Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors Research Articles

Dissemination of colorectal cancer information among Hispanic patients and their social network

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) screening decision aids can inform patients about CRC screening benefits, costs, and procedures. Patients who receive the decision aid report wanting to share the information with their families and friends. We evaluated a CRC screening decision aid on Hispanic patients’ communication to their alters and whether patient-alter communication leads to alters’ CRC screening intention.MethodsWe conducted a one-arm pre/post study of Hispanic patients and their alters; patients (n = 42) and their alters (n = 19) were recruited from a clinic site in Yakima County, Washington State. Patients viewed a CRC screening decision aid at the clinic site. Survey data from patients and alters were collected via telephone including patients’ communication with their alters about CRC screening after viewing the decision aid and alters’ intention to be screened for CRC after talking to the patient.ResultsMost participants reported sharing CRC information with their alters after viewing the decision aid, and most alters confirmed they had received CRC information from participants (68%). The decision aid was associated with participants' own intention to undergo CRC screening and with alters' intention to be screened for CRC using a fecal occult blood test (p = 0.014) and sigmoidoscopy (p = 0.011).ConclusionsPatient decision aids have the potential to increase CRC screening behavior beyond the decision aid recipients to their social network.Trial registrationTrials Registration Number: NCT04444232 “Retrospectively registered.”

Communication quality predicts patients’ colorectal cancer screening behavior

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the quality of patient/clinician communication as one potential factor that impacts colorectal cancer screening behavior. As part of a larger randomized controlled trial conducted between 2011 and 2016 in the setting of community and academic family medicine or internal medicine practices in Michigan, USA, patients completed a pre-encounter survey, completed their regularly scheduled visit with their primary care clinician (which was audio-recorded), completed a post-encounter survey, and allowed 6-month follow-up chart audit. We trained 10 coders to rate 216 of the audio-recorded conversations between 216 patients and their primary care physicians for 6 specific features of communication quality (using 7-point scales), including the extent to which participants enacted attention to medical content, engagement, emotional expression, relationships, face, and accommodation. At least 3 coders rated each conversation, and intraclass correlations (i.e., reliability assessment) were in the good to excellent range. We found that patient and clinician attention to face (an identity goal) was a significant predictor of colorectal cancer screening at 6 months follow up. Measuring communication in terms of attention to multiple goals reveals unexpected findings about the aspects of communication that impact colorectal cancer screening behavior. The focus of many interventions to improve colorectal cancer screening rates is on the content (i.e., task goals) of clinicians' communication (such as presenting the different options for screening), yet the content of communication was not a significant predictor of screening in the present study. Rather, clinicians' and patients’ attention to identity goals predicted screening behavior, which suggests that interventions may not need to be overly complex and that simply improving the quality of attention to identity goals in clinician communication might be one of the most straightforward yet impactful ways to improve colorectal cancer screening uptake among patients.

The effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on colorectal cancer screening behaviors

BackgroundColorectal cancer is the second most prevalent cause of death from malignancies globally. The present study was conducted targeting the influence of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on colorectal cancer screening behaviors in people 50 years old and older.MethodsAll 134 samples were included in this quasi-experimental study from Fasa City Health Service Center, equal halves were random into experimental group and control group. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that contained questions on demographic variables, knowledge, and HBM constructs (perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and screening behaviors). Both groups answered the questionnaire before and two months following the intervention. There were six 90-minute instruction sessions for the intervention group. SPSS 22 and descriptive and analytical tests (independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test) were used for data analysis (P < 0.05).Results59 women and 75 men took part in this study. A majority of participants were married and had at least high school diploma. The findings indicated that the mean scores for knowledge, each of the HBM’s constructs, and cancer screening behaviors did not differ significantly from one another before the intervention between the test group and the control group. However, post the intervention, the intervention group exhibited a significant rise in all mentioned dimensions.ConclusionIn light of the outcomes, the application of the HBM on colorectal cancer screening behaviors in people 50 years and older was successful. This approach might serve as a helpful foundation for planning, carrying out, and overseeing colorectal cancer screening programs.

