Color Of Resin Composites Research Articles

Effect of an Effervescent Multivitamin on Color and Surface Roughness of Micro-Hybrid Dental Resin Composites.

The use of multivitamins has become widespread globally, yet there is a scarcity of studies investigating their impact on resin composite restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an effervescent multivitamin tablet on micro-hybrid dental resin composites' surface roughness and color. Fifty disc-shaped samples (8 × 2 mm, shade A2; n = 10) were prepared and polished using five different micro-hybrid resin composites (Pergamon, Dentac, Turkey; Estelite Posterior, Tokuyama, Japan; Geanial Anterior, GC, Japan; Charisma Opal, Kulzer, Germany; Beautifil II, Shofu, USA). Samples were immersed in 200 mL water to one effervescent multivitamin tablet (Redoxon Triple Action, Bayer) at 24 °C for 2 min a day in 24 h intervals for 30 days. All samples' surface roughness (Ra) and ΔE(L*a*b) measurements were recorded at the beginning and end of the 30 days. The Wald chi-square and a two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis (significance level p < 0.05). The resin composite type and exposure to the multivitamin had a statistically significant effect on Ra values (p < 0.05). The resin composite type had a statistically significant effect on ΔE values, likely due to the higher mean value of BII (p = 0.040). The surface roughness and color of resin composites can be affected by multivitamins with a pH value of 3.0. Therefore, it is important to consider the patient's routine vitamin intake during resin composite selection. Additional research is required to explore the properties of different dental restorative materials.

Effect of Habitual intakes on Hardness and Color of Resin Composites

Effect of Habitual intakes on Hardness and Color of Resin Composites

Effect of Polymerization on the Color of Resin Composites.

The initial shade of a resin-based restorative material should be the same as that after polymerization. In this study, the color changes of translucent and opaque composites from nine different brands were assessed after polymerization using a spectrophotometer and cross-polarization (CP) photography. Thirteen nano-hybrid (Essentia LE, GC Corp; Ceram.x Duo SphereTEC A2E/A2D, Dentsply Sirona; Harmonize A2E/A2D, Kerr Dental; IPS Empress Direct A2E/A2D, Ivoclar Vivadent; Mosaic EN/A2, Ultradent Products; Clearfil Majesty Es-2 A2E/A2D, Kuraray Noritake; Charisma Topaz A2/OL, Kulzer), two supra nano-hybrid (Estelite Asteria NE/A2B; Tokuyama), two nano-filled (Filtek Ultimate A2E/A2D; 3M) light-curing resin composites, and one micro-hybrid (Essentia MD, GC Corp) light-curing resin composite were tested. Disc-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared using silicone molds (12 × 5 mm) and polymerized from both sides using an LED curing light (Elipar Deepcure S, 3M) at a light intensity of 1470 mW/cm2. Measurements were performed before and 1 day after polymerization using a contact-type dental spectrophotometer (Easy Shade 5, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and a combination of CP photography and Photoshop CC software (Adobe Inc, San Jose, CA, USA). Spectrophotometry and CP photography ΔE* values were calculated; the perceptibility threshold was a ΔE* value of 1.2. VITA spectrophotometry color change scores were also calculated and evaluated. The overall ΔE* values ranged between 0.34 and 12.56. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that color change was associated most strongly with composite brand (p<0.001), followed by shade (p=0.002). Color change (p=0.002) and degree of darkening/lightening (p<0.001) were significantly greater for dentin compared to enamel shades. Clearfil Majesty Es-2 (Kuraray Noritake) showed significant lightening, whereas all other composites showed darkening after polymerization. All composite brands presented perceptible (ΔE*≥1.2) color changes. Estelite Asteria (Tokuyama), Ceram.x Duo SphereTEC (Dentsply Sirona), and Harmonize (Kerr Dental) were considered the most reliable brands regardless of the shade. The spectrophotometry and CP photography methods were positively correlated (p<0.001). Also, CIEDE2000 and CIELCH (also referred to as CIE L*c*h) color systems were positively correlated based on the ΔE* values (p<0.001). Despite improvements in the chemical composition of, and fillers for, contemporary resin-based composites (RBCs), all tested composite brands showed perceptible color change after polymerization, except for some shades. Under the conditions in this study, it is preferable to polymerize the composite during the trial phase, before identifying the most appropriate shade. CP photography in combination with Photoshop analysis appears to be a reliable and promising approach for color evaluation.

