extract via oral gavage at 12-h intervals. Subsequently, human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were cultured in these drug-containing sera. The cell viability was assessed after different doses of irradiation to identify the radioprotective effects of Chinese herbal extracts. The efficacy of a selected Chinese herbal extract combination was further confirmed through cell viability analysis via in vitro colony formation and survival rate assessments in C57BL/6 mice post-irradiation. ResultsExtracts from Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR; two extracts), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), Platycladi Cacumen (PC), Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SF), Scutellariae Radix (SR), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome (GRR) demonstrated radioprotective effects. The combination of the seven Chinese herbal extracts notably increased the survival and viability of the BEAS-2B cells exposed to varying doses of X-rays. Moreover, the group of mice receiving Chinese medicine combination and irradiation exhibited prolonged survival after exposure to 6.5 ​Gy X-rays with a median survival of （14 ​± ​2）d compared to （11 ​± ​2）d in the irradiated group without the herbal treatment. Additionally, the Chinese medicine combination group displayed a significantly higher 28 ​d survival rate (30%) compared to the irradiation-only group (16.6%, P ​< ​0.05). ConclusionThe novel combination of Chinese herbal extracts from ASR, CRP, PC, SF, SR, and GRR has the potential for radiation protection applications.

Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum Herbal Formulations.

Background The exploration of green synthesis for silver nanoparticles using diverse plant sources has gained significant attention. This study specifically investigates the use of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum, known for their antibacterial properties, in synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized using a herbal formulation composed of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimumagainst different oral pathogens. Materials and methods The process involved the combination of herbal extracts from Ocimum tenuiflorumand Ocimum gratissimumwith a silver nitrate solution leading to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy. The obtained silver nanoparticles were used to study their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against pathogens including Streptococcusmutans, Enterococcus faecalis, C. albicans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and S. aureus. The zone of inhibition quantified antimicrobial effectiveness. A time-kill curve assay evaluated bactericidal properties and the concentration-dependent relationship between silver nanoparticles and the net growth rate of oral pathogens. Results Statistical analysis was done to compare measures such as mean, standard deviation, and percentages. The antimicrobial assessment demonstrated that 100 μg/mL of silver nanoparticles exhibited the highest efficacy against S. mutans, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and Lactobacillus sp. For C. albicans, all concentrations of silver nanoparticles and the control plant extract displayed similar antimicrobial activity. The time-kill assay illustrated effective inhibition at 100 μg/mL against all tested pathogens, including S. mutans, S. aureus, E. faecalis, C. albicans, and Lactobacillus sp.The result showed positive inhibitory activity of silver nanoparticles against all tested bacterial strains. Conclusion The significant antimicrobial efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles positions them as promising candidates for dental applications. Their demonstrated bactericidal and fungicidal activities suggest potential use as effective dental antimicrobial agents, opening avenues for innovative solutions in oral healthcare.

Determination of Synephrine and Caffeine in Citrus Species Herbal Medicines and Weight-Loss Supplements from Taiwan by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Synephrine is widely found in Chinese herbs of the Rutaceae family and is commonly used as a primary substitute for ephedrine in sports supplements. However, its potential cardiotoxicity has necessitated governmental regulations regarding its use. This study determined the contents of synephrine, phenylephrine, and caffeine in 30 Chinese herbal preparations (including five single herbs) and 16 supplements promoted for weight loss. The presence of naturally occurring synephrine was detected in all Chinese herbal medicines, with immature bitter orange having the highest synephrine content (ranging from 233.1 to 505.3 mg/100 g). This was followed by three herbs with comparable amounts of up to 317.7 mg/100 g, namely bitter orange, red tangerine exocarp, and tangerine peel. Euodia fruit had the lowest synephrine content, measuring up to 4.9 mg/100 g. None of these herbal medicines were found to contain detectable phenylephrine. On the other hand, weight-loss supplements, comprising complex combinations of herbal extracts, were found to contain synephrine in concentrations up to 1159.0 mg/100 g and caffeine up to 1659.1 mg/100 g. The synephrine content of these products did not exceed the regulatory limit of six percent, nor did they surpass the respective daily consumption of 20 mg. However, one product was found to contain both synephrine and caffeine, albeit at low concentrations, which could potentially breach the regulation prohibiting the combined use of bitter orange and caffeine as food ingredients.