Determination of The Relationship Between Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors and Health Literacy Levels of Individuals

Purpose: To determine the relationship between colorectal cancer screening behaviors and health literacy levels of individuals. Methods: The study had a descriptive and cross-sectional design. It included 332 individuals. The Descriptive Characteristics Form, Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors Form, and Health Literacy Scale were used to collect the study data. Results:It was found that 30.7% had undergone colorectal cancer screening tests and ndividuals with knowledge about colorectal cancer screening tests were more likely to have a screening test. Health Literacy Scale score of individuals was 81.88±23.64, and there was no significant relationship between having a colorectal cancer screening test and the level of health literacy. Conclusions: The rate of knowing and undergoing colorectal cancer screening test for was insufficient, participants had a moderate/limited level of health literacy and there was no significant relationship between having a colorectal cancer screening test and health literacy. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, health literacy, screening tests

Colorectal cancer-related health beliefs and colorectal cancer screening behaviors of adults

Giriş: Bireylerin kolorektal kanser taramalarına katılım oranları düşüktür. Taramalara katılımı engelleyen bireysel ve sosyal faktölerin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Güncel bir halk sağlığı sorununa dikkat çekmek üzere, bu çalışmanın amacı, yetişkin bireylerde kolerektal kanserle ilişkili sağlık inançları ve kolerektal kanser tarama davranışlarını incelemektir. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışma, Çankırı il merkezinde yer alan birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti veren merkezlere Mart-Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında başvuran 50-70 yaş aralığındaki 244 bireyle yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Sosyodemografik Özellikler Bilgi Formu, Kolorektal Kanser Tarama Testlerine Yönelik Bilgi ve Uygulamalar Formu, Kolorektal Kanserden Korunmaya Yönelik Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metotlar, Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis H testi uygulandı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların kolorektal kanser erken tanı ve tarama yöntemlerini bilme ve tarama programlarına katılım oranlarının düşük olduğu, yarısından fazlasının kolorektal kanser tarama testlerini yaptırmayı gerekli görmediği ve yarıya yakınının tarama programlarına katılmayı düşünmediği belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların Kolorektal Kanserden Korunmaya Yönelik Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği alt boyutlarından aldıkları en düşük puan ortalaması sağlık motivasyonu (13,30±3,19), en yüksek puan ortalaması ise duyarlılık (23,06±4,51) alt boyutuna aittir. Katılımcıların kolorektal kanser ile ilişkili sağlık inançları birinci derece yakınlarında kanser ve kolorektal kanser öyküsü olma durumu, kolorektal kanser açısından kendini riskli görme durumu, kolorektal kanser tarama testlerini bilme ve yaptırmayı düşünme durumuna göre farklılaşmaktadır (p&amp;lt;0,05). Sonuç: Elli-yetmiş yaş aralığındaki yetişkin bireylerin kolorektal kanser taramalarına katılım oranları düşüktür. Ancak bireyler taramaya yönlendirildiğinde oranlar artabilir. Sağlık profesyonelleri bireylerin kolorektal kanser taramalarına katılımını önermeli ve taramaların yapıldığı yerler hakkında bilgi vermelidir.

“Shared decision-making” for prostate cancer screening: Is it a marker of quality preventative healthcare?

Background“Shared decision-making” (SDM) is a cornerstone of prostate cancer (PCa) screening guidelines due to tradeoffs between clinical benefits and concerns for over-diagnosis and over-treatment. SDM requires effort by primary-care-providers (PCP) in an often busy clinical setting to understand patient preferences with the backdrop of patient risk factors. We hypothesized that SDM for PCa screening, given its prominence in guidelines and practical challenges, may be associated with quality preventative healthcare in terms of other appropriate cancer screening and encouragement of other preventative health behaviors. MethodsFrom the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 50–75 year old men who underwent PSA screening were assessed for their participation in SDM, PCa and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, and other preventative health behaviors, like vaccination, exercise, and smoking status. Adjusted odds ratio of likelihood of PSA testing as a function of SDM was calculated. Likelihoods of SDM and PSA testing as a function of preventative health behaviors were also calculated. ResultsScreening rates were 62 % for PCa and 88 % for CRC. Rates of SDM were 39.1 % in those with PSA screening, and 16.2 % in those without. Odds of PSA screening were higher when SDM was present (AOR = 2.68). History of colonoscopy was associated with higher odds of SDM (AOR = 1.16) and PSA testing (AOR = 1.94). Health behaviors, like regular exercise, were associated with increased odds of SDM (AOR = 1.14) and PSA testing (AOR = 1.28). History of flu vaccination (AOR = 1.29) and pneumonia vaccination (AOR = 1.19) were associated with higher odds of SDM. Those who received the flu vaccine were also more likely to have PSA testing (AOR = 1.36). Smoking was negatively associated with SDM (AOR = 0.86) and PSA testing (AOR = 0.93). Older age was associated with higher rates of PSA screening (AOR = 1.03, CI = 1.03–1.03). Black men were more likely than white men to have SDM (AOR = 1.6, CI = 1.59 – 1.6) and decreased odds of PSA testing (AOR = 0.94, CI = 0.94 – 0.95). ConclusionsSDM was associated with higher odds of PSA screening, CRC screening, and other appropriate preventative health behaviors. Racial disparities exist in both SDM and PSA screening usage. SDM may be a trackable metric that can lead to wider preference-sensitive care and improved preventative care.

