Color Figures Research Articles

Three newly recorded Nola species in Laos (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae)

The paper contains the diagnosis of Nola erythrostigmata species-group of Laotian species. Color figures of adults and genitalia of the examined species are provided.

Ultracool Dwarf Absolute Magnitude Versus Spectral Type Relations for Euclid and Roman Near-infrared Filters

We synthesize Euclid Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer photometry for the Y E J E H E filters and Roman Wide Field Instrument photometry for the F106, F129, F146, F158, F184 and F213 filters using SpeX prism spectra and parallaxes of 688 field-age and 151 young (≲200 Myr) ultracool dwarfs (spectral types M6–T9). For the above filters, we derive empirical absolute magnitude-spectral type polynomial relations that enable the calculation of photometric distances for ultracool dwarfs to be observed with Euclid and Roman, in the absence of parallax measurements. The synthesized photometry can also be used to generate color–color figures to distinguish high-redshift galaxies from brown dwarf interlopers.

Towards urban energy sustainability and resiliency through smart agriculture and effective renewable resource allocation

Urban energy sustainability and resiliency are paramount in addressing the challenges of modern urbanization. This paper introduces a novel framework that seamlessly integrates smart agriculture practices with an effective renewable resource allocation strategy to optimize energy utilization in urban and suburban areas. The optimization models employ a Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm, providing a dynamic and adaptive approach to fine-tune system parameters. The results, presented through numeric tables and colorful figures, showcase optimized agricultural production levels, renewable resource utilization, and the impact of specific factors and parameters on algorithmic performance. Notably, the study reveals the intricate balance achieved through the integration of smart agriculture and renewable energy, offering actionable insights for sustainable urban development. The visualizations not only enhance result comprehension but also serve as powerful tools for effective communication. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on urban energy sustainability, providing a systematic approach for future investigations at the intersection of agriculture, renewable energy, and optimization algorithms.

Resurrection of Perilimnastes (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) with description of a new species P.nana.

Recent research has indicated that the Phyllagathis (raphides) clade (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) is only distantly related to the type of Phyllagathis and should be separated as a distinct genus. Phylogeny of this clade is here reconstructed with expanded taxon sampling. Four strongly supported subclades have been identified. The possible affinities of taxa that were not sampled in the analysis are discussed, based on morphological data. Perilimnastes is resurrected as the generic name of the Phyllagathis (raphides) clade. A generic description, colour figures, map of distribution, a list of included species and a key are provided for Perilimnastes. Fifteen new combinations are made plus the description of a new species. As interpreted here, Perilimnastes consists of twenty species and two varieties.

The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter.

Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.

Narrative structure of Boris Zhytkov’s novel “Viktor Vavich”

The purpose of this article is to analyze the narrative structure of B. Zhytkov's novel «Viktor Vavіch» (1926-1931, published in 1999). The relevance of the study is due to the fact that narratological analysis is a promising area of modern philological science, but the narrative characteristics of B. Zhytkov's novel are almost never revealed in literary studies of the text. The author proposes to use the model of communicative instances and points of view of W. Schmid, to clarify the relationship between the narrative structure and the novel's problems, narrative factors of characterization, etc. It is proved that the novel is based on a complex polyperceptual composition, in which the narrator's colorful figure is almost not revealed, who remains as if outside the text, allowing his characters to present their worldview almost independently. The author examines the figure of the titular character Viktor Vavich and how his image is constructed by narrative means. It is proved that the structure of consciousness represented by Viktor Vavich is dual and incorporates both the hero's own consciousness and the imaginary image of the external other constructed by him, which subjects him to critical evaluation. This duality of self-perception is characteristic of several characters in the text, but only in the case of Vavich does it become a psychological dominant that ultimately destroys his personality and leads him to decline and death. It has been shown that despite the polyperceptual composition and the unidentified narrator, there is a monologic organizing principle in the text, which is manifested through the functioning of a rather uniform and stable motivic system that is realized through different perceptual instances. In this way, the text forms an imaginary dialogue between two instances: a monological intention that exists in the categories of its own ideology and a polyphony of consciousnesses that do not have a colored narrator figure to give them any ideological assessment.

