Color Elements Research Articles

Ensemble percepts of colored targets among distractors are influenced by hue similarity, not categorical identity.

Color can be used to group similar elements, and ensemble percepts of color can be formed for such groups. In real-life settings, however, elements of similar color are often spatially interspersed among other elements and seen against a background. Forming an ensemble percept of these elements would require the segmentation of the correct color signals for integration. Can the human visual system do this? We examined whether observers can extract the ensemble mean hue from a target hue distribution among distractors and whether a color category boundary between target and distractor hues facilitates ensemble hue formation. Observers were able to selectively judge the target ensemble mean hue, but the presence of distractor hues added noise to the ensemble estimates and caused perceptual biases. The more similar the distractor hues were to the target hues, the noisier the estimates became, possibly reflecting incomplete or inaccurate segmentation of the two hue ensembles. Asymmetries between nominally equidistant distractors and substantial individual variability, however, point to additional factors beyond simple mixing of target and distractor distributions. Finally, we found no evidence for categorical facilitation in selective ensemble hue formation.

The Function of Color Elements in the Creation of Film and Television Art

The Function of Color Elements in the Creation of Film and Television Art

Evaluating the Impact of Elementary School Urban Neighborhood Color on Children’s Mentalization of Emotions through Multi-Source Data

To address the challenge of quantitatively assessing the mentalization of emotions in color design schemes, this study uses Baidu Street View images and deep learning, integrates multi-source data, and innovatively constructs a color data model based on a comprehensive color indicator system for the quantitative assessment and visual representation of how the color environments of elementary school urban neighborhoods impact children’s mentalization of emotions. This model systematically incorporates physical color indicators, integrates elements such as perceptual frequency, and provides a novel perspective for color planning. The study’s results reveal that color metrics significantly impact children’s mentalization of emotions across multiple dimensions, with gender and age emerging as important influencing factors. Additionally, significant correlations were found between color and environmental elements such as building façades, roads, and signs. The study provides urban planners and architects with a practical color data model and recommendations for the revitalization of elementary school urban neighborhoods, offering a scientific basis for optimizing color design.

Photogallery. HIV infection and neoplastic skin diseases

Malignant neoplasms constitute a group of the most important secondary diseases that develop in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first neoplastic disease described in HIV-infected patients is Kaposi's sarcoma. In contrast to other types of Kaposi's sarcoma, its epidemic (AIDS-associated) type is more common in young and middle-aged HIV-positive individuals, especially among men who have same-sex sex. Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma does not have a favourite localisation. However, there is a tendency to lesions of the scalp (face, ear flaps), upper extremities, anogenital area, oral mucosa. On the trunk, the pathological process spreads along the Langer lines. Skin rashes are represented by spotty, papular, nodular elements of red-brown or purple colour. The aggressive course is characteristic: rapid dissemination and generalisation of rashes. Plasmoblastic lymphoma is associated with immunodeficiency states and is rare. The tumour lesion is usually located in the oral cavity. Few cases of plasmoblastic lymphoma with skin and soft tissue involvement have been described in the literature. Squamous cell skin cancer in the context of HIV infection is a dangerous disease. In people living with HIV, it manifests at a significantly earlier age and is associated with a high risk of local recurrence. The extent of invasion and the likelihood of metastasis are influenced by HIV-associated immunodeficiency. In the vast majority of cases, risk factors and clinical manifestations of basal cell skin cancer do not differ from those in immunocompetent individuals. Basal cell carcinomas rarely metastasise. Nevertheless, metastatic forms lead to unfavourable outcome. Here is a photo gallery of cases of neoplastic skin lesions developed in HIV-positive patients.