Didactic and narrative persuasion: An experiment to promote colorectal cancer screening.

We tested whether a didactic and a narrative video (i.e. educational content and personal stories versus irrelevant information) could boost colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intention directly and through cognitive predictors of CRC screening behavior. We also tested whether exposure to a story changed participants' affective forecasting, reducing the perception of negative emotions associated with CRC screening (disgust, embarrassment, and fear). The study was conducted online with a between-participants design and recruiting a convenience sample (N = 375). We found that, compared with watching the control video, being exposed to the narrative video about CRC screening was indirectly associated with greater screening intention via vicarious experience and positive attitudes, whereas watching the didactic video was positively associated with CRC screening intention only among participants who had received an invitation letter but did not get screened, and among those yet to receive an invitation to screen. In the latter group, screening intention was boosted through positive attitudes. Our findings do not confirm that stories change affective forecasting, but narration likely fosters messages acceptance through vicarious experience. We also found support for the effectiveness of physicians' recommendations in promoting CRC screening, an intervention that might be effectively administered through a generalized, cost-effective video.

S257 Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors Among US Adults With Depression and Anxiety

S257 Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors Among US Adults With Depression and Anxiety

Association Between Depression and Anxiety Status With Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among US Adults: A Population-Level Study.

Individuals with different mental disorders tend to experience higher rates of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related mortality compared to the general population. Discrepancies in CRC screening behaviors have been suggested as a potential contributing factor to this difference in mortality. However, existing evidence on this topic has been inconclusive and conflicting. This study aims to explore the relationship between mental health status (specifically, depression and/or anxiety) and the uptake of CRC screening. To achieve this, a larger and nationally representative sample from the adult population of the United States was utilized. We employed a cross-sectional approach using data from the 2019-2020 edition of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). The study examined disparities in CRC screening between individuals with self-reported history of depression diagnosis and the general population. Chi-square tests were used for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to adjust for variables such as gender, age, education level, race, comorbidities, healthcare access, smoking status, household income, geographical residence, and insurance status. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. The findings of the study indicated that out of 5,398 eligible individuals, approximately 1,220 (weighted percentage: 22.8%) reported experiencing depression and/or anxiety, and approximately 4,154 (weighted percentage: 68.9%) reported adherence to colorectal cancer screening. In the bivariate analysis, there was no significant difference in participation in colorectal cancer screening between individuals with and without depression and/or anxiety (72.0% vs. 68.0%). Similarly, after adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors, the study found that the odds of participating in colorectal cancer screening did not vary based on an individual's depression status (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.94-1.91, P = 0.05). Individuals with depression participate in colorectal cancer screening at comparable rates to the general population. The findings of this study suggest that factors beyond CRC screening may play significant roles in the higher CRC-associated mortality rate. Therefore, further research is needed to uncover the various mechanisms contributing to the increased cancer-related mortality rates among susceptible populations.

A Community-Based Survey of Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors in Chinese Immigrants Residing in a Major Metropolitan Area.

