Color Image Processing Techniques Research Articles

Broken stitch detection system for industrial sewing machines using HSV color space and image processing techniques

Abstract Sewing defect detection is an essential step in garment production quality control. Although sewing defects significantly influence the quality of clothing, they are yet to be studied widely compared to fabric defects. In this study, to address sewing defect detection and develop an appropriate method for small and labor-intensive garment companies, an on-machine broken stitch detection system is proposed. In hardware, a versatile mounting kit, including clamping, display, and adjustable linkage for a camera, is presented for easy installation on a typical industrial sewing machine and for placing the camera close to the sewing position. Additionally, a prototype is implemented using a low-cost single-board computer, Raspberry Pi 4 B, its camera, and Python language. For automated broken stitch detection, a method is proposed that includes removing the texture of the background fabric, image processing in the HSV color space, and edge detection for robust broken detection under various fabric and thread colors and lighting conditions. The proposed system demonstrates reasonable real-time detection accuracy. The maximum accuracy obtained on a sewing stitch dataset with 880 images and on-site tests of various industrial sewing machines is 82.5%, which is 12.1–34.6% higher than that of the two existing methods.

Color Processing System of Art Color Based on Fractional Differential Equation

Abstract This paper mainly studies a high-precision correction method for warp knitting seamless images. The color factor conversion method is used to transform the gray level of the center point in the frequency domain. Then this paper proposes an image-denoising method based on an average way to improve image quality. The multichannel scalar channel is solved using the gradient domain method, and the fractional differential equations of two images are given. A structure tensor matrix is constructed to describe the geometric properties of images. The regional contrast of the image is calculated by using the characteristics of adjacent layers of pixels. The fusion of multiple images is based on the limitations of object functionality. This can make the texture structure of artistic color pictures more obvious. The experiment of color restoration shows that this method has a good interpretation effect. The color image processing technique has obtained an excellent restoration effect.

Hue-preserving color enhancement under a cylindrical model without geometric deformation of the RGB color cube

Some commonly used color models have their associated cylindrical representations that severely deform the RGB color cube. In this paper, color image processing techniques are studied under a color model that uses the distance from a color point to the gray diagonal of the RGB color cube as a component, thereby forming a cylindrical model that does not deform the color cube. This distance component is closely related to color vividness and can be used as a color processing channel by itself. The space of this cylindrical model is larger than the RGB color cube, so the gamut problem may occur when color processing is not well controlled. This paper introduces a method to solve the gamut problem by compressing color overflow near the boundary of the color cube. This allows free application of conventional processing methods of redistributing the values of a component. With the proposed compressing method, the usual techniques of adjusting the distribution can be used in two components including the intensity component and the distance component without worrying about the gamut problem, providing an effect that is difficult to achieve by other pseudo cylindrical models geometrically deforming the RGB color cube.

Multiphase Flow Control with Embedded System and Color Image Processing

In Oil and Gas Industry, Multiphase Flow of Oil, Gas and Water is present during exploration, transmission, refining process. Finding the content of oil, gas and water is very important for decision making of exploration, transmission and refining process. Using mechanical instruments is not very efficient, as they are bulky, expensive and not very accurate, so using electronic instruments with embedded system and sensors will capture the image of fluid and then converting that image to digital form. Once the image in digital form, we applied image processing technics of de-blurring to increase the accuracy and then calculating the pixels of oil, gas and water to find content profile. Installing these sensors at two points is used to find velocity profile of fluid. We have successfully fabricated multiphase flow metering (MFM) system using local resources. This system is designed to study the application of wire mesh tomography and for capturing image data of multiphase flow of fluids with the help of embedded system and used de-blurring algorithm of image processing, to increase accuracy of content profile and correlation technique was applied to find velocity profile, then with color image processing techniques, content profile of oil, gas and water was calculated to see that calculation of oil, gas and water are the same and verified as it was obtained from the image processing and de-blurring techniques. Results obtained were quite encouraging. Keywords: Correlation, De-blurring, Embedded System, Flow Control, Image Processing, Multiphase

