Combination Of Anthocyanins Research Articles

Antioxidant anthocyanin synergistic immune enhancer nanopeptide C-I20 remarkably enhances the protective effect of largemouth bass against largemouth bass ranavirus

Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) infection results in huge economic losses in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) industry. Nanopeptide C-I20 and anthocyanins have a positive effect on promoting immune responses and antioxidant mechanisms in several aquatic organisms, and are therefore used to inhibit LMBV infection. In this study, we developed an LMBV immersion challenge model using three different viral concentrations (1×104 copies/mL, 1×105 copies/mL, and 1×106 copies/mL) to infect largemouth bass, and LMBV-MCP mRNA expression was detected in infected fish. Following infection, the fish exhibited severe external ulceration, redness swelling, and darkening of the skin. Histopathological examination revealed significant necrosis and inflammation in muscle tissue, epithelial cell shedding in renal tubules, macrophage aggregation centers and cellular vacuolization in spleen and head kidney, and cellular hypertrophy in liver. To mitigate LMBV infection, we explored the protective effects of a combined treatment strategy involving C-I20 and anthocyanin. Overall, the combination of anthocyanin and C-I20 demonstrated the highest protective efficacy, significantly reducing viral loads in muscle, liver, spleen, and head kidney. Moreover, this treatment regimen enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (T-AOC, TSOD, GSH-Px, CAT) and modulated important immune genes (IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, Mx, and IgM) expression. In conclusion, the synergistic application of anthocyanin and C-I20 demonstrates significant efficacy in mitigating LMBV infection. This research introduces a novel and promising approach to managing infectious diseases in aquaculture settings.

Phytochemical composition of wild pomegranate juices and their cytotoxicity

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between the chemical composition of juices obtained from fruits of autochthonous wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) grown in Montenegro and their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the potential value of wild pomegranate fruits, in vitro biological assays were carried out with juices whose composition was analyzed in detail for sugars, organic acids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds. The effect of juices on survival was determined in human lung A549, cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 carcinoma cells by MTT assay. As a control, the cytotoxicity against normal fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) was monitored.FindingsAmong cancer cell lines, considering the IC50 related to total phenolics, the lowest value – 13 µg/mL was found for the A549. The strongest effect on lung cells was assumed due to the favorable contribution of ellagitannins to total phenolics in juice as well as the given combination of anthocyanins and their synergistic action. For HeLa cells, the lowest IC50 value was obtained at 88 µg/mL, and the cytotoxicity could be matched with the effects of anthocyanins and catechin. For MCF-7 cells, the lowest IC50 was 504 µg/mL, and the elevated levels of vitamin C and ellagic acid derivatives should have a noticeable effect on these cells.Originality/valueThis study provides an important contribution to the knowledge on the effect of phytochemicals from wild pomegranate juice on lung, cervical and breast cancer cells, in vitro. The present observations suggest that the juice of wild pomegranate has the potential in the fight against cancer.

Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Polymer Film-Based Anthocyanin and Starch.

Colorimetric indicators, used in food intelligent packaging, have enormous promise for monitoring and detecting food quality by analyzing and interpreting the quality data of packaged food. Hence, our study developed and characterized a biopolymer film based on starch and anthocyanin for prospective meat freshness monitoring applications. The developed film was morphologically characterized using different morphology instruments to identify the interaction between anthocyanin and starch. The color differences of the proposed film in response to different pH buffers have also been investigated. The combination of anthocyanin and starch produces a smooth and homogenous surface with an intermolecular hydrogen bond that increases the biopolymer’s wavelength. The film indicated bright red at pH 2.0–6.0, bluish-grey at pH 7.0–11.0, and yellowish-green above 11.0 that the naked eye can see. The indicator film shows high sensitivity toward pH changes. The inclusion of anthocyanin increases the biopolymer film’s thickness and crystalline condition with low humidity, water solubility, and swelling values. As a result, the polymer film can be employed in the food industry as an affordable and environmentally friendly indication of meat freshness.

Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.): Extraction, Chemical Characterization, Fractionation and Cellular Antioxidant Activity.