Effect of Opaque Layer Application on the Color of Resin Composites Used to Fill Access Openings of Screw-Retained Implant Restorations.

The purpose of this preliminary in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an opaque layer and application of resin composite in dual colors on the ΔE values of resin composites used to fill access openings of screw-retained implant restorations. Sixty cylindrical nickel-chromium metal molds with a central channel simulating a posterior screw-retained, implant-supported, porcelain-fused-to-metal crown were cast. Access openings were filled with combinations of opaquer, enamel composite (A2E), dentin composite (A2B and A3B), and resilient composite. ΔE values differed significantly among the groups (P<.01). The combination of opaque layer and dual color resin composites of shades A2E and A3B resulted in significantly lower ΔE values than the other groups (P<.01).

Accelerated Aging Effects on Color and Translucency of Flowable Composites

To evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on color and translucency parameter of composites. Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable, shades A1, A3, White, Tetric EvoFlow, shades A1, A3, Bleach, and Filtek Z250 shades A1, A3, B1 were evaluated. Color and translucency were recorded using a spectrophotometer after 24-hour storage (baseline) and after accelerated aging. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Fisher's PLSD intervals for comparisons among products and shades were 0.4, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4 for ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE*, respectively. The data showed significant ΔE* and ΔL* main effects for composite product and shades (p < 0.001) and their interactions (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03), respectively. Tetric EvoFlow displayed the smallest aging-dependent color shift followed by Filtek Z250 and Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable. Accelerated aging did not significantly affected the composites for translucency (p > 0.05). The effects of aging on color of resin composites were composite and shade dependent. Translucency was not affected by accelerated aging. The effects of aging on color of resin composites were composite and shade dependent.

Effects of polishing on surface roughness, gloss, and color of resin composites

This study evaluated the effects of polishing on surface roughness, gloss, and color of regular, opaque, and enamel shades for each of three resin composites. Two-mm-thick resin disks made with Estelite Σ Quick, Clearfil Majesty, and Beautifil II were final polished with 180-, 1000-, and 3000-grit silicon carbide paper. Surface roughness, gloss, and color were measured one week after curing. Estelite Σ Quick had significantly lower roughness values and significantly higher gloss values as compared with Clearfil Majesty and Beautifil II. The effects of surface roughness and gloss on color (L*a*b*) differed among resin composites and by shade. Correlation coefficients between surface roughness and L*a*b* color factors were generally high for Clearfil Majesty, partially high (i.e., between roughness and L*) for Beautifil II, and low for Estelite Σ Quick. Correlation coefficients between gloss and L*a*b* color parameters were generally high for Beautifil II and low for Estelite Σ Quick and Clearfil Majesty. However, for all resin composites, the values of the color differences between 3000-grit and 180-grit polishing groups for all shades were imperceptible by the naked eye.

Effects of specular component and polishing on color of resin composites

This study evaluated the effects of the specular component mode of specular component included (SCI) and specular component excluded (SCE), and the grit size of final polishing with SiC paper on color of different types of resin composites and shades. Resin disks of 2 mm in thickness were made with regular, opaque and enamel shades for each of the following: supra-nano spherical filled Estelite Σ Quick (EQ), organic filled hybrid Clearfil Majesty (CM), and S-PRG filled nano-hybrid Beautifil II (B2). One week after curing, the surface roughness and color were measured. Color differences between 3000- and 1000-grit, and between 3000- and 180-grit final polishing groups were calculated. Comparison of L*a*b* between SCI and SCE modes showed that the L* values with SCI were significantly higher than those with SCE in 1000- and 3000-grit groups for EQ and CM, and in 3000-grit group for B2. Comparison of total color differences (ΔE*ab) between SCI and SCE modes for all resin composites and shades in all polishing groups showed that the ΔE*ab with SCE were higher than those with SCI except for opaque shade of EQ with white background in 1000-grit group in which the ΔE*ab values were same. The effect of the specular component mode and polishing on color differed among the resin composites and shades.

