Combat Field Research Articles

Active self-powered human motion assist system

Harvesting human energy currently occurs to power wearable devices or monitor human signs, these applications make the energy harvester less applicable to and seldom used for assisting human motion. However, there is a high demand for using such collected energy with the assistance of human motion. This paper presents a novel energy harvester that is designed to collect negative work, assist human motion, and realize self-powering. An active self-powered human motion assist system (HMAS) is developed. The system consists of a human motion assist device, a flexible rack, an electronic circuit module, and a supercapacitor. The HMAS can collect negative work from the human body, provide the user with additional motion assistance, and reduce stamina consumption. A series of experiments verify that HMAS has a high negative work collection power and a high energy conversion efficiency. The average output power is 0.93 W measured by the negative work collection test bed at a simulated knee bend angle of 40° and a frequency of 2 Hz. The energy conversion efficiency is up to 48.2%. Human motion assistance experiments verify that HMAS can provide volunteers with up to 2.57% assisting moment and minimize the metabolic cost of volunteers by 6.07% compared to without wearing HMAS. This research work is proposed to contribute to the development of active self-powered exoskeleton technology. This technology can be practically applied in the fields of rehabilitation therapy, logistics transportation, and military combat.

미래 환경 변화에 부합된 해군 국방인력구조 혁신방향

In this study, the direction of innovation in the Navy defense workforce structure was suggested by optimizing the size of the Navy defense workforce, improving the manpower structure in the field of combat and combat support, and elaborating the manpower planning system. First, it is necessary to expand the size of the officer/NCO corps and adjust the size of the enlisted person in the long term in order to solve decease of military service resources for the future. Second, the manpower of warships, which are crucial for combat activities in the Navy, should be expanded, meanwhile the usage of military civil service members should be expanded from non-combat area to combat support area. Third, it is required to promote measures to refine the manpower planning system, such as the establishment of an ‘organization/workforce department’ and the prepare and use ‘Navy Defense Workforce Structure Plan’.

PREFACE: International Collaborative Conference of Modern Agricultural Technologies-2023 (ICCMAT-2023)

The ICCMAT-2023 conference intends to bring together junior and senior, international and national researchers, scientists and scholars interesting in the field of water harvesting and desertification combat. We think the conference offered an excellent opportunity for networking with other members and exchange knowledge and explore the most recent developments in the Agriculture & Food Sciences, Field Crops, Soil Science, Plant Protection, Horticulture Sciences, Animal Production, Biodiversity & Conservation, Biotechnology & genetic engineering, Agricultural Environment, Water and Hydrology, Desertification & Water Resources, Climate & Ecology, Environmental Engineering & Sustainability, Green Technology, Natural Resources, Policy, Socioeconomics & Law, Pollution, Geology and Geography. ICCMAT-2023 was a prestigious event organized by the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar in collaboration with College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, in cooperation with the College ofAgricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University and College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk with a motivation to provide an excellent international platform for academicians, researchers, engineers, industrial participants and budding students around the world to share their research results with the global experts. We cordially invited participants from all over the world who wish to share their best practices and research findings in ICCMAT-2023 and enlighten their new ideas to make this event growing from strength to strength.Participants were offered the opportunity to contribute to the conference in various roles: they can discuss keynotes, produce a poster presentation and submit full research or review articles. Articles submitted to the conference should report original high-quality and previously unpublished results. Submission of a manuscript implies that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submitted articles were subjected to a double-blind peer-review process. Novelty, relevancy, language standards, references, and many other factors are considered for the evaluation process. The conference nominated Prof. Dr. Khan B. Marwat (University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan), Prof. Dr. Khaleel Jawasreh (Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid -Jordan), and Prof .Dr. Farhang Fatehi (Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran) as keynote speakers. ICCMAT-2023 was held basically via physical attendance (In-person) for two days 3rd - 4th May 2023 at Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq. Each participant had approximately 10 minutes to view the most important findings of his/her research, and 5 minutes to discuss these results.List of Peer review statement, Committees (ICCMAT-2023) are available in this Pdf.

