Color Sector Research Articles

Probing Compressed Slepton Production at Future Large Hadron Collider

Various supersymmetry searches are carried out at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. While some searches have focused on the color sector, others focused on electroweak production of charginos-neutralinos and sleptons. Since no sign of supersymmetry has yet to be found, limits are set on the masses of the supersymmetric particles. In this phenomenological study, we probe direct slepton signal production in compressed mass spectra scenario at the potential future proton-proton collider operating at a center of mass energy of 33 TeV. We show that slepton signal with masses up to 270 GeV can be discovered at the future hadron collider with the data corresponding to 100 fb-1 integrated luminosity when ΔM =5 GeV.

An exceptional G(2) extension of the Standard Model from the correspondence with Cayley\u2013Dickson algebras automorphism groups

In this article I propose a new criterion to extend the Standard Model of particle physics from a straightforward algebraic conjecture: the symmetries of physical microscopic forces originate from the automorphism groups of main Cayley–Dickson algebras, from complex numbers to octonions and sedenions. This correspondence leads to a natural enlargement of the Standard Model color sector, from a SU(3) gauge group to an exceptional Higgs-broken G(2) group, following the octonionic automorphism relation guideline. In this picture, an additional ensemble of massive G(2)-gluons emerges, which is separated from the particle dynamics of the Standard Model.

Color unified dynamical axion

We consider an enlarged color sector which solves the strong CP problem via new massless fermions. The spontaneous breaking of a unified color group into QCD and another confining group provides a source of naturally large axion mass m_a due to small size instantons. This extra source of axion mass respects automatically the alignment of the vacuum, ensuring a low-energy CP-conserving vacuum. The mechanism does not appeal to a Z_2 “mirror” copy of the SM, nor does it require any fine-tuning of the axion-related couplings at the unification scale. There is no very light axion and uncharacteristically the lighter spectrum contains instead sterile fermions. The axion scale f_a can be naturally brought down to a few TeV, with an exotic spectrum of colored pseudoscalars lighter than this scale, observable at colliders exclusively via strong interactions. The {m_a, f_a} parameter space which allows a solution of the strong CP problem is thus enlarged well beyond that of invisible axion models.

Di-Higgs enhancement by neutral scalar as probe of new colored sector

We study a class of models in which the Higgs pair production is enhanced at hadron colliders by an extra neutral scalar. The scalar particle is produced by the gluon fusion via a loop of new colored particles, and decays into di-Higgs through its mixing with the Standard Model Higgs. Such a colored particle can be the top/bottom partner, such as in the dilaton model, or a colored scalar which can be triplet, sextet, octet, etc., called leptoquark, diquark, coloron, etc., respectively. We examine the experimental constraints from the latest Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data, and discuss the future prospects of the LHC and the Future Circular Collider up to 100 TeV. We also point out that the 2.4,sigma excess in the b bar{b} gamma gamma final state reported by the ATLAS experiment can be interpreted as the resonance of the neutral scalar at 300 GeV.

The quantum 1/2 BPS Wilson loop in N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ Chern-Simons-matter theories

In three dimensional ${\cal N}=4$ Chern-Simons-matter theories two independent fermionic Wilson loop operators can be defined, which preserve half of the supersymmetry charges and are cohomologically equivalent at classical level. We compute their three-loop expectation value in a convenient color sector and prove that the degeneracy is uplifted by quantum corrections. We expand the matrix model prediction in the same regime and by comparison we conclude that the quantum 1/2 BPS Wilson loop is the average of the two operators. We provide an all-loop argument to support this claim at any order. As a by-product, we identify the localization result at three loops as a correction to the framing factor induced by matter interactions. Finally, we comment on the quantum properties of the non-1/2 BPS Wilson loop operator defined as the difference of the two fermionic ones.

Black holes as random particles: entanglement dynamics in infinite range and matrix models

We first propose and study a quantum toy model of black hole dynamics. The model is unitary, displays quantum thermalization, and the Hamiltonian couples every oscillator with every other, a feature intended to emulate the color sector physics of large-$\mathcal{N}$ matrix models. Considering out of equilibrium initial states, we analytically compute the time evolution of every correlator of the theory and of the entanglement entropies, allowing a proper discussion of global thermalization/scrambling of information through the entire system. Microscopic non-locality causes factorization of reduced density matrices, and entanglement just depends on the time evolution of occupation densities. In the second part of the article, we show how the gained intuition extends to large-$\mathcal{N}$ matrix models, where we provide a gauge invariant entanglement entropy for `generalized free fields', again depending solely on the quasinormal frequencies. The results challenge the fast scrambling conjecture and point to a natural scenario for the emergence of the so-called brick wall or stretched horizon. Finally, peculiarities of these models in regards to the thermodynamic limit and the information paradox are highlighted.

