Color Theory Research Articles

Integrating Art in Medical Visualization Techniques

The incorporation of art with medical visualisation techniques offers a significant improvement in the communication of medical information. Traditional methods of medical illustration were primarily concerned with anatomical precision, but introducing artistic aspects can expand knowledge, increase emotional resonance, and produce more effective visual storytelling. This study investigates how artistic principles such as composition, colour theory, and dynamic symmetry can enhance the clarity and effectiveness of medical images. Medical visualisation can go beyond simple representation by combining scientific rigour and artistic flair, resulting in a more profound link between the spectator and the medical facts, which improves patient understanding, physician communication, and educational outcomes. Case studies are offered to demonstrate the multidisciplinary approach’s potential, as well as the obstacles and opportunities it brings for future research. Keywords: Medical visualization, Medical illustration, Artistic integration, Data visualization, Visual communication in medicine

Techniques for using backlighting to enhance the expressiveness of photographs

This article examines the historical and contemporary aspects of backlighting in photography, focusing on its visual and psychological impact and the technical and color features that enhance its effectiveness. Drawing on principles established during the Baroque era by artists like Caravaggio and Rembrandt, the study explores how modern photographers integrate these techniques with advanced lighting technologies and color theories, particularly those of Johannes Itten. Through a comprehensive analysis of backlighting applications in portrait and food photography, the research highlights how this technique enhances depth, texture, and emotional resonance in images. The findings demonstrate that mastery of backlighting, combined with technical proficiency and an understanding of color interactions, allows photographers to create compelling and emotionally impactful works. The novelty of this work lies in its synthesis of historical practices with modern technological advancements, offering new insights into the creative possibilities of backlighting in professional photography.

Integrating Virtual Reality and Colour Psychology in the Design of Small Liveable Spaces

Virtual reality (VR) technology has quickly advanced, providing new ways for immersive and interactive experiences. This research aims to integrate colour theories into the practical application of Vanspace 3D software. The study investigates the perceptual dimensions of colour schemes, lighting, and their collective impact on spatial perception within confined living spaces. Through a step-by-step equipping and furnishing process, the software's versatility is demonstrated, accommodating various design elements, from solar panels to custom furniture. Monochromatic and analogous schemes align with nature-inspired living, while triadic schemes emphasise balance. Complementary and tetradic schemes showcase harmonious and rich designs, and warm and cold colour schemes present contrasting atmospheres, highlighting design adaptability. Exploration of contrast, saturation, and lighting underscores their influence on aesthetics and functionality. Findings suggest that colour choices significantly impact perceived size and ambience, offering recommendations for creating spacious illusions in confined spaces.

Exploration of the Expression of Color Emotion in Oil Painting Sketch Creation

This paper deeply analyzes the expression of color emotion in oil painting sketch creation. Starting with the three basic attributes of color theory (hue, lightness, and purity), this paper discusses its emotional symbolic significance and the relationship between contrast and harmony. By interpreting the works of artists such as Van Gogh’s Sunflower, Monet’s Rouen Cathedral, and Cézanne’s Mont Sainte-Victoire, this paper shows the unique charm of different colors in conveying emotions, creating atmosphere, and expressing themes. At the same time, it is expounded that in the creation of an oil painting sketch, the effective expression of color emotion can be realized by observing nature, using subjective colors, and reasonable composition and layout of colors, so as to enhance the artistic value of the works.

KANDINSKY ON COLORS AND THE VIRTUAL OBJECTLESS VIBRATIONS

If we accept that Kandinsky developed a systematic theory of the fundamentals of painting, we must ask what is the central concept underlying this attempt. This paper argues for the thesis that objectless vibration plays a central role in the reconstruction proposed Kandinsky’s first book, On the Spiritual in Art. This kind of vibration includes as a virtual field both shapes, sounds and colors. All these “fall” in an organized way from the virtual vibrations, and the purpose of abstract painting is to lift the mind beyond the specific distinctions of the visible world of objects to the abstract level of primordial vibrations. The article examines the origin, functions, and the effect this concept has on color theory.

The modelling of flower colour: spectral purity or colour contrast as biologically relevant descriptors of flower colour signals for bees depending upon the perceptual task.