Self-assembled nanodrug delivery systems for anti-cancer drugs from traditional Chinese medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a combination of raw herbs and herbal extracts with a plethora of documented beneficial bioactivities, which has unique advantages in anti-tumor therapy, and many of its major bioactive molecules have been identified in recent years due to advances in chemical separation and structural analysis. However, the major chemical classes of plant-derived bioactive compounds frequently possess chemical properties, including poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability, that limit their therapeutic application. Alternatively, natural small molecules (NSMs) containing these components possess modifiable groups, multiple action sites, hydrophobic side chains, and a rigid skeleton with self-assembly properties that can be exploited to construct self-assembled nanoparticles with therapeutic effects superior to their individual constituents. For instance, the construction of a self-assembled nanodrug delivery system can effectively overcome the strong hydrophobicity and poor in vivo stability of NSMs, thereby greatly improving their bioavailability and enhancing their anti-tumor efficacy. This review summarizes the self-assembly methods, mechanisms, and applications of a variety of NSMs, including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and saponins, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on NSMs and the development of SANDDS.

Effect of Combination Herbal Plants Extracts on Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease with metabolic dysfunction characterized by high glucose levels due to damage to pancreatic β cells so that insulin cannot be secreted normally by the body. Diabetes mellitus cannot be cured, but it can only be controlled with appropriate treatment. Most of the available synthetic antidiabetic treatments have serious side effects and are quite expensive. Therefore, traditional herbal medicine is an alternative which is used for some people in maintaining normal blood sugar levels. The use of herbal therapy with a combination of plant extracts has the potential to be more effective in lowering blood sugar when compared to single plant extracts. The aim of this article review is that to compile and provide a scientific overview of the various studies which have been conducted previously regarding the effectiveness of combinations of herbal plant extracts in diabetes mellitus. A comprehensive literature study was conducted by using various electronic search databases with the keyword “Combination of antidiabetic extracts” and 30 international research journals which were combined into review articles were obtained which shows that combinations of plant extracts proved to be more effective in lowering blood glucose levels compared to single herbal plant extracts.

Antiseptic Activity of Combination Lotion of Herbal Extracts of Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica (L). Urban) and Aloe Vera Against Psedomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria

To test the antibacterial activity of antiseptic gel, a combination of gotu kola herb extract and aloe vera extract against pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Experimentally using the well diffusion method with a combined concentration of gotu kola and aloe vera herbal extracts of 5%:5% (F IV), 7.5%:2.5% (F V), 7.5%:2.5% (F VI), with positive control using antic antiseptic. The antibacterial activity with the antiseptic combination of gotu kola and aloe vera herbal extracts against pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria has a medium category inhibitory power of 18.06 mm. The data obtained was tested for normality using the Shapiro Wilk test followed by the One Way Anova test. Based on statistical tests using ANOVA, it shows that there is a significant difference between the average percentage values between groups (sig ≤ 0.05). The single lotion activity and antibacterial combination of gotu kola and aloe vera herbal extracts can inhibit the growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria

Herbal-pro supplementation in drinking water to promote the growth and suppress Coliform and Escherichia coli in the Intestines of ducklings

Herbal-Pro is a combination of herbal extracts (Carrot leaves) and probiotics (Effective Microorganism-4). Probiotic microbes have been shown to improve performance and nutrient absorption. Meanwhile, savonins in herbal leaves can suppress pathogenic bacteria. It is interesting to study the effect of Herbal-Pro supplementation in drinking water to improve performance and suppress pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of duckling. A total of 216 male Bali duckling aged 2 weeks with an average homogeneous body weight were randomly divided into 4 treatments and 6 replications in a completely randomized design. The "Herbal-Pro" treatment was administered via drinking water, each at the level of: 0% as a control (A); 2% (B), 4% (C), and 6% (D), respectively. The results showed that the inclusion of Herbal-pro in drinking water were increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency. Herbal-Pro administration at a level of 4-6% via drinking water was significantly different (P&lt;0.05) in reducing the number of Coliform and E. coli bacteria in the duckling intestine. It can be concluded that addition of 2-6% Herbal-Pro on drinking water of duckling from 2-10 weeks of age significantly improves growth and feed efficiency, and vice versa is able to suppress pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of ducklings.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Soap by using Natural Plant Extract

Since the beginning of time, people have employed medicinal plants as a form of treatment. As a natural cure, the extract made from the leaves, stems, and roots of numerous medicinal plants has been used to treat a variety of maladies and disorders. The majority of bacterial disorders occur in humans. Herbs are recognized to have a variety of potential benefits for humans, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal aspects that have been looked over for decades and used in a variety of ways. One example of this is the formulation of herbal soap, which is used both for treating microbiological diseases and daily use. The intent of this study is to create an inventive herbal soap using a combination of herbal extracts. This study also assesses the soap's physicochemical properties. Plants are readily available, and their efficacy makes it possible to create products that are beneficial and affordable with few or no adverse effects.