Colorectal cancer is a common cause of screening preventable death in Chinese immigrants, but colorectal cancer screening rates remain low in this population. This study evaluated factors associated with colorectal cancer screening behaviors in Chinese Americans living in New York City. Participants were foreign-born Chinese Americans, aged 50 years or older, who completed internet surveys between November 2020 and May 2021 regarding their colorectal cancer screening behaviors. Data were collected on demographics, health care utilization, participants' levels of health literacy, English proficiency, colorectal cancer perceptions and current colorectal cancer screening behaviors. Bivariate analyses using chi-square or t-tests were performed to examine associations between colorectal cancer screening behaviors and participant characteristics. 103 participants were surveyed with a mean age of 71.3 years. Most participants experienced high rates of socioeconomic disadvantage (i.e., less than a high school education, annual household income <$20,000, limited health literacy, and poor English proficiency). 92% were ever screened, 81% were up-to-date on screening, and 85% expressed intention to screen in the future. Almost all participants had a primary care provider and a language concordant provider. Individuals who intended to screen were more fearful of developing colorectal cancer (3.2 vs 2.8, p=0.02) and perceived a colorectal cancer diagnosis with greater severity (3.0 vs 2.7, p=0.07) than those without intention to screen. In our sample, Chinese immigrants were adversely impacted by multiple social determinants of health but reported high colorectal cancer screening rates. Community-based outreach is critical to ensuring cancer-screening engagement in medically vulnerable populations.

Effective Recruitment Strategies Utilized to Examine Dietary Practices of Blacks in New York City in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic

BackgroundBlack Americans have long been considered a hard-to-reach population for research studies, whether quantitative surveys or for clinical research. Studies have explored multiple rationales for why Blacks are hard to reach, and the explanations have included historical mistrust, the need to assess the benefits from participating in research, and the expense of spending time participating in research, among others. What has not been explored is the continuous merging of all individuals who identify as Black, particularly when exploring reasonings for a lower interest in participating in research. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the participation rate of individuals identifying as Black in New York City in a study exploring dietary practices as a predictor of colorectal cancer screening behavior. Participants were asked to self-report screening behavior, intent to screen, and dietary and other lifestyle practices. In this analysis, we discuss the unique experience encountered in recruiting Black American participants to participate in this study, particularly amid a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19.MethodsThe methodology for this study included a systematic review of the literature, a two-part recruitment process, and data analysis. The first part of the recruitment process involved registering individuals who were interested in participating in the study and consented to be contacted and reminded to come to the location where they were recruited on a scheduled date to complete the actual survey. With this part of the recruitment process, we engaged with n = 488 Black men and women between November 2019 and February 2020. The second part of the recruitment process utilized availability sampling outside of NYC subway stations and other high traffic areas as well as large community events. We engaged with n = 319 individuals. Total engagement with n = 807 individuals yielded a sample size for the survey of 504 completed surveys.ResultsOf the total engaged (n = 807), 14% declined to participate due to a lack of time, 11% chose not to participate in the study because the incentive was not enough to compensate for their time 0.02% declined due to not trusting institutions conducting research, and 0.03% did not feel comfortable understanding the questions due to a language barrier. We had a sample size of (n = 504) of the total 807 individuals engaged.ConclusionsRecruiting Black Americans into our colorectal cancer study did not prove to be challenging with the two-tiered model of recruitment that involved consistent engagement and having the primary researcher lead this recruitment process. Extracting within race differences is critical in demystifying the conclusion of numerous studies that African Americans specifically are hesitant to participate due to historical mistrust related to tragedies such as the Tuskegee Experiment and numerous other occurrences of African Americans being treated as guinea pigs for the advancement of research. This data contributes knowledge to this field regarding understanding recruitment challenges in the Black population, but further work needs to be conducted. Mistrust in this study primarily came from the individuals engaged in Caribbean neighborhoods, where many expressed more comfort with home remedies and bush doctors when asked about colorectal cancer screening and declined to participate. Innovative communication, qualitative research, and recruitment strategies tailored to the Caribbean population are needed in future studies to address this recruitment challenge that we experienced.

Does Health Literacy Affect Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates?

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the relationship between adult colorectal cancer screening behaviors and health literacy levels. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the relationship between adult colorectal cancer screening behaviors and health literacy levels. Of the participants, only a small proportion had undergone this screening (9.3%). Having an intestinal disease (OR = 23) and having a relative with colorectal cancer (OR = 8) had the highest effect on colorectal screening. There were significant differences between the colorectal screening groups concerning most THLS-32 subgroup scores, including the THLS-32 total score. Health literacy affects colorectal cancer screening rates. Primary care workers, especially community health nurses, are in an ideal position to increase health literacy and thereby increase cancer screening rates.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Adults in Zuni Pueblo: Factors Associated with FOBT and Colonoscopy Utilization.