Flower colour is an important mediator of plant-pollinator interactions. While the reflectance of light from the flower surface and background are governed by physical properties, the perceptual interpretation of such information is generated by complex multilayered visual processing. Should quantitative modelling of flower signals strive for repeatable consistency enabled by parameter simplification, or should modelling reflect the dynamic way in which bees are known to process signals? We discuss why colour is an interpretation of spectral information by the brain of an animal. Different species, or individuals within a species, may respond differently to colour signals depending on sensory apparatus and/or individual experience. Humans and bees have different spectral ranges, but colour theory is strongly rooted in human colour perception and many principles of colour vision appear to be common. We discuss bee colour perception based on physiological, neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence to provide a pathway for modelling flower colours. We examine whether flower petals and floral guides as viewed against spectrally different backgrounds should be considered as a simple colour contrast problem or require a more dynamic consideration of how bees make perceptual decisions. We discuss that plants such as deceptive orchids may present signals to exploit bee perception, whilst many plants do provide honest signalling where perceived saturation indicates the probability of collecting nutritional rewards towards the centre of a flower that then facilitates effective pollination.

How Product Background Color Combination in Brand Post Affects Product Evaluation on Instagram

The influence of visual content and heuristic cues on product evaluation, such as color composition on Instagram, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of product background color combinations (similar vs. contrastive) on product evaluation. Two empirical analyses were conducted, and the findings revealed that when the color is similar between product and background, it can significantly influence product evaluation in both brand layout and post situations on Instagram. The product type (functional vs. sensory-social) was found to moderate the relationship between product background color and product evaluation. This study contributes to the existing literature on color theory and visual marketing research, providing valuable practical implications and novel insights for leveraging color cues when presenting products on brand Instagram accounts.

POLYCHROMATIC PARADIGMS: THE SEMIOTICS OF COLOUR IN TAMIL CINEMATIC NARRATIVES

Colour plays an essential role in the visual narrative of Tamil cinema, not only enhancing the aesthetic appeal but also acting as a symbolic tool that conveys deeper emotional, cultural, and thematic meanings. Rooted in Tamil Nadu’s rich cultural traditions, the colours used in Tamil films often carry symbolic meanings derived from religion, folklore, and socio-political themes. This research paper explores the application of colour theory in Tamil cinema, examining how directors employ colour to evoke emotions, highlight socio-political contexts, and reflect cultural values unique to Tamil audiences. By studying specific colours and their repeated motifs across films, this paper investigates how Tamil cinema translates cultural symbolism into visual narratives that resonate deeply with audiences.Through case studies of iconic Tamil films such as Alaipayuthey, Paruthiveeran, Super Deluxe, Kaaka Muttai, Vada Chennai and Asuran, this paper decodes the language of colour in Tamil cinema, highlighting how directors like Mani Ratnam, Ameer Sultan, Thiagarajan Kumararaja and Vetrimaaran use colour palettes not only to define characters but also to convey underlying social commentary. The paper further explores the impact of digital technology in transforming colour grading and its effect on the stylistic choices available to filmmakers. By analyzing these films and colour usage, this study provides insights into how Tamil cinema integrates traditional cultural cues with modern filmmaking techniques, offering a visual language that enhances narrative depth and audience engagement.

Color Biomimetics in Textile Design: Reproduction of Natural Plant Colors through Instrumental Colorant Formulation.

This paper explores the intersection of colorimetry and biomimetics in textile design, focusing on mimicking natural plant colors in dyed textiles via instrumental colorant formulation. The experimental work was conducted with two polyester substrates dyed with disperse dyes using the exhaustion process. Textiles dyed with different dye colors and concentrations were measured in a spectrophotometer and a database was created in Datacolor Match Textile software version 2.4.1 (0) with the samples' colorimetric properties. Colorant recipe formulation encompassed the definition and measurement of the pattern colors (along four defined natural plants), the selection of the colorants, and the software calculation of the recipes. After textile dyeing with the lowest expected CIELAB color difference (ΔE*) value recipe for each pattern color, a comparative analysis was conducted by spectral reflectance and visual assessment. Scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry were also used to characterize the surface of the natural elements. Samples dyed with the formulated recipe attained good chromatic similarity with the respective natural plants' colors, and the majority of the samples presented ΔE* between 1.5 and 4.0. Additionally, recipe optimization can also be conducted based on the colorimetric evaluation. This research contributes a design framework for biomimicking colors in textile design, establishing a systematic method based on colorimetry and color theory that enables the reproduction of nature's color palette through the effective use of colorants.