Ultracool Dwarf Absolute Magnitude versus Spectral Type Relations for JWST NIRCam Filters

We synthesize JWST NIRCam photometry for a range of narrow, medium, and wide filters using SpeX prism spectra and parallaxes of 688 field-age and 151 young (≲200 Myr) ultracool dwarfs (spectral types M6–T9). We derive absolute magnitude-spectral type polynomial relations for the F164N, F187N, and F212N narrow filters; the F140M, F162M, F182M, and F210M medium filters; and the F115W, F150W, and F200W wide filters. Our relations enable the calculation of photometric distances for ultracool dwarfs observed with JWST in the absence of parallax measurements. Additionally, using the synthesized photometry to generate color–color figures can help distinguish high-redshift galaxies from brown dwarf interlopers.

Eneasz Sylwiusz Piccolomini i kobiety

The hero of this text is one of the most colorful figures of the 15th century. His life and career were extremely rich and full of unexpected turns. The descendant of an old aristocratic family had seventeen siblings, studied in Siena and Florence, and then became secretary to Cardinal Domenico Capranica. He was not characterized by steadiness of views, first a supporter of the superiority of the council over the pope, with time he changed his mind and recognized the primacy of the popes. An important step was entering the service of the Reich King Frederick III, but then he turned towards the Church, was ordained a minor priest, in 1456 he became a cardinal, and the crowning of his career was the election of the pope in 1458, where he took the name Pius II. The content of the text are 3 episodes from Piccolomini’s life related to 3 women. They were, in order: the wife of the King of Hungary and the Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg, Barbara of Cilesia, Joan of Arc, whose fascinating portrait was sketched by Aeneas in his „Memoirs”, and a certain woman whose interesting fate he heard as the pope during the audience. All three images show the author as a good observer and an outstanding humanist.

Ink Colors as Additional Stimuli in Digit Span Test: A Theoretical Approach

Part of the people around us have been proven to own synesthesia, a fascinating ability to experience two or more kinds of sensual feeling when only stimulated by one kind of sense organ. The author as synesthetes will detect some unique color when seeing every single figure. This article will discuss whether this connection between color and figure can help common people get a better memory of numeric strings. The participant will be asked to do some basic arithmetic drills which are written in figures with different colors. Then the digit span test will be operated in three different forms. That is the numeric string whose figures are all in black for the first; a one-to-one correspondence between colors and numbers for the second. This one-to-one correspondence should be in the same regulation as the arithmetic drill. The third one would be those colorful figures with a different congruent relationship to that in the arithmetic drills. The result will be recorded to show will the extra color signal influence the memory.

‘I doe not find him, howsoever our great Enemy, to have deserved such an end’: Reactions to the Assassination of Albrecht von Wallenstein, c.1634–1700

Abstract Albrecht von Wallenstein was one of the most colourful and controversial figures of the Thirty Years War, and his dismissal by the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II and eventual assassination was one of the most talked about events of the conflict. This article examines how the downfall of the imperial generalissimo and massacre of his subordinate officers at Eger, in Bohemia, were viewed and reported across Europe at various pro- and anti-Habsburg courts. In addition to assessing how Wallenstein’s demise was discussed in diplomatic circles, the article addresses how the events at Eger were portrayed in newsprint published in the German states as well as further afield in Sweden, England and the Italian states. An examination of political and private correspondence, as well as a comparison of news publications from across the continent, provides valuable insight into how information and intelligence were collected and disseminated throughout early modern Europe. By examining the depiction of Wallenstein’s downfall in the arts, such as poetry and stage plays in various European cities in the immediate aftermath of the assassination and in the mid- and later 1630s, it is also possible to determine what information had been received in different locations at different times. The final section of the article addresses how Wallenstein’s reputation had changed by the end of the seventeenth century, with the result that he was almost universally regarded as a notorious rebel and would-be regicide.