Although strategies to mitigate barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening have proven successful in some parts of the US, few of these strategies have been studied in rural, American Indian communities that may exhibit unique culturally driven attitudes toward and knowledge of colorectal cancer and experience increased barriers to healthcare access. In this study, we describe the results of a survey among CRC screen-eligible members of Zuni Pueblo (N = 218) on an array of questions regarding CRC screening behaviors, knowledge, satisfaction with and access to healthcare services, social support for CRC screening, perceptions toward FOBT, and preference for evidence-based interventions or strategies for improving CRC screening rates. Results from the multivariable model suggest age, having a regular healthcare provider, and harboring fewer negative perceptions toward FOBT are key drivers of ever completing CRC screening. Respondents reported strong support for Community Guide-recommended interventions and strategies for increasing CRC screening for nearly all proposed interventions. Results confirm the need for multilevel, multicomponent interventions, with a particular focus on improving Zuni Pueblo community members' access to a regular source of care, improving knowledge of CRC risk factor, and addressing negative perceptions toward CRC screening. These results provide critical, community-specific insight into better understanding the drivers of low guideline-adherent screening rates and inform local healthcare providers and community leaders of context-specific strategies to improve CRC screening in Zuni Pueblo.

Cancer beliefs and screening behaviors: The impact of neighborhood and other social determinants of health.

Beliefs about cancer influence breast and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behavior. Screening rates for these cancers differ in the contiguous neighborhoods of East Harlem (EH), Central Harlem (CH), and the Upper East Side (UES), which have distinct socio-demographic compositions. We assessed the belief-screening behavior relationship in these neighborhoods. The 2019 Community Cancer Needs Survey included adults eligible for breast and/or colorectal cancer screening. Raking was used to generate neighborhood-specific distribution estimates. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square tests. Stepwise logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between cancer beliefs and screening. Our weighted sample included 147,726 respondents. Screening was 75% in CH, 81% in EH, and 90% in the UES for breast cancer, and 71%, 76%, and 92% for CRC, respectively. The fatalistic belief "There's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer" differed by neighborhood with screening more likely in CH respondents (breast OR =1.45 and colorectal OR =1.11), but less likely in EH (OR= 0.77 and 0.37, respectively). UES ORs were not generated due to too few unscreened respondents. Cancer beliefs were inconsistently associated with breast and CRC screening across three NYC neighborhoods. This suggests that a given belief may either motivate or deter screening, depending upon context or interpretation. Once access is addressed, efforts seeking to enhance screening rates should consider implications of communities' varying beliefs.

The Significant Predictors for Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, or Oral Cancer Screening Intention and Behavior in Taiwan.

Cancer screening can improve outcomes in patients with cancer. Accordingly, under the direction of the National Health Insurance program, the Taiwan government conducts screenings for breast cancer, cervical cancer, oral cancer, and colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the primary predictors of cancer screening intention and behavior at 1 and 6 months after patients are provided information and an invitation by telephone to attend cancer screenings. In this prospective longitudinal study, 339 participants meeting the screening criteria were recruited. At baseline, telephone interviews were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, exercise and smoking habits, family cancer history, screening beliefs, and screening intention. Screening behavior was followed up at 1 and 6 months after the telephone interviews. At baseline, 87.02% of the participants intended to undergo screening, and 31.86% and 63.42% had undergone screening after 1 and 6 months, respectively. The predictors of screening intention were awareness of the screening policy, willingness to learn about screening, and believing in the health benefits of screening. The predictor of screening behavior after 1 month was screening intention at baseline, and the predictors of behavior after 6 months were screening intention, marital status, and belief that cancer is a hereditary disease. Adults with screening intention tended to undergo cancer screenings. The use of strategies based on screening intention, beliefs, and information can be used to improve participation in cancer screening in Taiwan.

Abstract A099: Black church-goers who most recently sought cancer information from certain sources are less likely to have ever undergone colorectal cancer screening and thus less likely to benefit from early detection