미용전공자들을 위한 퍼스널컬러 이미지메이킹 교육프로그램 교수·학습안 개발

This study attempted to suggest basic training data for image making, which are needed to acquire personal color theories and technical aspects and improve job performances for the students majoring in cosmetology. For this, a training program was developed based on an ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation). First, 27 papers on image-making and personal color-related training programs were analyzed. Then, purposes, goals, modules, specific programs and a training method were designed. Specifically, a total of 7 modules were constructed as follows: Modules 1 handles the understanding of colors and tones while Module 2 covers the concept and types of personal color. Module 3 describes a personal color diagnosis system. In addition, Modules 4 and 5 explain color usage (makeup, hair color) and facial expression & posture respectively while Modules 6 and 7 state manners & communications and breaking inferiority complex & vision setup each. Concerning teaching-learning methods, lectures and practices were designed. In terms of the length of lecture, Modules 1-6 were 2 hours each while Module 7 was 1 hour (13 hours in total). It is anticipated that it would be necessary to execute the training & learning plan specially designed for the students majoring in cosmetology and develop a final training program after assessment and verification.

Study on the Color Design of Elderly Space based on Design Color Science

The article applies the principle of art color science, through the analysis of the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly group and the various feelings of the color environment of the housing interior space, and carries out a series of research on the color matching method of the housing interior space of the elderly. Artistic color theory is a theory about color, and as a research method, it takes "color" as the focus, not just as an ordinary or auxiliary element, but as the "center" to be considered. The researcher can identify the "central" element of color through the artwork, explore the history of color development, color techniques and expressions, color symbols, and cultural symbolism, as well as the symbolic meaning and significance of ethnicity, nation, or country implied by color in the artwork, Art colorism, as a theory and method of interpreting the artwork.

How Shapes and Colors Drive Sustainable Fashion aand Eco-Friendly Graphic Design.

Integrating shape and color theory into sustainable fashion and eco-friendly graphic design is more than a conceptual idea; it's a practical strategy that enables designers to create impactful, responsible designs. This approach encourages innovative solutions, efficient processes, and sustainability throughout the design lifecycle. In fashion design, using eco-friendly materials and experimenting with shapes and silhouettes optimizes material usage and minimizes waste. In graphic design, sustainable printing techniques and mindful color selection foster environmental consciousness. Both fields benefit from ethical branding, accessibility considerations, and collaborative practices, ensuring designs are inclusive and environmentally friendly. By embracing these principles, designers can inspire positive change and contribute to a sustainable future.

IMPACT OF WEARING WEEKDAY’S SPIRITUAL COLOURS ON AN INDIVIDUAL

The relationship between colour and human cognition and behavior has long captivated researchers across diverse fields. In particular, religious traditions often assign distinct colours to each day of the week, attributing them to planetary influences or divine energies. This research delves into the potential effects of wearing weekday-specific spiritual colours on individual behavior and perception.Clothing serves as a means of self-expression, conveying messages about one’s personality and identity. The choice of attire can significantly impact how individuals perceive themselves and how they are perceived by others. Similarly, colours play a crucial role in shaping mood and emotions.This research seeks to explore the practical implications of choosing clothing based on weekday-specific spiritual colours intentionally or undoubtedly. Drawing from Jyotih, or Vedic astrology, which associates each day of the week with a corresponding planet, this study aims to elucidate how adhering to this colour theory may streamline wardrobe decisions and promote auspiciousness. Moreover, this research highlights the potential benefits of integrating ancient wisdom with modern practices, offering individuals practical tools for enhancing their daily lives. By understanding the symbolic significance of colours in spiritual traditions and their impact on human psychology, individuals may cultivate a greater sense of alignment with cosmic energies and spiritual harmony.

