Color Pictures Research Articles

Optimizing Aesthetic Appearance of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Color Filters

The significance of color aesthetics in photovoltaic (PV) modules gains importance, especially in design‐centric applications like building‐integrated PVs. Color filters based on distributed Bragg reflectors, consisting of alternating thin‐film layers of different refractive indices, can modify the appearance of standard silicon modules. This approach is also extended to optimize the color appearance of emerging PV technologies such as perovskite solar cells, which typically exhibit a less appealing gray–brownish appearance. In this contribution, perovskite solar‐cell stacks combined with MorphoColor color filters are presented. Angular‐resolved reflectance simulations based on wave optics and ray tracing with experimental data are validated, and the color appearance from various viewing angles is evaluated. Additionally, the impact of individual layers on color appearance and the maximum achievable short‐circuit current density in the perovskite solar cell is investigated. By applying Bayesian optimization, the color distance is minimized to the targeted appearance. Tailoring the bridging layers between the color filter and the perovskite solar cell is found to strongly influence the color impression due to the coherently combined color filter and perovskite solar cell. The presented color optimization concept allows to customize the aesthetics of emerging PV thin‐film technologies such as perovskite solar cells.

Changes in prostaglandin-associated periorbital syndrome: a self-controlled and prospective study

Introduction In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of objective and subjective indicators of the prostaglandin-associated periorbital syndrome (PAPS) after continuous instillation of topical prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension patients. Methods A self-controlled and prospective study of PGA instillation was performed in patients (n = 55) with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bilateral instillation of bimatoprost, travoprost, latanoprost, or tafluprost was conducted (treatment, 3–6 months). The objective indicators recorded included interpupillary distance (IPD) and exophthalmos; subjective indicators were assessed via colour pictures of the periocular area. Data from before the administration of medication served as controls. Posttreatment changes in IPD, exophthalmos, deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus, periorbital hyperpigmentation and eyelash growth were analysed. Results Compared with those before treatment, the interpupillary distance (IPD) differed from the baseline value at 1 month after treatment (P < 0.0001), and the exophthalmos only significantly differed from the baseline value at month 3 (P = 0.0005). Visible periorbital changes at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were assessed, and the incidence of eyelash growth and thickening was 7.27%, 45.45% and 66.67%, respectively. The incidence of periorbital hyperpigmentation was 7.2%, 18.18% and 33.33%, respectively. The incidence of upper-eyelid sulcus deepening was 3.64%, 7.27% and 16.27%, respectively. Bimatoprost had the highest incidence of PAPS, followed by travoprost and tafluprost, and latanoprost had the lowest incidence after three months of treatment in the between-group comparison. Conclusion As an objective index to evaluate PAPS, the change of IPD was more obvious than the exophthalmos. Visible periorbital changes gradually appeared after three months of medication. Bimatoprost caused the most severe PAPS, and latanoprost caused the least severe PAPS. Trial registration The study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn on 15 April 2021, under the identifier ChiCTR2100045465.

A new species of the genus Kamimuria (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from Jiangsu, China with re-description of K.microda Du, 2002.

Jiangsu Province is located on the southeast coast of China and lacks high-altitude mountains, with only a few hilly areas mainly distributed in its southern region. In recent years, We investigated the diversity of Plecoptera species in the major mountainous and forested areas of Jiangsu, recording a total of 20 species across 12 genera and five families. In this paper, we examined the materials of Kamimuria from Jiangsu and described a new species, K.liyangensis sp. nov. In addition, detailed English descriptions and colour pictures of K.microda are provided for the first time.