Visual Tracking of Deformation and Classification of Non-Rigid Objects with Robot Hand Probing

Performing tasks with a robot hand often requires a complete knowledge of the manipulated object, including its properties (shape, rigidity, surface texture) and its location in the environment, in order to ensure safe and efficient manipulation. While well-established procedures exist for the manipulation of rigid objects, as well as several approaches for the manipulation of linear or planar deformable objects such as ropes or fabric, research addressing the characterization of deformable objects occupying a volume remains relatively limited. The paper proposes an approach for tracking the deformation of non-rigid objects under robot hand manipulation using RGB-D data. The purpose is to automatically classify deformable objects as rigid, elastic, plastic, or elasto-plastic, based on the material they are made of, and to support recognition of the category of such objects through a robotic probing process in order to enhance manipulation capabilities. The proposed approach combines advantageously classical color and depth image processing techniques and proposes a novel combination of the fast level set method with a log-polar mapping of the visual data to robustly detect and track the contour of a deformable object in a RGB-D data stream. Dynamic time warping is employed to characterize the object properties independently from the varying length of the tracked contour as the object deforms. The proposed solution achieves a classification rate over all categories of material of up to 98.3%. When integrated in the control loop of a robot hand, it can contribute to ensure stable grasp, and safe manipulation capability that will preserve the physical integrity of the object.

Unicode 기반 다국어 명함인식기 개발

명함을 이용한 전세계적인 고객 관리 시스템을 구축하기 위해 다국어 명함인식기를 개발하였다. 먼저 다양한 언어의 문자인식 및 학습을 위해 Unicode 기반 문자 이미지 DB를 구축하였으며, 다양한 입력 장치를 통해 획득한 명함 영상에 대하여 정확한 데이터를 얻기 위한 다양한 컬러영상 처리 기술이 적용되었다. 다음에 다층 퍼셉트론 신경망, 언어 유형별 개별 문자인식, 각 언어별 명함에 사용된 필드별 키워드 DB를 이용한 후처리를 적용하여 명함 인식률을 향상시켰다. We developed a multi-lingual namecard recognizer for building up a global client management systems. At first, we created the Unicode-based character image database for character recognition and learning of multi languages, and applied many color image processing techniques to get more correct data for namecard images which were acquired by various input devices. And by applying multi-layer perceptron neural network, individual character recognition applied for language types, and post-processing utilizing keyword databases made for individual languages, we increased a recognition rate for multi-lingual namecards.

SU-GG-T-399: Automated Colony Counting Using Color and Image Processing Techniques

Purpose: To automatically and efficiently count cell‐clusters of a clonogenic assay using color information and image processing techniques. Method and Materials: A computer algorithm was designed in the Matlab (Natick, MA) programming environment to automatically count cell colonies. In this implementation, six‐well tissue culture plates with stained colonies were scanned using a commercial flatbed scanner. These images were then read into the program as three‐channel (Red, Green, Blue) color images. Color windows were applied to each channel to isolate colony clusters from the background. Region labeling techniques were then used to identify individual cell clusters. Next, individual cluster statistics (area, eccentricity, etc.) were obtained and used to determine if a cluster were a viable colony (>50 cells) and whether it was a single, double or triple colony. The number of colonies counted was compared with the number determined manually. Results: The images obtained from the flatbed scanner were of high quality and were observed to have minimal shadowing effects. The time for the automated colony counting software to analyze and count individual wells was on the order of 7–20 sec. Comparison between manual and computer‐assisted counting showed agreement of 3–5%. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the number of colonies counted manually or with the computer program. Conclusion:Images from the flatbed scanner effectively represent the required colony data, and no advanced equipment is required to record the images. Color range filtering removed the need for most post‐processing techniques and also is an effective method for dealing with errors from shadowing along the edges of the plates. Use of this automated technique will allow for a large quantity of clonogenic survival data to be analyzed in an efficient and consistent manner.