Non-invasive spectroscopic analyses of M. E. Chevreul’s colour plates: shedding new light on 19th century colour theory representation

During the early 19th century, colour’s theories flourished. In this context, Michel-Eugène Chevreul (1786–1889) developed a three-dimensional hemispherical colour space, reproduced and used for several decades by manufacturers, scientists, artists, architects, gardeners and designers, among others, to easily identify and classify colours. Despite the major influence and variety of chromatic spaces created by M. E. Chevreul, they have been the subject of a few scientific studies until now. This study will provide new information on the evolution of the printing technique, the materiality and the visual appearance of six different colour circles printed in 1847, 1855, 1861 and 1864. A dedicated analytical methodology was implemented combining visible and near-infrared reflectance imaging, X-ray fluorescence, Raman, short-wave infrared fibre optic reflectance and mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopies. This material identification revealed the coexistence of newly synthetized inorganic pigments, such as lead chromate, Prussian blue or Emerald/Scheele green, with established organic and inorganic pigments, such as cochineal lake, vermilion or minium. This study revealed a temporal evolution of the printing technique that leads to an improved colour representation.

Modeling and optimization of the ratio of fluorophores: a step towards enhancing the sensitivity of ratiometric probes.

In the ratiometric fluorescent (RF) strategy, the selection of fluorophores and their respective ratios helps to create visual quantitative detection of target analytes. This study presents a framework for optimizing ratiometric probes, employing both two-component and three-component RF designs. For this purpose, in a two-component ratiometric nanoprobe designed for detecting methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate pesticide, yellow-emissive thioglycolic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (Y-QDs) (analyte-responsive), and blue-emissive carbon dots (CDs) (internal reference) were utilized. Mathematical polynomial equations modeled the emission profiles of CDs and Y-QDs in the absence of MP, as well as the emission colors of Y-QDs in the presence of MP separately. In other two-/three-component examples, the detection of dopamine hydrochloride (DA) was investigated using an RF design based on blue-emissive carbon dots (B-CDs) (internal reference) and N-acetyl L-cysteine functionalized CdTe quantum dots with red/green emission colors (R-QDs/G-QDs) (analyte-responsive). The colors of binary/ternary mixtures in the absence and presence of MP/DA were predicted using fitted equations and additive color theory. Finally, the Euclidean distance method in the normalized CIE XYZ color space calculated the distance between predicted colors, with the maximum distance defining the real-optimal concentration of fluorophores. This strategy offers a more efficient and precise method for determining optimal probe concentrations compared to a trial-and-error approach. The model's effectiveness was confirmed through experimental validation, affirming its efficacy.

Teaching Graphic Design for undergraduate students in Vietnam: a curriculum analysis

IntroductionThe present study aims to examine the effects of autonomy policies implemented after 2014 on the undergraduate education of Graphic Design in Vietnam. The focus is on how these policies have influenced the transition of curricular content from traditional print-based principles to modern digital design methodologies.MethodsThis study employs a targeted analysis of specialized knowledge courses within Graphic Design programs, tracing their progression from conventional design principles for the print medium to modern digital design principles. It includes a comprehensive examination of curricular adjustments made in response to the evolving digital landscape.ResultsThe analysis reveals a significant shift in the curriculum post-2014, from focusing predominantly on traditional design concepts such as typography, layout, and color theory to embracing digital design principles suitable for online platforms. These include responsive design, user experience/user interface, motion graphics, and animation. Empirical data presented in the study highlights the profound impact of increased institutional autonomy on this transformation.DiscussionThe transition to digital platforms marks a substantial development in Graphic Design education, aligning with the growing acceptance of interdisciplinary methodologies. The study discusses how these curricular changes are a direct response to the dynamic requirements of contemporary design practice, characterized by digital technology’s pervasive influence, interactivity, and sustainability considerations. The results emphasize the importance of adapting Graphic Design education to meet the demands of the modern industry, ensuring that graduates are well-equipped to thrive in the digital age.

Research on the Art Design of Automobile Appearance Modification

This paper aims to explore the concept and practice of artistic design in automobile exterior modification. Through analysis of automobile design principles, color theory, and market trends, it reveals the importance of exterior modification in terms of aesthetic value and market demand. Firstly, the paper elaborates on the concept and classification of automobile modification, and discusses its aesthetic characteristics from the perspective of artistic design. Subsequently, it explores the theoretical foundation of modification design, including automobile design principles, color theory, and the importance of proportion and balance. Then, through analysis of practical cases, it demonstrates the performance and impact of different modification designs in practice. Finally, the paper analyzes the development trends of the automobile exterior modification market and looks forward to future directions. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for research in the field of automobile design.