Unexpected efficient one-pot synthesis, DFT calculations, and docking study of new 4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives predicted to target SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

A series of new heterocyclic systems derivatives of coumarin were prepared, and their chemical structures were well confirmed by 1H/13C NMR analyses. On the other hand, Spike-RDB protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus is one of the most crucial investigated targets in the field of combat against Covid-19 pandemic, due to its decisive role in the infection process by facilitating viral entry into the human host cells. In this context, Molecular docking experiments were carried out to identify the possible binding affinity of the synthesized compounds in the binding domain of Omicron S-RBD–hACE2 complex. The outputs revealed that some compounds showed highest binding affinities even than the control drugs used in this study. It was found that certain crucial residues like Glu37, His34, and Lys353, responsible for the binding of the spike protein to its hACE2 receptor, established significant hydrogen and electrostatic interactions with the ligands.

Preface

Peer review statement We are the editorial board of the 2nd International Scientific Conference of Water- 2023 (ISCW-2023) declared that all papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing, and accepted based on the reviewers’ comments in the double-blind peer review process. Each referee’s report was judged by at least one editor, to give the final decision. PREFACE: 2nd International Scientific Conference of Water- 2023 (ISCW-2023) The ISCW-2023 conference intends to bring together junior and senior, international and national researchers, scientists and scholars interesting in the field of water harvesting and desertification combat. We think the conference will offer an excellent opportunity for networking with other members and exchange knowledge and explore the most recent developments in the sustainable development of water resources and ecosystems, management of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, modern techniques for water harvesting and conserving in dry regions, in addition to water quality and biodiversity. ISCW-2023 is a prestigious event organized by the Center of Upper Euphrates Basin Development, University of Anbar, with a motivation to provide an excellent international platform for academicians, researchers, engineers, industrial participants and budding students around the world to share their research results with the global experts. We cordially invited participants from all over the world who wish to share their best practices and research findings in ISCW-2023 and enlighten their new ideas to make this event growing from strength to strength.Participants will be offered the opportunity to contribute to the conference in various roles: they can discuss keynotes, produce a poster presentation and submit full research or review articles. Articles submitted to the conference should report original high-quality and previously unpublished results. Submission of a manuscript implies that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submitted articles will be subjected to a double-blind peer-review process. Novelty, relevancy, language standards, references, and many other factors are considered for the evaluation process. The conference nominated Prof. Nadhir Al-Ansari (Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Arab Open Academy in Denmark), Prof. Dr. Cj (Coen) (Ristsema Chairholder Soil Physics and Land Management, Washington University & Research), and Dr. Mohamed Ouessar (Applied Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Eremology and Combating Desertification, Arid Zone Research Institute) as keynote speakers. ISCW-2023 will be held basically via physical attendance (In-person) for two days 15th - 16th March 2023 in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq. Each participant will be given approximately 10 minutes to view the most important findings of his/her research, and 5 minutes to discuss these results. Sincerely yours, Prof. Dr. Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture / University of Anbar / Anbar / IRAQ Editor-in-chief /ISCW-2023 List of Committees (ISCW-2023) are available in the pdf.

Node importance evaluation in multi-platform avionics architecture based on TOPSIS and PageRank

With the development of avionics industry, it is difficult for traditional combat equipment node evaluation method to meet our requirements under complex combat system. This paper presents a method of node importance evaluation which is suitable for modern avionics field and can be used for reference in other combat fields. In order to make better use of the different features of the node itself and the different connections between nodes, we use TOPSIS algorithm to model the characteristics of the node itself, and PageRank to measure the interdependence of all nodes. Therefore, a novel node contribution evaluation algorithm based on TOPSIS and PageRank is proposed in this paper. In addition, after the evaluation of node contribution, we found that there was also a functional relationship between the operational information entropy in the whole graph and the contribution of these nodes. On this basis, information entropy evaluation algorithm of the overall combat map is further proposed. After a lot of experiments, the reliability of our algorithm is evaluated on the indexes of the node's destruction-resistant performance and information transfer efficiency. Compared with the traditional universal algorithm, our proposed algorithm shows more interpretable and robust results in the field of avionics.