Концептуальные основы цветодинамической композиции таблицы С.-А. Мадяра и окуломоторика зрительного восприятия цветностей

The paper examines the conceptual bases of construction of color-dynamic table by S.-A. Madyar, taking into account the laws of color perception dynamics. Were conducted the pilot studies of the motor function of the human eyeball in the process of the visual perception of the color spectrum. It has been shown that the individual preferences of visual perception chromatic tables characterized by objective indicators of oculomotor activity that allow to evaluate the dynamic stability of the pupils in the preferred sectors of color. Was found that color preferences are depend on the options psychophysiological state of levels of tonus (intellectual, emotional, physical) and the person’s age. It is expected that the identification features of activation of motor function of the human eyeball with the visual perception of color-dynamic compositions opens up the possibility of purposeful use of the tables by S.-A. Madyar for assessment of psycho-physiological status and bio-regulation.

LHC constraints on a Higgs boson partner from an extended color sector

We discuss the properties and LHC phenomenology of a potentially discoverable heavy scalar boson ($s$) that arises in the context of the renormalizable coloron model; the model also contains a light scalar, $h$, identifiable with the 125 GeV state discovered by the LHC. These two scalar mass eigenstates are admixtures of a weak doublet gauge eigenstate and a weak singlet gauge eigenstate. A previous study set exclusion limits on the heavy $s$ scalar, using the stability of the scalar potential, unitarity, electroweak precision tests, LHC searches for the 125 GeV Higgs; it also briefly discussed the $\sqrt{s} = 7,8$ TeV LHC searches for a heavy Higgs. In this work, we show how the projected LHC sensitivity at $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV to the presence of a heavy Higgs and to the detailed properties of the 125 GeV Higgs will further constrain the properties of the new heavy $s$ scalar. Since the renormalizable coloron model may contain spectator fermions to remove anomalies, we examine several representative scenarios with different numbers of spectator fermions. Our results are summarized in plots that overlay the current exclusion limits on the $s$ boson with the projected sensitivity of the $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV LHC to the new state. We find that the upcoming LHC searches should be sensitive to an $s$ scalar of mass less than 1 TeV for essentially all of the model parameter space in which the $h$ state differs from the Higgs boson of the SM. More precisely, unless the mixing between the weak doublet and weak singlet gauge-eigenstate scalars is zero, the 14 TeV LHC will be sensitive to the presence of the non-standard heavy $s$ state that is characteristic of the renormalizable coloron model.

Constraints on the scalar sector of the renormalizable coloron model

The renormalizable coloron model is the minimal extension of the standard model color sector, in which the color gauge group is enlarged to SU(3)_{1c} x SU(3)_{2c}. In this paper we discuss the constraints on this model derived from the requirements of vacuum stability, tree-level unitarity, electroweak precision measurements, and from LHC measurements of the properties of the observed Higgs-like scalar boson. The combination of these theoretical and experimental considerations strongly constrains the allowed parameter space. (Erratum appended, March 2014.)

Constraining the intrinsic structure of top-quarks

The basic structure of top-quarks as spin-1/2 particles is characterized by the radius Rt and the intrinsic magnetic dipole moment κt, both individually associated with gauge interactions. They are predicted to be zero in pointlike theories as the Standard Model. We derive upper limits of these parameters in the color sector from cross sections measured at Tevatron and LHC in top pair production pp¯/pp→tt¯, and we predict improved limits expected from LHC in the future, especially for analyses exploiting boosted top final states. An additional method for measuring the intrinsic parameters is based on tt¯+jet final states.