Investigation of tetrazole- and bistetrazole-based lithium salts as colorants in environmentally friendly pyrotechnics

ABSTRACT Due to the harmful effects of chlorinated combustion products and strontium in currently used red-burning pyrotechnics on human health and the environment, new substitutes have to be found. A promising alternative could be using lithium-salts. While it is a literature-known problem that the generation of a lithium-based red flame color is a challenging task due to the diverse requirements of the Li(0) color species, a promising alternative could be using lithium-heterocycle salts. In this context, nitrogen-rich lithium tetrazole and bistetrazole salts, namely, lithium tetrazolate, lithium 5-aminotetrazolate, dilithium 5,5’-bistetrazolate dihydrate and dilithium 5,5’-bis(tetrazolate-1-oxide) have been investigated as potential replacements. To evaluate the performance of the salts a variety of mixtures were prepared and their pyrotechnic parameters were analyzed. Furthermore, application-specific pyrotechnic clusters and parachute flares were produced and these were also tested for burning time, dominant wavelength, spectral purity and luminous intensity. Observations on the use of lithiated nitrogen-rich salts in pyrotechnic mixtures showed a red color impression, indicating the potential of these mixtures. Further research opportunities can be pursued by refining nitrogen-rich compounds.

Analysis of the impact of different background colors in VR environments on risk preferences.

Metaverse virtual reality (VR) technology offers an environment that provides a sense of presence that cannot be achieved through traditional online interactions. Although this technology is used in education and industry, challenges remain to be overcome for further penetration into society. In this study, we conducted an experiment using a risk preference task in blue and red spaces to verify color impressions and their effects in VR environments. Consistent with previous studies, high calmness was observed in the blue space. However, contrary to expectations, the risk preference task results showed risk-averse behavior in red space but not in blue space. Therefore, conventional color psychology may not be applicable to constructing the same space in a virtual environment. Previous studies have shown consistent experimental results regarding emotional responses to color stimuli; however, no consistent outcomes have been reported regarding cognitive performance. This is because the effect of color impressions is thought to depend not only on the color itself but also on what is recalled. The results of this study suggest that red in a VR environment may be interpreted as a warning color, preventing people from losing focus.

A Novel Color Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Hybrid Two-Dimensional Hyperchaos and Genetic Recombination

The transition from text to images as the primary form of information transmission has recently increased the need for secure and effective encryption techniques due to the expanding information dimensions. The color picture encryption algorithm utilizing chaotic mapping is limited by a small chaotic range, unstable chaotic state, and lengthy encryption duration. This study integrates the Ackley function and the Styblinski–Tang function into a novel two-dimensional hyperchaotic map for optimization testing. A randomness test is run on the chaotic sequence created by the system to check that the new chaotic system can better sustain the chaotic state. This study introduces two techniques, genetic recombination and clock diffusion, to simultaneously disperse and mix images at the bit level. This study utilizes chaotic sequences in genetic recombination and clock drift to propose an image encryption technique. The data indicates that the method demonstrates high encryption efficiency. At the same time, the key also successfully passed the NIST randomness test, verifying its sensitivity and randomness. The algorithm’s dependability has been demonstrated and can be utilized for color image encryption.

Mechanochromic Displays Based on Photoswitchable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomers

AbstractStimuli responsive optical materials are attractive for many areas, from healthcare to art design. However, creating intricate color‐changing patterns for visual information is still a challenge. This work describes the preparation of mechanochromic structural colored intricate pictures imprinted in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers by using a chiral isosorbide molecular photoswitch. The photoswitch contains a photoisomerizable cinnamate moiety and was incorporated in a main chain liquid crystal oligomer with photopolymerizable acrylate end groups. After coating, the structural colored film was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light in air causing E/Z isomerization of the cinnamate units leading to a redshift of the structural color of the film. A grayscale photomask was used to spatially control the photoisomerization reaction and imprint colorful pictures such as portraits and landscapes, in the cholesteric liquid crystal films with high resolution. Photopolymerization in a nitrogen atmosphere led to a mechanochromic cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer with striking structural colors that blueshift upon strain. The sharp details of the patterns were preserved even under deformation and the system returned to the initial state upon strain removal. Our work offers a simple photoswitch approach to prepare stimuli responsive optical polymers imprinted with color‐changing pictures of unprecedented complexity.