Manager as a subject of public management in the field of corruption prevention and combat

Manager as a subject of public management in the field of corruption prevention and combat

Horses in Andalusia

This brief research was devoted to studying a topic that the researchers did not cover much, as the historical sources did not provide us with sufficient information about horses in Andalusia. The Andalusian environment had an important role in the revival of horse breeding, as the abundance of grasses, the presence of forests, the different surfaces and climate in Andalusia, and the Andalusian society’s desire to practice agriculture and animal husbandry, all of this was a motive for Andalusia to have many pastoral areas that helped in raising animals such as horses, mules and donkeys, and it flourished. The livestock boom greatly contributed to the Andalusian economy and its development. The presence of the appropriate environment and the abundance of pastures in Andalusia led to the prosperity of horse breeding and its uniqueness with special specifications and distinctive capabilities that distinguished it from the rest of the Arab horses. Its uses have varied, especially in the fields of war and combat, the preservation of the country and the control of security. It is inevitable and unavoidable, which the rulers of Spain were aware of. So, rulers imposed a severe restriction, accompanied by the imposition of a heavy tax on the trade of horses and mules, especially those entering Islamic cities, and they were keen that the horses would not fall into the hands of Muslims, for fear that they would be used for military purposes and to carry out military operations against the Christian kingdoms. The study was organized with an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first topic bore the title of the Andalusian environment and its impact on horse breeding, devoted to explaining the role of the Andalusian environment in horse breeding, with reference to the types of horses and the diseases that affect them. The joints of public life and its role in peace, war, gifts and diplomatic missions. Finally, the conclusion embodies the most prominent findings of the study, relying on the descriptive historical method, and analyzing what can be analyzed.

The application of forward psychiatry among Malaysian soldiers on battlefield: Case Series

Introduction: The forward psychiatry practice in the combat field has proven effective in reducing the attrition rates due to combat and operational stress of the service members. The concept has evolved over the years with the same objective to conserve the fighting troops' strength and minimize the incident rates of post-traumatic stress disorder among the soldiers. The Combat and Operational Stress Reaction (COSR) team has been deployed to the conflict zone and applied the forward psychiatry principles to the troops on the battlefield. Case Series: Here, we presented 3 case series of service members that were attended by the COSR team during their deployment on the frontline. First, a serviceman presented with late recognition of acute stress symptoms following active combat duty with poor support from his unit. Second, a combat engineer presented with anxiety and somatic symptoms after combat duty; third, a combat radio operator with early detection of acute stress symptoms by his unit commander. Results: In the first case, the patient's psychological condition deteriorated, requiring frequent sedation and transfer to a military tertiary hospital. In the second and third cases, both patients improved and returned to their duties with individualized psychotherapy and relaxation techniques. Conclusion: Early detection of the symptoms and intervention based on the principles of forward psychiatry in active combat zone facilitate service members' return to function and reduce complications and morbidity to their psychological health. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 23(8) August, 2022; 1-11.

Between Fight and Theatrical Performance: Conceptual Metaphors of Positionality in Communication about Cooperative Religious Education in Germany

Whereas previous research has focused on religious education (RE), teachers’ religious attitudes, and personal religiosity, no studies to date have examined their experiences or discussion of positionality in a RE setting. The denominational-cooperative model of RE serves as a specific opportunity for such research since common denominational RE is a setting where denominational positionality seems to be an obvious factor beyond debate. Based on the analysis of RE teachers’ conversations on cooperative RE in Germany, the paper presents results of qualitative research into the conceptual metaphors of positionality and taking a position. In the analysis we found a consistent framing of experiences of positionality under three major conceptual metaphors with their source domains allocated to the semantic fields of motion, physical combat, and theatrical play. Since conceptual metaphors are assumed to stem from embodied experiences, to structure human thought, and can be found in language, the discussion of the data deals with the impression that these conceptual metaphors shape the RE teachers’ agency, i.e., the way they teach in the denominational-cooperative religious education classroom.