Ajustes metodológicos para el análisis macroscópico del gres cerámico. Estudio de conjuntos arqueológicos del sudeste bonaerense (siglo XIX)

In the lasts decades there have been developed descriptive and isolated studies on stoneware objects from post-hispanic rural contexts of the Pampean region. They have been mainly based on general attributes such as color, shape and container sector. In this paper we present a methodology for macroscopic analysis applied on a sample of stoneware (n=124) from the archaeological sites Las Brusquillas 1 and La Libertad (San Cayetano County), Las Toscas and Machado (Tres Arroyos County), and Pescado Castigado (Benito Juarez County). The technological and morphological attributes considered were: dimensions, part of the vessel, type of container, type of pasta, internal and external manufacture traces, color and treatment of the internal and external surfaces, post-depositional alterations and conjoining relations. Diverse manufacturing processes and modeling were produced during cooking. There were also registered different types of pasta, a wide variety of colors, shapes and surface treatments, among others. The integration of these analyses provides more information about the characteristics and diversity of the stoneware sets. They allowed to identify their function, provenience and chronology, and also define their contexts of use, circulation and discarding of stoneware objects in the southern frontier of Buenos Aires Province during the 19th century.

Dirac neutralinos and electroweak scalar bosons of N = 1/N = 2 hybrid supersymmetry at colliders

In the N=1 supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, neutralinos associated in supermultiplets with the neutral electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons are, as well as gluinos, Majorana fermions. They can be paired with the Majorana fermions of novel gaugino/scalar supermultiplets, as suggested by extended N=2 supersymmetry, to Dirac particles. Matter fields are not extended beyond the standard N=1 supermultiplets in N=1/N=2 hybrid supersymmetry to preserve the chiral character of the theory. Complementing earlier analyses in the color sector, central elements of such an electroweak scenario are analyzed in the present study. The decay properties of the Dirac fermions and of the scalar bosons are worked out, and the single and pair production channels of the new particles are described for proton collisions at the LHC, and electron/positron and photon-photon collisions at linear colliders. Special attention is paid to modifications of the Higgs sector, identified with an N=2 hypermultiplet, by the mixing with the novel electroweak scalar sector.

Leptonic color models fromZ8orbifolded AdS/CFT

We study orbifold compactifications of the type IIB superstring on AdS{sub 5}xS{sup 5}/{gamma}, where {gamma} is the Abelian group Z{sub 8}, which can lead to non-supersymmetric three and four family models based on quartification. In particular, we focus on two models, one fully quartified model and one a model with two trinification families and one quartification family, which reduces to the standard model with a minimal leptonic color sector.

Optimized RGB for Image Data Encoding

The present paper discusses the subject of an RGB optimization for color data coding. The current RGB situation is analyzed and those requirements selected which exclusively address the data encoding, while disregarding any application or workflow related objectives. In this context, the limitation to the RGB triangle of color saturation, and the discretization due to the restricted resolution of 8 bits per channel are identified as the essential drawbacks of most of today's RGB data definitions. Specific validation metrics are proposed for assessing the codable color volume while at the same time considering the discretization loss due to the limited bit resolution. Based on those measures it becomes evident that the idea of the recently promoted e-sRGB. definition holds the potential of being qualified as a global RGB data standard without imposing restrictions in regard to feasible surface colors. Optimizing strategies are thus suggested and adapted to the e-sRGB concept focusing on 8 bits per channel. The resulting RGB makes it possible to store a color value to a 32 bit word, yet covering the entire gamut of all existing surface colors at a resolution above the perceptible limit for any color sector, thus satisfying the requirements of a universal RGB which is particularly optimized for color image data encoding.

Solutions of the renormalisation group equation in minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM)

Renormalisation group equation (RGE) for color and top couplings sector of MSSM has been solved. The mass of the top comes out to be 180.92±10.87GeV and βtop≅π/4. It is conjectured that the masses of the other 11 fermions and the CKM phase angle ϕ can be theoretically estimated. The results confirm the fact that the quarks and leptons have been created having equal mass ∼115GeV at the MSSM GUT scale ∼2.2×1016GeV.

Post—Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Defect

The case presented is that of a man in his late 60s who experienced an acute anterior myocardial infarction. A complete 2D echocardiogram with color flow and Doppler imaging had been performed on the patient's first hospital day. On day 2 of his hospitalization, a follow-up limited study was performed to reevaluate left ventricular function. Cardiac function was essentially unchanged from the prior day's study. However, color flow Doppler was performed, and a distal septal ventricular septal defect was detected incidentally, only in the final apical view while using the full-height color sector box. This study demonstrates the value of using the full-size color sector box as a screening tool when performing color flow Doppler. Current high-capacity (256 channel and above) equipment assists the sonographer with image optimization and decreases the need to use the truncated color flow box.