Mechanochromic Displays Based on Photoswitchable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomers.

Stimuli responsive optical materials are attractive for many areas, from healthcare to art design. However, creating intricate color-changing patterns for visual information is still a challenge. This work describes the preparation of mechanochromic structural colored intricate pictures imprinted in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers by using a chiral isosorbide molecular photoswitch. The photoswitch contains a photoisomerizable cinnamate moiety and was incorporated in a main chain liquid crystal oligomer with photopolymerizable acrylate end groups. After coating, the structural colored film was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light in air causing E/Z isomerization of the cinnamate units leading to a redshift of the structural color of the film. A grayscale photomask was used to spatially control the photoisomerization reaction and imprint colorful pictures such as portraits and landscapes, in the cholesteric liquid crystal films with high resolution. Photopolymerization in a nitrogen atmosphere led to a mechanochromic cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer with striking structural colors that blueshift upon strain. The sharp details of the patterns were preserved even under deformation and the system returned to the initial state upon strain removal. Our work offers a simple photoswitch approach to prepare stimuli responsive optical polymers imprinted with color-changing pictures of unprecedented complexity.

Reading for the future: İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, a collection without origin

ABSTRACT Reşad Ekrem Koçu’s İstanbul Ansiklopedisi (the Encyclopaedia of Istanbul) is a remarkable undertaking covering various periods in Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire and in recent Turkish history. The colourful and compelling picture of Istanbul that Koçu presented in the encyclopaedia was imbued with his nostalgia. In this article, which takes its cue from the archival turn in the twentieth century, I provide a rereading of İstanbul Ansiklopedisi by scrutinising the ways in which Koçu’s nostalgia functioned as a generative desire in the compilation of the encyclopaedia. I argue that the encyclopaedia entries link various temporalities and spatialities to create a unique, idiosyncratic Istanbul. Due to the organisation of the encyclopaedia, which entails the overlapping of different times and spaces, the encyclopaedia disrupts the linearity of history, opens up possibilities for new contexts for its readers, and generates hope for the future.

Physicochemical and sensory evaluation of the quality of crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) produced artisanally and industrially in Brazil

Palm oil is primarily used in the crude form in northeastern Brazil's cuisine. Most of its production is carried out by small manufacturers, who use the profits from sales as a subsidy to supplement their family income. Evaluating the physicochemical and sensory quality of palm oil is essential to help producers develop higher-quality artisanal products. This study aimed to analyze samples of crude palm oil produced and sold in the city of Taperoá (BA) and other industrialized brands sold in Salvador (BA). Seven palm oil samples underwent physicochemical analysis (acidity, carotenoid content, instrumental color, iodine value, peroxide value, Kreis reaction, saponification value) and sensory analysis (acceptance and ranking tests). Our findings revealed significant variation in the evaluated parameters, with most samples showing inadequate results for the regulatory parameters of acidity and iodine values, as well as unsatisfactory results for carotenoids and the Kreis reaction across all samples. Variations in color analysis were likely associated with differences in carotenoid content among the samples. The acceptance tests showed that most samples scored above average for all evaluated characteristics, except for the industrial sample from Taperoá (sample 06), which showed the lowest averages for color (4.5), odor (5.2), viscosity (3.2), and overall impression (4.3). In the ranking test, sample 02 from artisanal production (Taperoá-BA) was the most preferred in all categories, while sample 06 from industrial production (Nazaré-BA) was the least preferred in all categories. These results indicate opportunities for improving both traditional and industrial crude palm oil production methods, which could lead to an increase in income for the population that depends on this product.

Monolithic Integration of Full-Color Microdisplay Screen with Sub-5µm Quantum-Dot Pixels.