Generalization strategy design of UAVs pursuit evasion game based on DDPG

UAVs pursuit evasion game is a research hotspot in the field of air combat. Traditional solutions have many limitations to this problem, such as the difficulty of the model to adapt to complex dynamic environments to quickly make decisions, and the poor generalization of different mission scenarios. Based on the DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient) algorithm, a mathematical model of UAVs pursuit and evasion countermeasures is established in this paper. On this basis, this research designs a variety of countermaneuver strategies for escaping UAV, and uses the training method of course learning ideas. In the training process, the intelligence of the escaping UAV is gradually improved, so as to progressively train the confrontation strategy of the chasing UAV. The simulation results show that compared with direct training, the pursuit strategy of the chasing UAV trained by the research method of course learning can converge faster, and can better perform the hunting mission of enemy aircraft, and can be applied to a variety of enemy aircraft with a variety of maneuvering strategies, which effectively improved the generalization of the UAV′s pursuit and escape confrontation decision model.

A Study on the Economical Design of Protection Facilities through EXPLOSION TEST and Simulation

Purpose: In this study, the possibility of economical design of a protective structure was presented based on explosion test data and computer simulation results on the safety of both a building and human bodies for the combat training building. Method: A training facility was built for soldiers to experience the vibration, pressure, and noise generated inside the building due to the explosion of the TNT. In the explosion proof test, 9lb of TNT, equivalent to the weight of a 4.2-inch mortar shell, was detonated in four places around the building, including the roof of the training building, the door, and the outside of the wall to determine the damage. Vibration, pressure and noise transmitted into the building were measured. After the explosion test, the damage to the building was examined through a rebound hardness test and visual inspection, and the impact on the human body was estimated by measuring the pressure at three spots inside the building. Afterwards, computer modeling and simulation was performed using High Explosion Damage & Injury Assessment Model(HExDAM) and simulation results were com-pared with explosion test measurements. Results: As a result of inspecting the structural damage of the building, there was no significant displacement of the structure and it was determined that there was no problem in using the building. The compressive strength of concrete was observed through Schmidt hammer, it showed 96% of the strength compared to the design strength(30MPa). The pressure inside the building was measured in the range between 0.063 and 0.488 kPa, which is a very small value that is harmless to the human body. According to computer simulation, the internal pressure increased as the wall thickness decreased. However, even if the wall thickness was reduced, the pressure delivered to the inside did not increase significantly, and it was still found to be harmless to the human body. Conclusion: Through the explosion test, it was confirmed that the structure and personnel inside the training building for combat field experience were safe enough against the explosive power of a 4.2-inch mortar shell. Computer simulations showed that there is room for reducing the thickness of the wall of the building, and the necessity of economical design was suggested by using computer simulation for designing protection facilities and military facilities.

Animal model of repeated low-level blast traumatic brain injury displays acute and chronic neurobehavioral and neuropathological changes

Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is not only a signature injury to soldiers in combat field and training facilities but may also a growing concern in civilian population due to recent increases in the use of improvised explosives by insurgent groups. Unlike moderate or severe BINT, repeated low-level blast (rLLB) is different in its etiology as well as pathology. Due to the constant use of heavy weaponry as part of combat readiness, rLLB usually occurs in service members undergoing training as part of combat readiness. rLLB does not display overt pathological symptoms; however, earlier studies report chronic neurocognitive changes such as altered mood, irritability, and aggressive behavior, all of which may be caused by subtle neuropathological manifestations. Current animal models of rLLB for investigation of neurobehavioral and neuropathological alterations have not been adequate and do not sufficiently represent rLLB conditions. Here, we developed a rat model of rLLB by applying controlled low-level blast pressures (<10 psi) repeated successively five times to mimic the pressures experienced by service members. Using this model, we assessed anxiety-like symptoms, motor coordination, and short-term memory as a function of time. We also examined levels of superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase, microglial activation, and reactive astrocytosis as factors likely contributing to these neurobehavioral changes. Animals exposed to rLLB displayed acute and chronic anxiety-like symptoms, motor and short-term memory impairments. These changes were paralleled by increased microglial activation and reactive astrocytosis. Conversely, animals exposed to a single low-level blast did not display significant changes. Collectively, this study demonstrates that, unlike a single low-level blast, rLLB exerts a cumulative impact on different brain regions and produces chronic neuropathological changes in so doing, may be responsible for neurobehavioral alterations.