Transmission Ratio Distortion Due to the bl Gene in Table Beet

The bl gene conditions a blotchy phenotype (irregular sectors of red and white root color) in table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). Segregation of the bl gene was found to be consistent with a single recessive gene, however, some evidence for a departure from a single gene model was observed when blbl plants were used as females. In this report, segregation of the bl gene was examined in greater detail in 10 F2 populations derived from crosses of red blotchy-rooted females (genotype blbl, denoted blotchy) with red-rooted males (BlBl, denoted red,), and 10 F2 populations derived from the reciprocal cross. In blbl × BlBl crosses, the proportion of red-rooted progeny was greater than 0.75 in seven of the crosses, and was significantly greater (P = 0.005) in three crosses. A test for heterogeneity was significant, indicating that the proportion of red-rooted progeny differed significantly in these 10 crosses. In BlBl × blbl crosses, the proportion of red-rooted progeny was <0.75 in seven of the crosses and there were no significant departures from the expected 3:1 ratio in any of the individual crosses. However, a pooled estimate of the segregation ratio showed a significant (P < 0.01) departure from the 3:1 ratio (pooled estimate = 0.71). These data demonstrate transmission ratio distortion at the bl locus when blbl plants are used as both females and males in matings with wild type plants, but the degree of distortion is greater when blbl plants are used as females. Ratio distortion in such crosses may be due to a variety of factors, including increased transmission of the bl gene through female or male gametes depending on the direction of the cross, reduced fitness of maternally derived blbl progeny, epigenetic phenomena, increased fitness of paternally derived blbl progeny, or linkage of the bl gene to viability genes.

A FINITE QUANTUM SYMMETRY OF $M(3, {\Bbb C})$

The 27-dimensional Hopf algebra A(F), defined by the exact sequence of quantum groups [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], is studied as a finite quantum group symmetry of the matrix algebra [Formula: see text], describing the color sector of Alain Connes' formulation of the Standard Model. The duality with the Hopf algebra ℋ, investigated in a recent work by Robert Coquereaux, is established and used to define a representation of ℋ on [Formula: see text] and two commuting representation of ℋ on A(F).

Inheritance of a Gene Conditioning Blotchy Root Color in Table Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The primary pigments in red beet are the betalains, which include the red-violet betacyanins and the yellow betaxanthins. The recent adoption of betalain pigments from red beet as an alternative to synthetic food dyes has heightened interest in genetic modification of pigment production. Dominant alleles at two tightly linked loci (R and Y) condition production of betalain pigment in the beet plant, however several alleles at the R locus influence pigment amount and distribution. In addition, recurrent selection for pigment concentration has been effective at increasing pigment concentration, suggesting other modifying genes play an important role in betalain synthesis. A mutant phenotype, characterized by irregular sectors of blotchy red and white root color, was observed in a breeding line in the beet breeding nursery at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The blotchy mutant plant was used in crosses with nonblotchy inbred lines to characterize its inheritance. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests of segregation data in backcross and F2 generations for several genetic backgrounds did not deviate from the hypothesis that a single recessive gene controls the blotchy phenotype. We propose the symbol bl to describe the genetic control of this blotchy phenotype.

Inheritance and Linkage Analysis of a Blotchy Root Pigment Phenotype in Red Beet

The primary pigments in red beet are the betalains, which include the red-violet betacyanins and the yellow betaxanthins. The recent adoption of betalain pigments from red beet as an alternative to synthetic food dyes has heightened interest in genetic modification of pigment production. Dominant alleles at two tightly-linked loci (R and Y) condition production of betalain pigment in the beet plant; however, several alleles at the R locus influence pigment amount and distribution. A mutant phenotype, characterized by irregular sectors of blotchy red and white root color, arose spontaneously in the beet breeding nursery. The blotchy mutant plant was used in crosses with non-blotchy inbred lines to characterize its inheritance. Chisquare goodness-of-fi t tests of segregation data in backcross and F2 generations for several genetic backgrounds did not deviate from the hypothesis that a single recessive gene controls the blotchy phenotype. Linkage analysis was conducted to determine if the blotchy phenotype was conditioned by a new locus or an allele at a previously described locus. Our data indicate the bl gene resides at a newly described locus linked to R and Y. Maximum likelihood estimation revealed a linkage distance between R and Y of 8.95 ± 0.49 cM. The linkage distance between R and BL was calculated at 13.99 ± 1.18 cM, and the overall linkage between Y and BL was determined to be 28.8 ± 4.2 cM. Our data suggest the RYBL genomic region plays a critical role in the genetic control of betalain biosynthesis.