Monolithic integration of color-conversion materials onto blue-backlight micro-light-emitting-diodes (micro-LEDs) has emerged as a promising strategy for achieving full-color microdisplay devices. However, this approach still encounters challenges such as the blue-backlight leakage and the poor fabrication yield rate due to unsatisfied quantum dot (QD) material and fabrication process. Here, the monolithic integration of 0.39-inch micro-display screens displaying colorful pictures and videos are demonstrated, which are enabled by creating interfacial chemical bonds for wafer-scale adhesion of sub-5 µm QD-pixels on blue-backlight micro-LED wafer. The ligand molecule with chlorosulfonyl and silane groups is selected as the synthesis ligand and surface treatment material, facilitating the preparation of high-efficiency QD photoresist and the formation of robust chemical bonds for pixel integration. This is a leading record in micro-display devices achieving the highest brightness larger than 400 thousand nits, the ultrahigh resolution of 3300 PPI, the wide color gamut of 130.4% NTSC, and the ultimate performance of service life exceeding 1000h. These results extend the mature integrated circuit technique into the manufacture of micro-display device, which also lead the road of industrialization process of full-color micro-LEDs.

Exploring the Integration of Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Picture Color Language in Contemporary Chinese Ceramic Decoration

Exploring the Integration of Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Picture Color Language in Contemporary Chinese Ceramic Decoration

Visual Communication Design of Mobile App Interface Based on Digital

With the obvious trend of population aging, the demand of digital products for the elderly is increasing, and the visual design of APP interface is very important for the user experience of the elderly. This study will focus on how to design and optimize the interface through visual communication to enhance the application experience of elderly users. Through a comprehensive analysis of the design principles, user characteristics and use requirements of the aging reading APP, this paper discusses how to design skillfully in the aspects of color application, picture selection, typesetting layout and interactive operation, so as to create an interface that conforms to the reading habits of elderly users. Through the discussion of this study, the purpose is to provide designers and related practitioners with practical guidance and inspiration for the design of aging APP interface for elderly users. The primary aim is to advance digital product design towards a more human-centered and universally accessible direction, enhancing convenience and comfort for elderly users.

Speeding up macro‐Raman mapping by reducing the number of sampling points

AbstractMacro‐Raman mapping is an approach that allows to obtain high‐resolution molecular maps of artefacts, over an area of several square centimetres. The method is based on recording thousands of spectra in a grid. The main drawback of this method is that it is very time consuming. A straightforward approach to reduce the measurement time is achieved by reducing the number of points that are measured. Not all points of the map are equally informative: Pixels that are surrounded by similar points might be less interesting to measure. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed to select where to measure and which points to omit. The missing pixels can be filled in a posteriori, by using a suitable interpolation algorithm. The selection of the omitted pixels can be performed based on information that is available from other analytical techniques. In this case, a selection was made based on the local variances in a colour picture. The approach is evaluated by recording macro‐Raman maps of details of a Neptune watercolour painting on paper. In a first stage, the Raman intensities of the scaled and baseline corrected spectra at specific band positions were colour coded and plotted as Raman maps. The interpolation of the Raman maps yielded satisfying results. The image outline could clearly be identified in the maps, and the differently coloured zones were distinguished. Next to this univariate approach, it was demonstrated that also a multivariate data extraction method (principal component analysis) is compatible with the proposed algorithm to measure 25% less datapoints.

Effect of vitamins and zinc fortification on sensory properties and nutritional value in a functional biscuit