Basal Lamina Visualization Using Color Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

In histologic assessment, the absence of basal lamina is a useful feature for distinguishing invasive malignancy from benign and in situ lesions. As this feature is not possible to assess in routine H&E sections, pathologists have instead relied on histochemical and immunohistochemical stains to show components of the basal lamina such as laminin or type IV collagen. Standard image-processing software with the necessary image-processing toolbox (Matlab v5, Mathworks, Natick, MA) was used in a unique combination of color image processing and pattern recognition techniques to accentuate the collagenous stroma surrounding glands, which approximates basal lamina, in a series of benign, in situ, and invasive breast proliferations. Distinct differences in pattern were found between benign and invasive lesions, and also between in situ and malignant lesions, corresponding to that observed with type IV collagen immunostaining. Compared with immunostaining, this computer-generated method had a sensitivity of 0.96, specificity of 0.89, positive predictive value of 0.92, negative predictive value of 0.89, positive likelihood ratio of 9.1, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.042. Digital image processing serves as a less expensive and faster way of visualizing basal lamina and represents a useful adjunct to identify invasive malignancy in routinely stained sections. In addition, digital visualization of basal lamina is readily amenable to quantitative assessment, and the method provides a basis for the development of computer-based cancer diagnosis.

Person following and mobile robot via arm-posture driving using color and stereovision

This paper describes an approach to arm-posture recognizing and interpreting by mobile robot while following a person. We combine color and stereo cues to detect and track a person in dynamic indoor environments in real-time. The arm-postures are very simple and can be described by a spatial relation between a person's face and hands. Color image processing and labeling techniques are used to detect candidates of face, hands and shirt. The localization and recognition take place by analyzing the labeled images and utilizing a range histogram. Using heuristics for the size and spatial relations we can locate the tracked person as well as the person's face and hands. Experiments conducted with a Pioneer 2 DX mobile robot equipped with an active color camera and a stereovision system have shown the presented approach to be repeatable and robust to noise.

Integrating New Color Image Processing Techniques with Color Management

Integrating New Color Image Processing Techniques with Color Management

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Blood Vessels from in vivo Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography Images

Purpose: Current laser treatment for vascular disorders such as port wine stains can have incomplete or unacceptable results. A customized treatment strategy based on knowledge of the patient’s blood vessel structure may effect an improved clinical outcome. Procedure: We tested the feasibility of using color Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) and image processing techniques to locate, measure and reconstruct cutaneous blood vessels in rat and hamster skin. OCT is a recent, potentially noninvasive technique for imaging subsurface tissue structures with micrometer scale resolution. Results: Blood vessels were identified in a series of cross-sectional images, then a three-dimensional reconstruction was made. Parameters that can affect optimum laser treatment parameters, such as average blood vessel depth and luminal diameter, were found from the images. Conclusion: This study shows that color Doppler OCT is a potential tool for improving laser treatment of vascular disorders.

感温液晶を用いた温度計測の角度による補正と測定幅の拡大について

Thermo-sensitve liquid crystal display thermal distribution as it changes color according to temperature. By using the developed color image processing technique, spatial thermal information can be obtained. However, modification of the relation between color and temperature is necessary, because the color also depends on an observation angle. The modification is made possible by observing color distribution in the constant temperature field. Liquid crystal is in general inappropriate for measuring a wide thermal range, because its thermo-sensitive range is relatively narrow. Authors expanded this approach to measurement of a wider temperature range using two mixed ratios of liquid crystal with different thermo-sensitive ranges. Applying this approach, thermal plume in a natural convection field is successfully examined.

C222 感温液晶を用いた温度計測に関する研究

Knowledge of the temperature distribution in a flow field is very useful for understanding not only the convective heat transfer mechanism but also the structure of the flow field itself. Liquid crystals change their color according to temperature and show temperature distribution. By using the developed color image processing technique the spatial information of temperature is obtained. It is important to obtain relation between temperature and color. Color of liquid crystals is affected observation angle of slit light other than temperature. Therefore, we calibrated not only relation between color and temperatures but also observation angles. Temperature measurement range is narrow because color change of liquid crystal is small for temperature change. In this study, a method using mixed liquid crystals is able to expand the temperature measurement range. We distinguish mixed liquid crystals using color image processing technique.