Lingonberries contain high contents of bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids and anthocyanins. In addition to radical scavenging and antioxidant activities, these compounds can protect cells from DNA damage. For this reason, lingonberries might be well suited for nutraceuticals or natural biomedicines. To assess these applications, the present study characterized and identified the most effective extract, only consisting of anthocyanins, copigments or a mixture of both, obtained from a lingonberry juice concentrate. An extract was generated by using a XAD-7 column followed by fractionation into anthocyanins and copigments using adsorptive membrane chromatography. After identification of main polyphenols by HPLC–photodiode array–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry, free radical scavenging activity was analyzed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and galvinoxyl radicals. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry analyses and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay were applied. Finally, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) reducing effects of the lingonberry extract and its fractions were evaluated in HepG2 cells. While the combination of anthocyanins and copigments possessed the highest antioxidant activities, all samples (XAD-7 extract, anthocyanin and copigment fraction) protected cells from oxidative stress. Thus, synergistic effects between phenolic compounds may be responsible for the high antioxidant potential of lingonberries, enabling their use as nutraceuticals.

Cranberry Polyphenols in Esophageal Cancer Inhibition: New Insights.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a cancer characterized by rapidly rising incidence and poor survival, resulting in the need for new prevention and treatment options. We utilized two cranberry polyphenol extracts, one proanthocyanidin enriched (C-PAC) and a combination of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and glycosides (AFG) to assess inhibitory mechanisms utilizing premalignant Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and EAC derived cell lines. We employed reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) and Western blots to examine cancer-associated pathways and specific signaling cascades modulated by C-PAC or AFG. Viability results show that C-PAC is more potent than AFG at inducing cell death in BE and EAC cell lines. Based on the RPPA results, C-PAC significantly modulated 37 and 69 proteins in JH-EsoAd1 (JHAD1) and OE19 EAC cells, respectively. AFG treatment significantly altered 49 proteins in both JHAD1 and OE19 cells. Bioinformatic analysis of RPPA results revealed many previously unidentified pathways as modulated by cranberry polyphenols including NOTCH signaling, immune response, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Collectively, these results provide new insight regarding mechanisms by which cranberry polyphenols exert cancer inhibitory effects targeting EAC, with implications for potential use of cranberry constituents as cancer preventive agents.

A Presurgical Study of Curcumin Combined with Anthocyanin Supplements in Patients with Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps.

Adenomatous polyps are precancerous lesions associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Curcumin and anthocyanins have shown promising CRC-preventive activity in preclinical and epidemiological studies. The objective of this window-of-opportunity, proof-of principle trial was to evaluate the effect of curcumin combined with anthocyanin supplements on tissue biomarkers of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Eligible patients received either anthocyanin and curcumin supplementation or related matching placebo for 4–6 weeks before polyp removal. Adenomatous polyps and adjacent tissue biopsies were collected at baseline and after supplementation for immunohistochemical assessment of β-catenin, NF-kappa B (NF-κB), Ki-67, P53, and dysplasia. No differences were observed in baseline biomarker expression between normal and dysplastic tissues. The combination of anthocyanins and curcumin resulted in a significant borderline reduction of NF-κB immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression in adenoma tissue (geometric mean ratio (GMR): 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–1.00; p-value: 0.05) and a trend to a reduction of Ki-67 (GMR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.50–1.08; p-value: 0.11). No significant modulation of biomarkers in normal adjacent mucosa was observed. We concluded that the combined supplementation of anthocyanins and curcumin seems to lead to a potentially favorable modulation of tissue biomarkers of inflammation and proliferation in colon adenomas.

Angiogenesis is Differentially Modulated by Anthocyanin and Phenolic Acid Extracts from Wild Blueberry (V. angustifolium) Through PI3K Pathway.

Wild blueberries rank very high in anthocyanins (ACNs) and phenolic acids (PA) among other berries. Previous work from our group has documented their beneficial effects. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used, and ACNs, PAs, and their combination (ACNs:PAs) at concentrations of 0.002, 8, 15, 60, and 120 μg/mL were tested for endothelial tube formation. Treatment with ACNs decreased, while treatment with PAs and ACNs:PAs increased overall endothelial cell tube formation compared to control. Endothelial cells exposed to ACNs downregulated gene expression of AKT1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), while PAs upregulated AKT1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression. Combination of ACNs:PAs decreased gene expression of AKT1 and eNOS, while protein levels of AKT1 increased. In summary, based on the type of wild blueberry extract, angiogenesis is differentially modulated and is concentration dependent. Further experiments will delineate the mechanism(s) of the differential action of the aforementioned extracts on angiogenesis.