Abstract Purpose: Black adults have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates of any racial group in America. Early detection through CRC screening may improve survival outcomes; however, CRC screening uptake is lower for Black adults than White adults. To uncover opportunities to address these inequities, we examine where Black adults prefer to obtain cancer information, where they most recently sought such information, and whether either was associated with CRC screening behavior. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of Black men and women recruited from 3 churches in Houston, Texas. Self-reported data included preferred source of cancer information (doctor or health care provider (collectively, “providers”), cancer organization, social network, internet, or “other media” (i.e., books, brochures, pamphlets, the library, magazines, newspapers)), most recent source of cancer information (same categories as preferred), and having ever been screened for CRC. A logistic regression model controlling for recruitment site, sociodemographic variables (e.g., sex, education), personal and family history of cancer, worries and perceptions about cancer risk, and satisfaction with patient-provider communication examined associations between preferred and most recent source of cancer information, respectively, and CRC screening behavior. Results: The sample included 751 Black adults aged &amp;gt;50 (Mage=59.1+6.6, 24% male), with data collected before the pandemic. Overall, 57.9% of respondents indicated their preferred source of cancer information was a provider, 19.6% the internet, 11.5% other media, 10% a cancer organization, and 1.1% their social network. Overall, 21% indicated their most recent source of cancer information was a provider, 57.3% the internet, 13.5% other media, 4.7% a cancer organization, and 3.6% their social network. About 83.6% of participants had ever been screened for CRC. Results indicated that those who most recently sought information from other media had lower odds of having ever been screened for CRC than those who most recently sought information from a provider (aOR: 0.489, CI95%: 0.245-0.976). There were no significant associations between preferred source of cancer information and CRC screening behavior. Conclusion: These results reveal an opportunity to encourage Black church-goers to obtain cancer information from providers rather than from other media as a method to enhance CRC screening use. Encouragement to seek this information directly from a provider could, for example, come from health ministries, church newsletter or email communications, the church’s website, and/or the pulpit. These results also reveal an opportunity to investigate what modifiable social determinants or other factors prevent Black church-goers from seeking cancer screening information from their provider as opposed to other media, especially considering most of the sample preferred to get this information from a provider, as one part of a multi-pronged approach to help mitigate racial inequities in CRC screening behavior. Citation Format: Brian J. Carter, Tzuan A. Chen, Dalnim Cho, Lorna H. McNeill, Shahnjayla K. Connors, Lorraine R. Reitzel. Black church-goers who most recently sought cancer information from certain sources are less likely to have ever undergone colorectal cancer screening and thus less likely to benefit from early detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A099.

Abstract B037: Effective recruitment strategies utilized in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic to examine dietary practices and colorectal cancer screening practices of Blacks in New York City

Abstract African Americans have the highest colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates of all racial groups in the U.S. Factors that may be contributing to these high rates, however, remain poorly understood. Specifically, this study assessed the relationship between dietary habits and colorectal cancer screening behavior and intent among individuals who identify as Black, with their ethnicity as African-American, Caribbean, and African. There are many factors that influence dietary habits, and a salient factor is culture. Many studies have experienced challenges recruiting in communities of color for various reasons. The purpose of this presentation is to describe recruitment methods utilized for this study in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to discuss challenges, strategies that were implemented and lessons learned that can inform and improve future recruitment efforts. Effective recruitment strategies included partnership, consistent engagement, and meeting people in places where they frequent and felt comfortable. Utilizing faith-based locations, barbershops, hair salons, and pivotal community locations allowed individuals to trust the researchers, and also eliminated the need to retain study subjects over a period of time, due to on-site data collection. Though our findings are limited to Black families in predominantly minority neighborhoods, we have identified successful strategies for this specific high-risk population and potentially similar others. Citation Format: Cicely K. Johnson, Grace X. Ma, May May Leung, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi. Effective recruitment strategies utilized in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic to examine dietary practices and colorectal cancer screening practices of Blacks in New York City [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B037.

The Effects of Cancer Beliefs and Sociodemographic Factors on Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviours in Newfoundland and Labrador.