Preface

The ICDS conference intends to bring together junior and senior, international and national researchers, scientists and scholars interesting in the field of desertification combat and water harvesting in desert regions. We think the conference will offer an excellent opportunity for networking with other members and exchange knowledge and explore the most recent developments in the desertification combat such as Water Resources Management in Desert Regions, Ecosystem and Biodiversity of Desert, Geology and Remote Sensing for Combating Desertification, Recent Agricultural Techniques Serving in Desert Soil Management, and Desert Regions Exploitation for Agricultural Production Regards.ICDS-2021 is a prestigious event organized by the Center of Desert Studies in cooperation with the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, with a motivation to provide an excellent international platform for academicians, researchers, engineers, industrial participants and budding students around the world to share their research results with the global experts. We cordially invited participants from all over the world who wish to share their best practices and research findings in ICDS-2021 and enlighten their new ideas to make this event growing from strength to strength.Participants will be offered the opportunity to contribute to the conference in various roles: they can discuss keynotes, produce a poster presentation and submit full research or review articles. Articles submitted to the conference should report original high-quality and previously unpublished results. Submission of a manuscript implies that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submitted articles will be subjected to a double-blind peer-review process. Novelty, relevancy, language standards, references, and many other factors are considered for the evaluation process. The conference nominated Prof. Dr. Prof. Dr. Amir Ibrahim (College of Agriculture & Life Science Texas A&M University, U.S.), Prof. Dr. Medhat M. Elsahookie (College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq), and Prof. Dr. Wadid Erian (Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt) as keynote speakers.ICDS-2021 will be held basically via physical attendance (In-person) for two days 17-18 November, 2021 in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq. Each participant will be given approximately 10 minutes to view the most important findings of his/her research, and 5 minutes to discuss these results.Sincerely yours,Prof. Dr. Nihad Mohammed AboudDirector of the Center of Desert Studies/University of AnbarThe Chairman of ICDS-2021List of Committees (ICDS-2021) are available in this pdf.

Christianity and War in Medieval East Central Europe and Scandinavia

<i>Christianity and War in Medieval East Central Europe and Scandinavia</i>

Augmented Reality of 3D Content Application in Common Operational Picture Training System for Army

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to discuss how to improve the ways the Taiwanese Ground Forces use the common operational picture (COP) for training to improve the efficacy of tactical training and understanding of the combat field. Augmented Reality (AR) has made huge progress in the past decade and is widely applied in education, industrial sector, medical industry, military industry. More attention is focused on training simulations for soldiers and improving battlefield perception systems. The application of AR in tactical training is still an emerging realm of research but has a huge potential. Related studies have shown the application and technical limitations of AR technology in the military field. Then, using a user-oriented research method, a tactical training system based on 3D augmented reality is proposed and constructs a system prototype to combine virtual information with the real environment and provide the advantages of intuition, interaction, and information visualization. The experiment had an experimental group and control group, and an independent sample “t” was tested for evaluation and comparison. The experimental results show that the understanding of battlefield situations and tactical actions in the AR-based tactical teaching system has changed significantly. The system prototype and experimental content provide useful contributions to the tactical teaching of the Army Academy, and it can be used as a reference for the development of AR in future military applications.