Abstract Biscuits are a popular baked food product known for their extended shelf life. Fortification with essential vitamins and minerals becomes imperative to enhance their nutritional values. This study aimed to enrich a functional biscuit with key nutrients, including vitamins C, D, and E, as well as the mineral zinc. A sensory parameter was examined by performing 9 point-hedonic scales for color, aroma, taste, and overall liking test, showing 1 as the lowest liking score, and 9 as the highest liking value. Proximate, vitamins and mineral analyses were performed to study the macro- and micronutrient content of the biscuits. The findings demonstrated that fortification with vitamins and minerals did not significantly alter the sensory attributes of the functional biscuit (P &gt;0.05). This study found that color, aroma, taste, and overall impression exhibited trivial variations (P &gt;0.05)) between the original and fortified biscuits, with scores of 5.55 vs. 5.50, 6.68 vs. 6.59, 6.09 vs. 5.95, and 6.18 vs. 6.00, respectively. Importantly, the study effectively increased the nutritional content of the biscuit through fortification per serving size of 35 g, 0.00 vs 2.36 mcg, 0.95 vs 5.84 mg, 0.00 vs 39.31 mg, and 0.90 vs 7.47 mg for vitamin C, D, E, and zinc, respectively. This study also showed the total energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat content for each serving size of the original and fortified biscuits, resulting in 160.01 vs 161.92 kcal, 2.69 vs 2.67 g, 21.11 vs 21.70 g, and 7.20 vs 7.16 g, respectively. In conclusion, fortifying vitamins and zinc in the functional biscuit effectively heightened its nutritional profile of vitamins and minerals, while sensory properties remained largely unaffected.

Naming in a multilingual context: Norms for the ICMR-Manipal colour picture corpus in Kannada from the Indian context

There have been many published picture corpora. However, more than half of the world’s population speaks more than one language and, as language and culture are intertwined, some of the items from a picture corpus designed for a given language in a particular culture may not fit another culture (with the same or different language). There is also an awareness that language research can gain from the study of bi-/multilingual individuals who are immersed in multilingual contexts that foster inter-language interactions. Consequently, we developed a relatively large corpus of pictures (663 nouns, 96 verbs) and collected normative data from multilingual speakers of Kannada (a southern Indian language) on two picture-related measures (name agreement, image agreement) and three word-related measures (familiarity, subjective frequency, age of acquisition), and report objective visual complexity and syllable count of the words. Naming labels were classified into words from the target language (i.e., Kannada), cognates (borrowed from/shared with another language), translation equivalents, and elaborations. The picture corpus had > 85% mean concept agreement with multiple acceptable names (1–7 naming labels) for each concept. The mean percentage name agreement for the modal name was > 70%, with H-statistics of 0.89 for nouns and 0.52 for verbs. We also analyse the variability of responses highlighting the influence of bi-/multilingualism on (picture) naming. The picture corpus is freely accessible to researchers and clinicians. It may be used for future standardization with other languages of similar cultural contexts, and relevant items can be used in languages from different cultures, following suitable standardization.

Prophet al-Khiḍr: Between the Qur’anic Text and Islamic Contexts

Khiḍr is neither well-known or well-theorized, despite the fact that he frequently appears in Muslim literature and that several Muslim civilizations have adopted his tale as their own. Building upon the extensive research and comprehensive analysis of the mysterious prophet Khiḍr by Patrick Franke and Talat Halman, Prophet al-Khiḍr: Between the Qur’anic Text and Islamic Contexts by Irfan A. Omar adds to a growing correction to this. By examining Khiḍr through a “wider frame of understanding” in Prophet al-Khiḍr, Omar hopes to demonstrate the important intersectional connections between the Khiḍr narrative and other savior-sage type stories. This covers both symbolic and legendary viewpoints in addition to textual and literary representations (22) and to ‘’examine Khiḍr’s diverse attributes as a celestial messenger entrusted with aiding the pious and truth-seekers, irrespective of time or location, status, or faith’’ (27). Omar's efforts have given us a rich, widely portrayed, painstakingly detailed, composite, and colorful picture of the Khiḍr tale throughout Islamic history and genres.

Does sleep benefit source memory? Investigating 12-h retention intervals with a multinomial modeling approach.