This study investigated the beliefs about cancer treatment, outcomes, and screening among adults aged 50-74 in Newfoundland and Labrador and whether these beliefs or sociodemographic factors were associated with differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behaviours. This analysis uses data collected from an online survey of adults on cancer awareness and prevention in NL. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in distributions of beliefs based on CRC screening behaviour. Logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic factors independently associated with CRC screening behaviour. A total of 724 participants were included in the analysis, 57.4% of which had ever had CRC screening. Most held positive beliefs about cancer outcomes and treatment. Only beliefs about screening affected CRC screening behaviour. People who never had CRC screening were more likely to believe their worries about what might be found would prevent them from screening (χ2 = 9.380, p = 0.009); screening is only necessary if they have symptoms (χ2 = 15.680, p &lt; 0.001); and screening has a high risk of leading to unnecessary surgery (χ2 = 6.824, p = 0.032). Regression identified that men had higher likelihood of having had CRC screening than women in our study (OR = 1.689, 95%CI = 1.135-2.515), as did all age groups compared to ages 50-54. No associations were found with the other sociodemographic factors studied. Beliefs about cancer screening appear to play some role in CRC screening behaviour, but the absolute effect was small. The relatively few sociodemographic associations with screening behaviour suggest that NL's CRC screening program is equitably reaching people from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Beliefs associated with cancer screening behaviors among African Americans and Sub-Saharan African immigrant adults: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundBeliefs influence cancer screening. However, there are conflicting findings about how belief influence cancer screening among Black adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between beliefs (religiosity, fatalism, temporal orientation, and acculturation) and cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening behaviors among African Americans and sub-Saharan African immigrants.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 73 African American and 59 English speaking Sub-Saharan immigrant adults recruited from Lexington and surrounding cities in Kentucky. Data collected included sociodemographic variables, cancer screening behaviors, and several instruments that characterize beliefs, including religiosity, fatalism, temporal orientation, and acculturation.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 43.73 years (SD = 14.0), 83% were females, and 45% self-identified as sub-Saharan immigrants. Based on eligibility for each screening modality, 64% reported having ever had a Pap test, 82% reported ever having mammogram, and 71% reported ever having a colonoscopy. Higher education (OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.43—4.80) and being insured (OR = 4.09, 95% CI = 1.10 – 15.18) were associated with increased odds of cervical cancer screening (pap test), while cancer fatalism (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.07 – 0.88) was associated with decreased odds. Increased age (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06 – 2.32) and reduced present orientation (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.22 – 0.80) were associated with receipt of a mammogram. Nativity was the only factor associated with colonoscopy screening. Compared to African Americans, sub-Saharan African immigrants were 90% less likely to have had a colonoscopy (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02 – 0.66).ConclusionThis study contributes to the existing literature by confirming that beliefs are important in cancer screening behaviors among African American and sub-Saharan African immigrants. These findings should inform the development of cancer control and prevention programs for Black adults.Trial registrationUS National Library of Science identifier NCT04927494. Registered June 16, 2021, www.clinicaltrials.gov

The impact of multi-target stool DNA testing in clinical practice in the United States: A real-world evidence retrospective study

Widely endorsed screening modalities for colorectal cancer (CRC) include structural visualization (e.g. colonoscopy) and stool-based tests including multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA), fecal immunochemical tests (FIT), or high-sensitivity guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT). However, CRC screenings are underutilized, hence understanding the screening utilization trends is important, particularly with respect to the newest guideline-endorsed option (mt-sDNA). The objective of this study was to assess patterns in overall CRC screenings following clinical availability of the mt-sDNA test among average-risk individuals in the Ascension Wisconsin healthcare system focusing primarily on individuals aged 50–75 years old. We also reported CRC screening behaviors among individuals < 50 and > 75 years old. Electronic medical records of individuals aged ≥ 40 years from 2015 to 2018 were reviewed to identify average-risk and screen-eligible members. For those with screening data available, we determined the proportion who were up-to-date with any United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended screening strategy; the number of screening tests performed in the measurement year; and the distribution of screening modalities. Temporal trends were assessed using regression analysis, including subgroup analyses across age groups and screening modalities. A total of 172,045 unique patients aged ≥ 40 years were included, of which 115,708 individuals aged 50–75 years. When considering all individuals up-to-date and screened in the measurement year, overall adherence increased significantly over the 4-year study period, from 39,105 to 49,698 patients or 47 % to 59 % (p < 0.0001). The screening incidence between 2015 and 2018 increased from 19.44 to 23.66 tests per 1,000 persons for gFOBT and FIT, a 1.2-fold increase, and from 6.54 to 29.78 tests per 1,000 persons for mt-sDNA (p < 0.05), a 4.6-fold increase. During the same time period, the screening incidence of colonoscopy decreased from 119.99 to 110.58 tests per 1,000 persons, corresponding to a decrease of 8 %. Similar patterns in screening incidence rates were observed among those aged < 50 and > 75 years old. Growing adoption, higher preference, and the broad availability of mt-sDNA testing may be associated with an increase in overall CRC screening rates in the average-risk population, in parallel with a slight increase in the use of other non-invasive CRC screening tests.