A Study on the Relative Importance of Survivability Determinant in the Intelligent Warrior Platform by Using AHP Method

The intelligent control algorithm based on the real-time biological monitoring system has been emphasized to enhance the survivability of the combat warrior in the future combat fields. In this study, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was deployed to categorize the factors related to the improvement of survivability, then to determine the relative importances between them. As the details of the research process, the historical survivability determinants were firstly categorized, which was nextly judged their relative importance by the experts in the actual fileds through the survey of AHP. In this process, the consistency of the survey was investigated to filter out the error. As a result, the global priority of factors can be acquired to establish the optimized operational concepts in the intelligent warrior platform. Keywords: Intelligent Warrior Platform, AHP, Survivability Determinant, Relative Importance Keywords: ì¸í ”ë¦¬ì „íŠ¸ì›Œë¦¬ì–´í”Œëž«í¼, ê³„ì¸µì ì˜ì‚¬ê²°ì •ë²•, ìƒì¡´ì„±ê²°ì •ì¸ìž, ìƒëŒ€ì ì¤‘ìš”ë„

Review of psychological trauma: theory, practice, policy and research.

We present a concise state-of-the-art review of psychological trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for mental health practitioners. This article is also set to present the nature of traumatic incidents, their common presentation, their disruptions to normal psychological and biological functioning, and the negative health care impact of untreated incidents. Originally, the trauma response to extreme life events and PTSD was conceptualized as normal responses to overwhelming situations. However, in the last few years, there has been an increase in the acceptance of the idea that exposure to a traumatic situation/stimulus may not be sufficient to explain the development of PTSD. In addition, the individual vulnerability factors play a significant role in understanding this condition. In principle, this paper also focuses on the associative relationship between social support and psychological trauma because of methodological review. Hence, due to the paucity of such types of studies, this review starts with the findings and different aspects considered on the nature of social support, and then the general outcomes of this association. Furthermore, the relationship between support and human physiology is also presented. To further strengthen the objectives in review, the methodological issues and limitations are discussed in each section. Finally, this review article concludes the evaluation of the research specific to psychological trauma and social support in the field of combat, sexual abuse, and battering.

General Theoretical Issues of Improving Private Forensic Methods In The Field Of Combat Against Cybercrime

This article critically examines the problems and gaps that arise in national legislation and law enforcement practice in the fight against cybercrime. Scientifically grounded ways and means of their overcoming are theoretically analyzed. In this regard, proposals and recommendations were developed for the development of private criminology methodologies for the development of the theory of forensic science.&#x0D; The article was prepared with the views of theorists and practitioners, as well as technical research which were based on scientific and practical research in the field of countering cybercrime.&#x0D; The study analyzes a number of proprietary forensic methods that serve to improve the effectiveness of investigative actions in the fight against cybercrime. National legislation, investigative and judicial practice, international prominent practices were studied, and their achievements and drawbacks were substantiated on the basis of the author's conclusions. Based on this, the most favorable directions for combating these crimes in Uzbekistan were selected.&#x0D; The article provides a systematic, legal, scientific and methodological analysis of problems in this area and the author's conclusions on this matter. At the same time, the role and importance of advanced foreign experience and international standards in improving national legislation and ensuring the implementation of the tasks set in the State Program are emphasized. In addition, the concepts of "electronic evidence" and "digital evidence" were scientifically analyzed. Their content and technical features are scientifically and theoretically substantiated.

Digital Twin-Enabled Online Battlefield Learning with Random Finite Sets.

The digital twin is becoming the most promising emerging technology in the field of unmanned combat and has the potential to innovate future combat styles. Online battlefield learning is one of the key technologies for supporting the successful application of digital twin in unmanned combat. Since there is an urgent need for effective algorithms for online learning the battlefield states in real time, a new random finite set- (RFS-) based algorithm is proposed in the presence of detection uncertainty including clutters, missed detection, and noises. The system architecture and operational mode for implementing the digital twin-enabled online battlefield learning are provided. The unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is employed as the experimental subject for systematically describing the proposed algorithm. The system architecture for implementing the digital twin-enabled online battlefield learning is firstly given, and its operational mode is also described in detail. The RFS-based digital twin models including the battlefield state model, UGV motion model, and sensor model are designed. The Bayesian inference is adopted, and the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is modified to implement the online learning process. At last, a group of experiments are conducted to verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The research work in this paper will provide a good demonstration of the application of digital twin in unmanned combat.