In-vitro Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Combined Nutmeg, Aloe Vera and Neem as an Intracanal Medicament with Calcium Hydroxide on Enterococcus Faecalis

Background: Ideal requirement of an intracanal medicament is that it should have an antibacterial action for the success of endodontic procedures. The "golden standard" intracanal medication is calcium hydroxide, but it still has drawbacks like internal root resorption. The search for an ideal intracanal medication that works well is an ongoing process that is still unsuccessful. In this pilot study, we attempted to search for new materials by drawing motivation from the earlier time. Ayurveda, started in India 3000 years back. Since many herbal products have demonstrated antibacterial, antiseptic, and analgesic properties, there has been renewed interest in them in recent years.&#x0D; Aim: To compare in-vitro, the antibacterial efficacy of a combination of herbal extracts i.e nutmeg + aloe vera, nutmeg + neem and nutmeg + distilled water with calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on Enterococcus faecalis.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The ATCC strain 29212 of the bacterium E. faecalis was used in the study. Mueller Hinton agar plate was vaccinated with E. faecalis. The herbal extract mixtures were pipetted into the agar wells on this agar plate, which had four wells with diameters ranging from 8 to 10 millimeters. After using calcium hydroxide as a control, which is the gold standard for intracanal medication, the plate was incubated. The width of the restraint zones around every one of the wells were estimated physically after hatching for 48 hrs.&#x0D; Results: The highest zone of inhibition was seen around the wells containing Nutmeg and its combinations. Nutmeg showed better antibacterial efficacy when compared to calcium hydroxide.&#x0D; Conclusion: Nutmeg shows promising results for its use as an antibacterial intracanal medicament.

Uji Efektivitas Antiinflamasi Kombinasi Ekstrak Herba Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.) Dan Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Pada Tikus Putih

Inflammation is a protective response that is intended to eliminate the initial cause cell injury and cell discard and necrotic tissue caused by cell damage. Plants suspected of having anti-inflammatory properties as is Herba Celery (Apium graveolens L.) which included family Apiaceae and leaves Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) are included in the family basellaceae. Which act as antiinflammatory herbs binahong celery and leaves are flavonoids. This study aims to determine the effect of anti-inflammatory herb extract combination Celery (Apium graveolens L.) and leaves Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) against a white male rats. Herbal extract and leaf celery binahong extracted using 96% ethanol by maceration method. Animal test used was a white male rats as much as 25 animals with body weight of 100-300 grams. The test animals were divided into 5 groups: negative control group (CMC 1%), the positive control group (Diclofenac Sodium 50 mg), group combination herbal extracts celery and leaves binahong with a dose of 200 mg / kg: 200 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg: 300 mg / kg, 300 mg, kg: 100 mg / kg. Treatment 1 hour before the feet of mice induced by subplantar karagenin on the rear left foot white male rats. Edema volume measurements on the soles of mice were observed every 1 hour for 5 hours. The results showed a combination of herbal extracts and leaf celery binahong show stable results, where the hour-3 increased volumes continued in the hours 4th and 5th. Results per cent udema on a combination of herbal extracts and leaf celery binahong ie 49.13%, 44.66% and 45.92%. The average volume is used to calculate the percent edema inflammation, inflammation percent results obtained to calculate the percent inhibition.

The combined effect of a novel formula of herbal extracts on bacterial infection and immune response in Micropterus salmoides.

Herbal extracts have been considered as ideal alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture and application of combinatory effective extracts always can exhibit the enhanced bioactivity with high efficiency. In our study, a novel herbal extract combination GF-7, which is composed of Galla Chinensis, Mangosteen Shell extracts as well as the effective parts of Pomegranate peel and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, was prepared and applied for the therapy of bacterial infection in aquaculture. The HPLC analysis of GF-7 was also investigated for quality control and chemical identification. In the bioassay, GF-7 had excellent antibacterial activity against various aquatic pathogenic bacteria in vitro, and the related MIC values were between 0.045 and 0.36 mg/mL. After feeding Micropterus salmoide with GF-7 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6%, respectively) for 28 days, the activities of ACP, AKP, LZM, SOD, and CAT of the liver in each treatment group were significantly increased and the content of MDA was significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the hepatic expression of the immune regulators including IL-1β, TNF-α, and Myd88 at different times was up-regulated in varying degrees. The challenge results exhibited a good dose-dependent protective effect on M. salmoides infected with A. hydrophila, which was further confirmed by liver histopathology. Our results imply that the novel combination GF-7 is a potential natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of numerous aquatic pathogenic infectious diseases in aquaculture.