Effect of tooth-bleaching methods on gloss and color of resin composites

Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate gloss and color changes of resin composites after exposure to different bleaching agents. Methods Products used, were: Nite White ACP (10% carbamide peroxide gel), Crest Classic and Supreme Whitestrip (6.5% and 14% hydrogen peroxide strips, accordingly). A hybrid (Herculite XRV) and a nanohybrid (Premise) resin composite were exposed to the bleaching agents. Twenty-four disk-shaped specimens per composite were subjected to bleaching by each of the agents ( n = 8) for up to 2 weeks. Color changes using CIE- L* a* b* system (50:50% acceptability threshold: Δ E* = 3.3) were recorded after 1 and 2 weeks bleaching cycles relative to baseline measurements. In addition, gloss measurements (in gloss units) were performed at the same bleaching intervals and gloss changes were calculated. Results All bleaching agents tested provided decrease in gloss of both composites after 2-week bleaching ( p < 0.05). No differences were detected among the three bleaching regimens, for up to 2-week application, in terms of color and gloss changes on both composites. After the 2-week bleaching period, hybrid composite presented higher gloss reduction (%) than nanohybrid regardless of the bleaching agent ( p < 0.05). Color change (Δ E*) was lower than 3.3 for all composite-bleaching agent combinations. After 1- and 2-week bleaching time, the nanohybrid composite provided higher color change than the hybrid under all bleaching procedures ( p < 0.05). No strong correlation was proved between color (Δ E*) and gloss changes caused by bleaching treatments. Conclusions After 2-week bleaching cycles, composites showed significant gloss reduction ( p < 0.05). Color alteration was below the 50:50% acceptability threshold (Δ E* < 3.3) and it was product-depended. There was no significant difference in color and gloss changes between the evaluated bleaching strips and 10% carbamide peroxide gel.

Influence of a series of organic and chemical substances on the translucency of resin composites

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the translucency of resin composites following a series of immersion treatments in organic and chemical substances. Color of resin composites was measured according to the CIELAB color scale relative to the standard illuminant D65 over a white and a black background. Translucency parameter (TP) of resin composites was calculated at baseline, and after sequential immersion: Step 1, porcine liver esterase (a substitute for a salivary esterase); Step 2, organic substances (mucin and serum) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control; Step 3, chemical alteration agents [chlorhexidine (CH) and carbamide peroxide (CP)]; and Step 4, 2% methylene blue. Porcine liver esterase caused small changes in TP (DeltaTP = -0.5 to 0.2). After Step 2, DeltaTP values of three groups were similar in the range of -0.7 to 1.2. After Step 3, DeltaTP values of all groups were small in the range of -1.5 to 2.2. After Step 4, DeltaTP values were high and differences that varied by the resin composite and the immersion protocol were clearly observed (DeltaTP = -13.4 to -2.5). Changes in TP were mainly influenced by resin composite. After Step 4, mucin and serum groups showed generally small changes in TP compared to PBS group. It is a possibility that the high changes in TP after immersion in methylene blue is an indication of dye absorption which might be an indication of the degree of resin composite degradation.

Influence of porcine liver esterase on the color of dental resin composites by CIEDE2000 system

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in color and color coordinates of dental resin composites after immersion in porcine liver esterase (PLE, 400 mU/mL; a substitute for salivary hydrolase) with CIEDE2000 color system, and to compare those with CIELAB color system. Color of resin composites was measured after immersion in PBS (phosphate buffered saline; control) or PLE up to nine weeks. Color difference (delta E00) and changes in lightness (L'), red-green parameter (a'), yellow-blue parameter (b'), and chroma (C') with CIEDE2000 system were compared. Correlation in the changes of color with CIEDE2000 and CIELAB systems was determined. Delta E00 values after a 9-week immersion in PLE were 0.7-2.8, which were not higher than those in PBS except for a few cases. Changes in b' and C' values after a 9-week immersion in PLE were generally lower than those in PBS, and were in the range of -4.0 to -0.1 and -4.0 to -0.1, respectively. Therefore, the influence of porcine liver esterase on the changes of color and color coordinates was negligible with CIEDE2000 color system. There was a significant correlation between color differences (delta E00 vs deltaE*ab) with CIEDE2000 and CIELAB systems [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.95, p < 0.01].