EFEKTIVITAS BAHASA VISUAL POSTER UNTUK MENGETAHUI DAMPAK NEGATIF NARKOBA BAGI MAHASISWA PADA KAMPANYE ANTI NARKOBA DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS MERCU BUANA DENGAN MODEL EPIC

Posters are one of the media that is close to reaching students to convey information or messages. As an educational institution, Mercubuana University actively provides education for students, one of which is voicing the dangers of drugs for students. The Anti-Drug Campaign carried out by Mercubuana University uses posters posted around the campus. However, as a campaign it is necessary to evaluate the level of effectiveness of the media in conveying information/messages to students so that it achieves the intended goals. To know this, several theories are needed, including visual language theory, color theory, and the EPIC model of communication effectiveness theory. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a Likert scale using the EPIC model approach. The EPIC variable (empathy, persuasion, impact, communication) is used to measure the effectiveness of posters as part of campaign media. The results of this research show that there is the influence of visual elements, especially illustration elements, which can build persuasion with a value of 4.33, so that visual elements greatly influence the effectiveness of a poster, especially illustration attributes. Thus, in this research, it is proven that posters are an effective medium in conveying messages in the anti-drug campaign carried out by Mercubuana University. In particular, posters are effective because they are influenced by illustration, color and typography attributes that build the visual language of the campaign and this needs to be taken into account by designers.Keywords: effectiveness, social campaign, poster, visual language, visual communication, EPIC Model

Elderly-Centric Chromatics: Unraveling the Color Preferences and Visual Needs of the Elderly in Smart APP Interfaces

The survey found that many interactive interfaces of apps developed for the elderly on the market do not align with the visual characteristics of the elderly in terms of color configuration design. This mismatch greatly diminishes the usability and experience for elderly users. This research offers a meticulous analysis of user interface (UI) design for smart applications (APPs) specifically tailored for elderly users, focusing on enhancing visual functionality and protecting elderly users’ physical & mental health through scientifically configured colors. Against the backdrop of China’s aging population, this study implements the Hue, Saturation, and Lightness (HSL) model, and integrates methodologies from design, color theory, psychology, and statistics. Through visual simulation experiments, exhaustive questionnaires, and in-depth interviews, it was proposed that an APP interface color configuration design that meets the conditions of warm hue, high lightness, and medium saturation in the HSL model is most suitable for the elderly. The study also reveals a distinct aversion among the elderly toward colors with low lightness and specific cool hues.

The Descartes Code (Spin Orbital Rotation of Photons)–IV. The Harress-Sagnac Color Excess in the Rotation Curves of Galaxies

In 1933, Zwicky formulated the significant bifurcation point in the history of astrophysics. Zwicky postulated an unknown dark matter in order to explain the color excess in the observed Doppler effect in the rotation curves of galaxies. However, until now we have not detected these dark matter particles. In this contribution, we propose to come back to this bifurcation point and to interpret the observed color excess as the Harress-Sagnac effect known in the rotating interferometers. We have described photon properties in those rotating interferometers based on the old color theory of Descartes—rotating light globules (spin-orbital rotation of photons). Therefore, the color excess observed in the rotation curves of galaxies can be interpreted as the additional color excess of photons emitting from distant rotating stars. Formulae for these color excesses are given for different locations of the rotating galaxy inspired by Zwicky’s core-shell model of galaxies. A part of Zwicky’s enigma is an unknown influence of the Solar gravitational field at 1 AU on the distant photon properties. From the forgotten Gerber’s retarded potential formula we have derived an expression for the acceleration of distant photons towards the Sun at 1 AU as ax = 1.171 × 10⁻¹⁰ ms⁻². This is a very surprising coincidence with the Milgrom empirical value a0 = (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10⁻¹⁰ ms⁻². Therefore, we propose to test this new formula at the surface of Mercury and Mars in order to reveal if our gravitational models are universal or “geocentric”, valid for the surroundings of the Earth only.