Fluorescence-Sensor Mapping for the in Vineyard Non-Destructive Assessment of Crimson Seedless Table Grape Quality.

Non-destructive tools for the in situ evaluation of vine fruit quality and vineyard management can improve the market value of table grape. We proposed a new approach based on a portable fluorescence sensor to map the ripening level of Crimson Seedless table grape in five different plots in the East, Central-North and South of the Macedonia Region of Greece. The sensor provided indices of ripening and color such as SFRR and ANTHRG correlated to the chlorophyll and anthocyanin berry contents, respectively. The mean ANTHRG index was significantly different among all the plots examined due to the occurrence of different environmental conditions and/or asynchronous ripening processes. The indices presented moderate, poor in some cases, spatial variability, probably due to a significant vine-to-vine, intra-vine and intra-bunch variability. The cluster analysis was applied to the plot with the most evident spatial structure (at Kilkis). Krigged maps of the SFRR, ANTHRG and yield were classified by k-means clustering in two-zones that differed significantly in their mean values. ANTHRG and SFRR were inversely correlated over 64% of the plot. SFRR appeared to be a potential useful proxy of yield since it was directly correlated to yield over 66% of the plot. The grape color (ANTHRG) was slightly higher over the low-yield zones with respect to the high-yield zones. Our study showed that the combination of anthocyanins and chlorophyll indices detected in the field on Crimson Seedless table grape by a portable fluorescence sensor can help in defining the best harvest time and the best areas for harvesting.

The importance of obtaining natural dyes

The article describes the process of obtaining dyes from various plants for textile fibers. For example, the article gives examples of obtaining dyes from vegetation of blue and red. The article discusses anthocyanins, the color of which depends on the medium - acidic, alkaline or neutral. It has been proven that the combination of anthocyanins with acid has a red or pink color, violet neutral in a neutral environment and blue in an alkaline environment. Natural dyes are found not only in flowers, but also in other parts of the plant and stained in different ways. Autumn leaves are colored red, black-red and carrot colors, which cause anthocyanins on the cell surface. Anthocyanins, like in spring at low temperatures or, as their own “solar” coating in autumn, give filtering properties to leaves and stems.This article presents the experimental results of dyes. Pomegranate fruits, plants with green leaves, foliage, young shoots and other parts of the plant were selected. The effect of various extracts on the dyeing of wool yarn is shown in tables 1–10.

Anthocyanins of Blue Corn and Tortilla Arrest Cell Cycle and Induce Apoptosis on Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells

Background: Breast and prostate cancer are frequently diagnosed neoplasias in women and men around the world. The signaling of the androgen receptor (AR) influences the development of both tumors. Since therapies focused to block the receptor’s activity have not been fully effective, and have shown side effects, therapies based on natural compounds are promissory complementary alternatives in its treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of anthocyanins from blue corn in cancer cell lines. Methods: We analyzed the antiproliferative effect of anthocyanins from raw and alkali-processed (tortillas) Mixteco blue corn in breast and prostate cancer cell lines MDA-MB-453 (subtype: triple negative) and LNCaP using methyltiazlyl-tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM). The combination of anthocyanins and 2-amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-benzenesulfonamide (QBS) or nocodazole also were evaluated. The anthocyanins were isolated trough column chromatography (XAD-7).Results: Our results demonstrated that anthocyanin specially the ones obtained from tortillas, decreased cell viability and arrested cell cycle in G1 phase inducing apoptosis. Cytometry analysis shows an increased effect on apoptosis of MDA-MB-453 and LNCaP cells when tortilla anthocyanins and QBS were combined. Conclusions: This is the first report that suggest that anthocyanins from blue corn have an effect in cell cycle and viability so they could serve as adjuvants for breast and prostate cancer therapies and may prompt to deepen investigations to decipher its molecular properties.AbbreviationsARAndrogen ReceptorCIDIIRInterdisciplinary Center for Research on Integral Regional DevelopmentDHT5α-DihydrotestosteroneEREstrogen ReceptorPRProgesterone ReceptorQBSAmino-N-quinolin-8-yl-benzenesulfonamide