A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1

A taxonomic treatment is presented for the violets (Violaceae) confirmed in the range described in the second edition of Gleason and Cronquist's Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, in advance of the new treatment of this manual that is in preparation. Recent field, herbarium, and laboratory investigations of eastern North America's violet flora by the author and students have reexamined eastern North American violet taxa and utilized multiple sources of evidence filtered through modern species concepts to delimit taxa and assign appropriate taxonomic rank. Results have led to the recognition of 58 native and eight introduced species, one subspecies, one variety and one form, 10 informal variants, and 113 wild hybrids in our region, representing the genera Cubelium, Pombalia, and Viola. In Viola, two new species are described and three new combinations are made (one to species rank, one to subspecies, and one to forma), and eight names are typified. Viola taxa are distributed across five sections and nine subsections and are representative of most of the infrageneric taxonomic diversity in North America overall. Anomalous variants in Viola emarginata, Viola palmata, Viola septentrionalis, and Viola sororia currently lack sufficient information for taxonomic decisions but are presented to encourage study, collection, and documentation. Six potential taxa occur adjacent to or very near our region and may eventually be discovered in our area; they are included in the keys and briefly described with figures. The treatment includes introductory text, dichotomous keys, synonymy with some type information, detailed descriptions, and other information, as well as color figures of habit and plant structures and US county-level geographic distribution maps for nearly all included taxa.

Corrigendum

Corrigendum

Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the first comprehensive revision of the Afrotropical genus Delorhachis Karsch, 1896. Through the utilisation of integrative taxonomic methods (external morphology, dissections of genitalia and DNA barcoding), we distinguish five species groups within the genus and herein describe 11 new species and one new subspecies: D. meyi sp. nov., D. nimbaensis sp. nov., D. pallidifascia sp. nov., D. parvinota sp. nov., D. smithi sp. nov., D. wetzelae sp. nov., D. wetzelae shambaa ssp. nov., D. manuelae sp. nov., D. tommasoi sp. nov., D. bakossi sp. nov., D. baaka sp. nov., and D. zambica sp. nov. We also remove D. charopa Bethune-Baker, 1909 stat. rev. from synonymy with D. viridiplaga Karsch, 1896. Several new taxonomic combinations are proposed: Chrysamma syntomoctena Tams, 1929 is transferred to Delorhachis (D. syntomoctena (Tams, 1929) comb. nov.) and Delorhachis amator Hering, 1928, D. amica Hering, 1928 and D. purpurea Hering, 1928 are transferred to Miresa (M. amator (Hering, 1928) comb. nov., M. amica (Hering, 1928) comb. nov., and M. purpurea (Hering, 1928) comb. nov.). Delorhachis schultzei Aurivillius, 1905 is synonymised with Hilipoda gravidipes Karsch, 1896 syn. nov. Miresa strigivena Hampson, 1910 is synonymised with D. nigrivenosa Karsch, 1896 syn. nov. Delorhachis denisae Dufrane, 1945 and Chrysamma erythrochrysa Tams, 1929 are synonymised with M. purpurea syn. nov. The females of D. viridiplaga and D. charopa and the male of D. chlorodaedala Tams, 1929 are described and illustrated for the first time. DNA barcodes were obtained for 55 specimens representing 14 taxa, and analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches; a tree resulting from the latter is provided. Pairwise distances of barcodes between taxa are provided where available. The adults and genitalia of all taxa, their habitats and distribution are illustrated in 182 colour figures and five distribution maps. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0DED3725-84D8-4F0B-9219-F0EB25671194

Classical Recombinant DNA Cloning.

Traditional molecular cloning involves a series of linked experimental steps performed with the overall goal of isolating ("cloning") a specific DNA sequence-often a gene. The main purpose of cloning is to study either that DNA sequence or the RNA or protein product it encodes. Building on key enzymatic discoveries in the late 1960s, gene cloning was pioneered in the early 1970s. Since then, DNA cloning and manipulation have been used in every area of biological and biomedical research, from molecular genetics, structural biology, and developmental biology to neurobiology, ancient DNA studies, and immunology. It is a versatile technique that can be applied to a variety of starting DNA types and lengths, including cDNAs, genes, gene fragments, chromosomal regions, or shorter fragments such as PCR products and functional control regions such as enhancers or promoters. The starting DNA can originate from any cell, tissue, or organism. In this chapter we will cover traditional ("classic") molecular cloning strategy. This comprises six linked stages in which (1) PCR is used to amplify a DNA region of interest that is then (2) digested with restriction enzymes, alongside a selected vector, to produce complementary ends crucial for the two molecules to be (3) ligated by an ATP-dependent DNA ligase, creating a recombinant DNA molecule. The recombinant DNA is then (4) introduced into competent bacterial cells by transformation and (5) grown on a selective agar media, followed by (6) colony-PCR for screening purposes. We provide a worked example to demonstrate the cloning of an average-size gene (in this case the 2kb DNA ligase A gene) from E. coli into a common plasmid expression vector. We have included six color figures and two tables to depict the key stages of a classical molecular cloning protocol. If you are cloning a segment of DNA or a gene, remember that each DNA cloning experiment is unique in terms of sequence, length, and experimental purpose. However, the principles of traditional cloning covered in this chapter are the same for any DNA sequence; we have included a detailed notes section, so you should easily be able to transfer them to your own work. Some of the following chapters in this volume will cover other, more recently developed, cloning protocols.