フルカラー画像処理による屋根材の腐食評価法

フルカラー画像処理による屋根材の腐食評価法

ANALYSIS of EXPANDED‐FOOD TEXTURE BY IMAGE PROCESSING PART I: GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES

Color image processing techniques were developed to characterize the textural properties of expanded food products. Three major approaches were taken to extract image features from surface and cross‐section images of a test product. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was employed to measure the cell size and density. Correlation and regression analyses were performed between the image features and SEM measurements. A number of image features were found highly descriptive of texture‐related geometric properties.

135 ディジタルカラー画像解析による低温壁面上の温度分布の測定

A color image processing technique has been applid to measure the temperature on a wall cooled by a cold air jet. Temperature distribution on the wall was visualized by a thereto-sensitive liquid crystal sheet. To achieve the color image analysis, the optical characteristics affecting to the temperature measure-ments, e.g, intensity of refractive light, relative angle between camera, crys-tal sheet and illumination, media configurations between camera and the crystal sheet, were quantitatively evaluated. The reflected colors from the liquid crys-tal-sheet were captured through a 3-tips color TV camera and the temperature distribution was obtained through a neural network color-temperature calibration scheme. This color image analysis is capable of measuring the spatial distribu-tion of mean temperature on the wall.

An efficient way of convection heat transfer measurement on a curved surface

Accurate determination of convective heat transfer coefficients on complex surfaces with high spatial resolution is essential in the design and analysis of thermal systems. This study focuses on the implementation of a recently developed true color image-processing technique for the quantitative interpretation of liquid crystal images obtained from a curved surface. The interpretation includes the use of a linear hue versus temperature relation as an accurate temperature measuring tool, a color image analysis system and a transient heat transfer model for the conversion of time accurate temperature information into heat transfer coefficient maps. A square to rectangular transition duct is used as a heat transfer model representative of a curved geometry. The transient heat transfer experiments are performed with ambient temperature air in the transition duct model which is preheated by a custom designed electric heater. The measurements are performed on the curved bottom surface of the transition duct. Two dimensional surface distributions of heat transfer coefficient on the curved surface are presented with high spatial resolution. The hue-capturing technique provides extremely fine details of heat transfer coefficient when compared to other conventional discrete sensor methods. The technique is a highly automated heat transfer measurement method which reduces lengthy data reduction processes and significantly improves spatial resolution.

B208 カラー画像解析による温度・速度の同時計測

The Visualization technique using micro capsuled thermo-sensing liquid crystals (TLC) suspension method can be obtained to the information both temperature and velocity, simultaneously. It is, however, not so easy to apply its technique to the quantitative measurement. This paper presents a procedure to determine the instantaneous isothermal temperature distributions in a time-varying thermal flow field visualized by the TLC tracer particles. Liquid crystal video images photographed by a 3-CCD camera are digitized into three frames concerning the intensities of red, green and blue light. These three RGB images are filtrated by the weighted averaging method. By using Munsell color system. the relations between colors and temperatures are calibrated. This color image processing technique has been applied to the unsteady thermal flow field, and two dimensional isothermal temperature distributions were successfully measured.

Head slider flying height measurement using a color image processing technique.

A new method was developed to measure the head slider flying height in magnetic disk devices. The interference color fringe created in the clearance between slider and the glass disk was characterized by using a color image processing technique. The relation between hue and the flying height was obtained within a 0.0073 micrometer error. The presented method makes use of the phase difference among RGB signals, so it does not depend on the light intensity distribution in the TV field, which comes from optical devices. In addition, the presented method gives spatially continuous flying height attitude with a high resolution over a wide range.

Flying height measurement of a head slider using color image processing technique.

A new method to measure the flying height of head sliders in magnetic disk devices was developed. The interference color fringe created in the clearance between the slider and the glass disk was characterized by using the color image processing technique. The relation between hue and the flying height was obtained within 0.0073μm accuracy. The presented method makes use of the phase difference among RGB signals, so it doesn't depend on the light intensity distribution in the TV field, which comes from the optical devices. In addition, the present method gives continuous flying height attitudes.