A Prebiotic/Anthocyanin Blend Improved Gastrointestinal Health and Impacted Skin Status in Humans (P20-016-19)

ObjectivesPrevious studies revealed that the combination of anthocyanins and prebiotics had protective effects on gut health. In this study, we observed the response of oral consumption of a blend of prebiotics and anthocyanins (hereafter called Balance +) on the gastrointestinal (GI) function of human volunteers. Skin status was also evaluated as a secondary indication. MethodsA total of 42 subjects (11 males and 31 females) with complaints of mild to moderate GI discomfort were recruited and provided a daily dose of 9.6 g/day of Balance + for 10 weeks. IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL questionnaires were used to evaluate GI function and quality of life of the subjects. An internally designed “Skin status questionnaire” was used to evaluate self-perception of skin conditions. Questionnaires were collected at the baseline, week-1, week-5, and week-10 after consumption. ResultsA total score of GI discomfort derived from the validated GI questionnaires revealed an improvement of GI issues compared with baseline after 5 and 10 weeks consumption of Balance + in most, but not all, symptoms. For example, satisfaction of bowel movement was improved significantly at week 1, 5, and 10; frequency of abdominal pain occurrence was decreased at week 5 and 10; abdominal symptoms affecting daily life were significantly reduced at week 5 and 10. While abdominal pain was generally improved, the improvement was not statistically significant. Moreover no changes were found in abdominal distension. The survey also revealed that quality of life was improved significantly after consumption of Balance + and subjects were less concerned about psychological reactions relevant to abdominal discomfort. Interestingly, according to our questionnaire, general skin condition was also positively impacted after Balance + consumption. Subjects were asked to self-evaluate 7 general skin attributes including dry skin, dark skin or dark patches, sensitive skin, acne, coarse pores, fine wrinkles, and couperose skin. The self evaluation of such general skin conditions revealed improvement after 10 weeks consumption of Balance +. No severe adverse effects were found except for some mild abdominal response, e.g., abdominal pain and distension in 7.1% and 9.5% of individuals studied respectively. ConclusionsBalance + consumption may help regulate human GI system, help improve the self-perception of quality of life as well as skin conditions that may be relevant to GI status. Funding SourcesNu Skin Research Funding. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪▪

Anthocyanin Encapsulated by Ferulic Acid-Grafted-Maltodextrin (FA-g-MD) Microcapsules Potentially Improved its Free Radical Scavenging Capabilities Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and release behavior of anthocyanin (ANC) loaded within FA-g-MD wall (ANC-FA-g-MD microcapsule) in vitro. The microencapsulation of ANC was prepared by spray drying and displayed a biphasic release profile. The combination of ANC and FA-g-MD (0.0625–1 mg/mL) showed a higher antioxidant activity than that of both individuals. A possible intermolecular interaction between ANC and FA-g-MD was studied by UV-vis spectra. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, and protein expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), glutathione reductase (GSR) and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (γ-GCLC) were measured through human colon cancer cells (HT-29). After a 24-hour incubation of the HT-29, the combinations (0–60 μg/mL) exhibited a high potential to diminish the ROS level. And the distinct upregulated expressions of GCLC and NQO1 of HT-29 were detected after treatment with combinations compared to those of single ones. These results suggested that the ANC-FA-g-MD microcapsules exerts enhanced antioxidant effect with capability of the modulation of GCLC and NQO1.

Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in different coloured cultivars of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC)

ABSTRACTAnthocyanins are responsible for the colour of many fruits, vegetables, flowers, and coloured-leaved trees. Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is widely cultivated for its colourful inner leaves. To investigate the relationship between the degree of colouration and anthocyanin distribution, content, and composition in ornamental kale, the authors studied the pigment characteristics of five cultivars with different coloured leaves (white, pink, red, purple, and purple-black). Microscopy observation, spectrophotometer, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of fresh inner leaves revealed that pink, red, and purple colourations were associated with high levels of anthocyanin, while purple-black was the result of the combination of anthocyanins and chlorophyll. In the coloured cultivars, anthocyanins were abundant mainly in the first and second cell layers below the epidermis in both the hypocotyls and inner leaves. No anthocyanin was found in the white-leaved phenotype cultivar. Anthocyanin content increased as leaf colour deepened from pink, red, to purple cultivars, which had little chlorophyll and carotenoid. The authors identified eight anthocyanins in the four coloured cultivars, including one non-acylated, four monoacylated, and three diacylated cyanidin glycosides. Cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)(feruloyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in the four coloured cultivars followed by cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside. The analysis of anthocyanin accumulation characterisation provides important information on evaluating colouration patterns in coloured plants, and will be helpful for breeding desired leaf colours in ornamental kale.

Grey leaves in an alpine plant: a cryptic colouration to avoid attack?

Cryptic colouration is a common predation-avoidance strategy in animals that is postulated to occur in plants, but few experimental studies have rigorously tested this hypothesis. We investigated the colouration of Corydalis benecincta, an alpine plant with remarkably dimorphic leaf colours (grey and green), based on a cost-benefit analysis. First we tested the premise that herbivores (Parnassius butterflies) cannot distinguish grey leaves from a scree background by spectrographic measurements and by estimating discriminability between leaves and scree using a butterfly colour vision model. Then we estimated the potential costs of inconspicuousness by comparing the photosynthetic performance and visual attractiveness to flower visitors of the two colour morphs. Finally, we examined the potential benefits of inconspicuousness by comparing damage, survivorship and female reproductive success. It is difficult for herbivores to distinguish grey-coloured morphs against the background. This grey colour originates in a combination of anthocyanins and chlorophylls. The two colour morphs had similar photosynthetic performance, visual attractiveness and female reproductive success. However, grey morphs had significantly lower herbivore damage and higher survivorship. Grey leaves benefit C.benecincta by reducing herbivory with low investment in anthocyanin synthesis, and little cost on photosynthesis and mating opportunity. This cryptic colouration may have evolved through selection pressure imposed by visually foraging herbivores.

De novo sequencing and comparative transcriptome analysis of white petals and red labella in Phalaenopsis for discovery of genes related to flower color and floral differentation

<em>Phalaenopsis</em> is one of the world’s most popular and important epiphytic monopodial orchids. The extraordinary floral diversity of <em>Phalaenopsis</em> is a reflection of its evolutionary success. As a consequence of this diversity, and of the complexity of flower color development in <em>Phalaenopsis</em>, this species is a valuable research material for developmental biology studies. Nevertheless, research on the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color and floral organ formation in <em>Phalaenopsis</em> is still in the early phases. In this study, we generated large amounts of data from <em>Phalaenopsis</em> flowers by combining Illumina sequencing with differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. We obtained 37 723 and 34 020 unigenes from petals and labella, respectively. A total of 2736 DEGs were identified, and the functions of many DEGs were annotated by BLAST-searching against several public databases. We mapped 837 up-regulated DEGs (432 from petals and 405 from labella) to 102 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Almost all pathways were represented in both petals (102 pathways) and labella (99 pathways). DEGs involved in energy metabolism were significantly differentially distributed between labella and petals, and various DEGs related to flower color and floral differentiation were found in the two organs. Interestingly, we also identified genes encoding several key enzymes involved in carotenoid synthesis. These genes were differentially expressed between petals and labella, suggesting that carotenoids may influence <em>Phalaenopsis</em> flower color. We thus conclude that a combination of anthocyanins and/or carotenoids determine flower color formation in <em>Phalaenopsis</em>. These results broaden our understanding of the mechanisms controlling flower color and floral organ differentiation in <em>Phalaenopsis</em> and other orchids.

Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Anthocyanin Extracted from Black Soybean on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model

To investigated the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of anthocyanins extracted from black soybean on the chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) rat model. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, including control, ciprofloxacin, anthocyanins and anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin groups (n=8 in each group). Then, drip infusion of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli Z17 O2:K1:H-) into Sprague-Dawley rats was conducted to induce CBP. In 4 weeks, results of prostate tissue, urine culture, and histological analysis on the prostate were analyzed for each group. The use of ciprofloxacin, anthocyanins, and anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin showed statistically significant decreases in bacterial growth and improvements in the reduction of prostatic inflammation compared with the control group (P<0.05). The anthocyanins with ciprofloxacin group showed a statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the ciprofloxacin group (P<0.05). These results suggest that anthocyanins may have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, as well as a synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin. Therefore, we suggest that the combination of anthocyanins and ciprofloxacin may be effective in treating CBP to obtain a higher rate of treatment success.