Chewable tablet with herbal extracts and propolis arrests Wuhan and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Prevention of COVID-19 is of paramount importance for public health. Some natural extracts might have the potential to suppress COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to design a standardised, efficient, and safe chewable tablet formulation (with propolis and three herbal extracts) for possible prevention against two variants (Wuhan B.1.36 and Omicron BA.1.1) of SARS-CoV-2 virus and other viral infections. Green tea, bilberry, dried pomegranate peel, and propolis extracts were selected for this purpose. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of each component, as well as the developed chewable tablet, were examined against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus using Vero E6 cells with the xCELLigence real-time cell analyser-multiple plates system. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, as well as mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of the chewable tablet were also analysed. Compared to the control, it was observed that the chewable tablet at concentrations of 110 and 55µg/mL had antiviral activity rates of 101% and 81%, respectively, for the Wuhan variant and 112% and 35%, respectively, for the Omicron variant. The combination of herbal extracts with propolis extract were synergically more effective (∼7-fold higher) than that of individual extract. The present work suggests that a combination of herbal extracts with propolis at suitable concentrations can effectively be used as a food supplement for the prevention of both variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the oral cavity (the first entry point of the SARS-CoV-2 virus).

Anti-cancer effect of Rumex obtusifolius in combination with arginase/nitric oxide synthase inhibitors via downregulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and polyamine synthesis.

Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, making the development of new treatment methods crucial in the fight against it. With cancer incidence rates increasing worldwide, ongoing research must focus on identifying new and effective ways to prevent and treat the disease. The combination of herbal extracts with chemotherapeutic agents has gained much interest as a novel strategy to combat cancer. Rumex obtusifolius L. is a wild plant known for its medicinal properties and is widely distributed worldwide. Our preclinical evaluations suggested that R. obtusifolius seed extracts possessed cancer-inhibiting properties and we also evaluated the beneficial effects of the arginase inhibitor NG-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine and nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in the treatment of breast cancer. The current study aimed to combine these observations and evaluate the antioxidant and antitumor properties of R. obtusifolius extracts alone and in combination with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Metabolic characterization of the plant extract using a liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry advanced system revealed the presence of 240 phenolic compounds many of which possess anticancer properties, according to the literature. In vitro studies revealed a significant cytotoxic effect of the R. obtusifolius extracts on the human colon (HT29) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Thus, a new treatment approach of combining R. obtusifolius bioactive phytochemicals with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and/or NG-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, respectively, was proposed and could potentially be an effective way to treat breast cancer. Indeed, these combinations showed immunostimulatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties in a rat breast cancer model.

55 Impacts of dietary Protandim Nrf2 Synergizer on antioxidant status of mature, sedentary horses

Reactive oxygen species are normal by-products of cellular metabolism but may have detrimental effects on cellular matrices when overproduced. Dietary antioxidants may neutralize excess free radicals and prevent the imbalance of oxidants to antioxidants, referred to as oxidative stress. To test the hypothesis that supplementation of an herbal extract combination (Protandim Nrf2 Synergizer, LifeVantage Corporation) would improve the body's enzymatic defense system, 40 mature, sedentary horses (32 mares, 8 geldings, mean ± SD; 15.7 ± 4.9 y, 519 ± 46 kg) were stratified by age, sex, and body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of 4 dietary treatment groups for 56 d: 1) 0 mg (CON); 2) 675 mg (Pro1); 3) 2,025 mg (Pro3); or 4) 4,050 mg (Pro6) Protandim Nrf2 Synergizer per day (n = 10 per group). Horses were group housed and received a basal diet of coastal bermudagrass hay ad libitum and a custom-formulated concentrate grain fed individually at 0.5% BW/d (dry matter basis) split evenly between 2 meals per d. The supplement was top-dressed on the morning grain meal. Blood samples were collected at d 0, 28, and 56 of supplementation before the morning feeding and analyzed for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and concentration, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Data were analyzed using linear models in SAS v9.4; sex, treatment, time, time × treatment were fixed effects and time was a repeated effect with horse(treatment) as the subject. Day 0 was included in all models as a covariate. No measure was impacted by dietary treatment. Regardless of treatment, whole blood SOD activity, plasma MDA, and serum H2O2 concentration decreased from d 0 to 28 (P ≤ 0.0001) and remained suppressed at d 56 (P ≤ 0.0007). Conversely, whole blood GPx activity increased from d 0 to 28 (P = 0.01) and decreased from d 28 to 56 (P = 0.02) to be similar to d 0 at d 56. Serum H2O2 production was greater in geldings than mares (P = 0.04) but no other variable was impacted by sex. Dietary supplementation of up to 4,050 mg/d Protandim Nrf2 Synergizer did not impact antioxidant status in mature, sedentary horses. Effects of supplementation on antioxidant status should be investigated in horses subjected to elevated oxidative insult, such as exercise.