Stanisław Stroński jako wybitny polski parlamentarzysta w sejmach II Rzeczypospolitej (1922–1935)

This article presents the profile of Stanisław Stroński – a well-known member of several terms of the Inter-War Sejm and press publisher (he perfectly combined these two professions, as his journalistic texts echoed the work of a parliamentarian), and Professor of Romance Studies at Jagiellonian University. S. Stroński became known as a colourful and influential figure. He belonged to a group of right-wing leaders and was a leading political opponent of Józef Piłsudski. He took part in the most important debates of his time. He was an activist of the Christian National Party [pol. Stronnictwo Chrześcijańsko-Narodowe], and later of the National Party [pol. Stronnictwo Narodowe]. His numerous sayings (remarks) and the way he conducted parliamentary debates went down in the history of Polish parliamentarism. He was able to argue with his political opponents while delivering a speech without losing the thread. He often used wit, irony and proverbs, and made use of his excellent knowledge of the French language and culture. S. Stroński went down in the history of Polish parliamentarism as an original and uncommon figure.

Show and tell: approaches for effective figures

Show and tell: approaches for effective figures

Alfred Hiatt, ed., Cartography between Christian Europe and the Arabic-Islamic World, 1100–1500: Divergent Traditions, Leiden: Brill, 2021, xiv + 235 pp., 45 color figures, ISBN: 978-9004444911.

Article Alfred Hiatt, ed., Cartography between Christian Europe and the Arabic-Islamic World, 1100–1500: Divergent Traditions, Leiden: Brill, 2021, xiv + 235 pp., 45 color figures, ISBN: 978-9004444911. was published on October 31, 2022 in the journal Der Islam (volume 99, issue 2).

Predators

Predators

On the Character and Causes of Inequality in Latin America

On the Character and Causes of Inequality in Latin America

A review of Leuctridae (Insecta, Plecoptera) in Wuyi Mountains, China.

Wuyi Mountains are located in the northern Oriental Region and the edge of the southern Palaearctic Region. They have a unique geographical location, complex landform and superior climatic conditions, providing a good ecological environment for Leuctridae species. However, due to the damage of some holotypes in the 20th century, limited drawings and lack of colour figures, it is necessary to reorganise and supplement the preserved Leuctridae specimens from Wuyi Mountains. In this study, we found that there are twelve species of Leuctridae recorded in Wuyi Mountains, accounting for about 20% of the recorded species of Leuctridae in China. These records include two genera and five new distribution records species: one species of the genus Paraleuctra Hanson, 1941: Paraleuctraorientalis (Chu 1928) and eleven species of the genus Rhopalopsole Klapálek, 1912, including five new distribution records to Wuyi Mountains: Rhopalopsolefengyangshanensis Yang, Shi & Li, 2009; Rhopalopsolesinensis Yang & Yang, 1993; Rhopalopsoleyangdingi Sivec & Harper, 2008; Rhopalopsoleflata Yang & Yang, 1995; Rhopalopsolebasinigra Yang & Yang, 1995. Now a total of twelve species of Leuctridae have been recorded from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province of south-eastern China. In this paper, we also provide a key to the male, new images and some notes of these twelve species, except Rhopalopsolerecurvispina (Wu, 1949) and Rhopalopsolespiniplatta (Wu, 1949). We failed to collect these two species and we regard R.recurvispina as a nomen dubium, because there are no distinctive features that can be used to distinguish this species.