Abstract A57: Randomized double-blind trial of a rational combination of anthocyanins and curcumin for colon cancer prevention in subjects with colorectal adenomas: MIRACOL study

Abstract Rationale: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms in both sexes within developed countries. Colorectal carcinogenesis is a multistage process that occurs over a period of 10–20 years. Colorectal adenomas (CA) are well recognized CRC risk markers. Evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials, suggests that removal of CA decreases the incidence of CRC, supporting the hypothesis that regression or elimination of CA through chemopreventive strategies would also reduce CRC's incidence. Inflammation and oxidative stress appear to play a crucial role in the development of CRC; NF-kB activation has been associated with multiple pathways of oncogenesis, including apoptosis, cell cycle control, differentiation, angiogenesis and cell migration; interference with these mechanisms may represent a strategy in CRC chemoprevention. Anthocyanins and curcumin represent, so far, the two most reliable candidates mainly due to their integrated capacity of modulating key steps of inflammatory processes, cell proliferation and tumor progression. Anthocyanins are a group of natural occurring pigments responsible for the red-blue color of many fruits and vegetables and are provided with remarkable antiproliferative, apoptogenic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects and with the capacity of inhibiting tumor progression in experimental models of gastrointestinal cancerogenesis. In a recent pilot study in CRC patients, anthocyanins administered for 7 days were dose-dependently effective in reducing the proliferation index Ki-67. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound obtained from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) endowed with marked anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic effects; due to its peculiar proximal carbonyls, curcumin is also effective in interacting with the intracellular redox status contributing to modulate main steps of cellular activation and proliferation. In the present study, we propose to test a rational combination of a natural enriched source of anthocyanins from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), MIRTOSELECT© (standardized to contain 36 % anthocyanins) with a bioavailable form of curcumin, MERIVA©. Based on previous experience in humans, the proposed daily dosages of 1g of MIRTOSELECT© and 1g of MERIVA© would assure an effective concentration of anthocyanins and curcumin in the target tissue; and at plasmatic level. Design: To assess the effects of MIRTOSELECT© and MERIVA© on cell proliferation in both adenomatous and unaffected colonic tissue, we designed a presurgical, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase I/II trial in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps. After a complete colonoscopy and biopsy of the index polyp, 100 subjects with histologically confirmed CA will be assigned (50 per arm) to either placebo or MIRTOSELECT© 1g/d + MERIVA© 1gr/die treatment for 4–6 weeks before polyp removal. Primary endpoint will be the nuclear transcriptional activation marker β-Catenin in adenoma tissue in subjects treated with the complex compared with placebo. The study is designed to have 85% power to detect an absolute difference of 10% between arms in β-Catenin expression levels in adenoma tissue after treatment, assuming 10% lost to follow-up. Secondary endpoints include treatment modulation of biomarkers of oxidative activation (NF-kB), proliferation and apoptosis (Ki67, TUNEL), phlogosis (u-CRP), circulating IGFs (IGF-1, IGFBP-3), genetic expression profile and tolerability. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A57.

New Genetic Sources of Peonin and a New Combination of Anthocyanins in Rosa1

Abstract New sources of peonin in Rosa have been found in R. acicularis Lindl., R. arkansana Porter and R. × dulcissima (Lunell) W. H. Lewis. Peonin has been transferred from the native tetraploid, R. arkansana, to fertile tetraploid hybrids with Floribunda and Hybrid Tea roses. Cyanin, peonin and pelargonin combined have been found in 10 seedlings derived from these crosses, a combination not previously reported in Rosa. A separate pair of blue fluorescing spots bore a positive relationship to each of cyanin, peonin and pelargonin. A negative relationship was observed between yellow fluorescent spots, probably flavonoids, and anthocyanins.