For retention intervals of up to 12h, the active systems consolidation hypothesis predicts that sleep compared to wakefulness strengthens the context binding of memories previously established during encoding. Sleep should thus improve source memory. By comparing retention intervals filled with natural night sleep versus daytime wakefulness, we tested this prediction in two online source-monitoring experiments using intentionally learned pictures as items and incidentally learned screen positions and frame colors as source dimensions. In Experiment 1, we examined source memory by varying the spatial position of pictures on the computer screen. Multinomial modeling analyses revealed a significant sleep benefit in source memory. In Experiment 2, we manipulated both the spatial position and the frame color of pictures orthogonally to investigate source memory for two different source dimensions at the same time, also allowing exploration of bound memory for both source dimensions. The sleep benefit on spatial source memory replicated. In contrast, no source memory sleep benefit was observed for either frame color or bound memory of both source dimensions, probably as a consequence of a floor effect in incidental encoding of color associations. In sum, the results of both experiments show that sleep within a 12-h retention interval improves source memory for spatial positions, supporting the prediction of the active systems consolidation hypothesis. However, additional research is required to clarify the impact of sleep on source memory for other context features and bound memories of multiple source dimensions.

Absorbable vs. non-absorbable suture: which one gives better results?

There is no ideal suture material or ideal sewing technique. The type of suture material affects the quality of the scars. Patient and surgeon satisfaction with the quality and comfort of the scar is one of the main goals of modern surgery. This study aims to compare the quality of scars and patient satisfaction after using two different types of sutures. This research was conducted as a prospective study that included 64 patients whose surgical wounds were closed with intradermal suture using different suturing materials according to which the patients were divided into two groups: absorbable - Monocryle (32) and non-absorbable - DemeLENE suture (32). POSAS scale and an ultrasound machine were used to assess the scars. The doctor and the patient evaluated seven parameters on two occasions, after 2 and 6weeks after the surgery. The statistically significant advantage was found after 2weeks in scars sewn with non-resorptive suture in terms of elasticity, doctor's general impression, pain, itching, color, stiffness, thickness, irregularity, and patient's general impression. After 6weeks, statistically significantly better results were shown on scars sewn with non-resorptive thread for the parameters doctor's general impression, itching, irregularity, and patient's general impression. Non-resorptive sutures show statistically significantly better results, especially after 2weeks from the patient's point of view so we consider them more comfortable and convenient to use.

DEC-DRR: deep ensemble of classification model for diabetic retinopathy recognition.

Most diabetes patients are liable to have diabetic retinopathy (DR); however, the majority of them might not be even aware of the ailment. Therefore, early detection and treatment of DR are necessary to prevent vision loss. But, avoiding DR is not a simple process. An ophthalmologist can typically identify DR through an optical evaluation of the fundus and through the evaluation of color pictures. However, due to the increased count of DR patients, this could not be possible as it consumes more time. To rectify this problem, a novel deep ensemble-based DR classification technique is developed in this work. Initially, a Wiener filter (WF) is applied for preprocessing the image. Then, the enhanced U-Net-based segmentation process is done. Subsequent to the segmentation process, features are extracted that include statistical features, inferior superior nasal temporal (ISNT), cup to disc ratio (CDR), and improved LGBP as well. Further, deep ensemble classifiers (DEC) like CNN, Bi-GRU, and DMN are used to recognize the disease. The outcomes from DMN, CNN, and Bi-GRU are then subjected to improved SLF. Additionally, the weights of DMN, CNN, and Bi-GRU are adjusted via pelican updated Tasmanian devil optimization (PU-TDO). Finally, outputs on DR (microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and soft exudates) are obtained. The performance of DEC + PU-TDO for diabetic retinopathy is computed over extant models with regard to different measures for four datasets. The results on accuracy using the DEC + PU-TDO scheme for the IDRID dataset is maximum around 0.975 at 90th LP while other models have less accuracy. The FPR of DEC + PU-TDO is less around 0.039 at the 90th LP for the SUSTech-SYSU dataset, while other extant models have maximum FPR.