Study on Cyberpunk Style in Movies

Cyberpunk is a fusion of cybernetics and punk, also known as digital punk. It originates from science fiction and primarily explores the future development of humanity in relation to artificial intelligence. The purpose of this thesis is to study the influence of cyberpunk style on film-making's theme, graphics, and post-effects. The movies theme mainly centers around anti-Utopian ideas, exploring the future fate of mankind and artificial intelligence with a pessimistic prediction. It explores the potential threat that artificial intelligence poses to the future society under the civilization of high mechanical development so as to criticize the contemporary society and cause self-reflection of human beings. Cinematography mainly utilizes colorful sci-fi elements such as skyscrapers and neon lights to create a futuristic world. In terms of color matching, dark scenes use low saturated dark colors to create a gloomy rainy day feeling while bright scenes employ reds, purples, and other highly saturated hues for a magical atmosphere that increases contrast between light and dark colors for visual impact. The post-film picture effects and background sound effects are very important for cyberpunk movies. Picture effects adjust the hue, saturation and lightness of the bright parts and enhance 3D buildings and cars to create a futuristic intoxicating atmosphere. Meanwhile, the music combines industrial, rock and other music styles to collide with special effects and sound effects, creating a virtual future space. Analyzing the western movie The Matrix and the Chinese movie Heaven Sent confirms our viewpoints and put forward expectations for human society. Ultimately, it comes to the conclusion that cyberpunk is not only a style, but also a way to convey new ideas.

Fixational eye movements and their associated evoked potentials during natural vision are altered in schizophrenia

BackgroundVisual exploration is abnormal in schizophrenia; however, few studies have investigated the physiological responses during selecting objectives in more ecological scenarios. This study aimed to demonstrate that people with schizophrenia have difficulties observing the prominent elements of an image due to a deficit mechanism of sensory modulation (active sensing) during natural vision. MethodsAn electroencephalogram recording with eye tracking data was collected on 18 healthy individuals and 18 people affected by schizophrenia while looking at natural images. These had a prominent color element and blinking produced by changes in image luminance. ResultsWe found fewer fixations when all images were scanned, late focus on prominent image areas, decreased amplitude in the eye-fixation-related potential, and decreased intertrial coherence in the SCZ group. ConclusionsThe decrease in the visual attention response evoked by the prominence of visual stimuli in patients affected by schizophrenia is generated by a reduction in endogenous attention mechanisms to initiate and maintain visual exploration. Further work is required to explain the relationship of this decrease with clinical indicators.

Penerapan Bentuk Dinamis Dalam Membangun Suasana Pada Ruang Tunggu RSUD Pandega Pangandaran

The interior design of hospital waiting rooms plays a crucial role in providing comfort and reducing stress for patients and visitors. In a medical environment, the psychological and physical factors of waiting room design can significantly impact the overall user experience. This study aims to explore and implement dynamic design forms in the waiting room of RSUD Pandega Pangandaran to enhance user experience quality. The methodology employed in this research includes field observations to understand the existing conditions, in-depth interviews with users to identify their needs and preferences, and a comprehensive literature review on dynamic interior design, ergonomic principles, and environmental psychology theories. The findings of the study indicate that the use of dynamic forms, combined with soothing color elements, optimal natural and artificial lighting, and ergonomic and flexible furniture arrangements, can significantly improve the comfort and satisfaction of waiting room users. This study emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach in designing hospital waiting rooms that not only focuses on aesthetics but also on functional and psychological aspects to create a more humane environment that supports the healing process

Branding consistency across product portfolios in the wine industry

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine branding consistency for wine labels. The front label on wine bottles is important for identifying the brand and aiding purchase. Many brands are part of brand families, with the sub-brands linked to the overall brand family. This research provides an overview of how the front label varies across product portfolios of wine brands, noting the importance placed on branding elements and the level of consistency in their use across the brand portfolio.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose and test a new method to measure branding consistency on labels from the same brand family. Two coding frameworks were created. The first recorded the incidence of brand elements and wine attributes. The second coded wine labels within a company’s portfolio based on the consistency of various brand elements. A total of 3,000 branding elements and wine attributes from 300 wine labels were examined across 60 wine brands from a list of Australian wineries.FindingsGrape variety, brand name and region are used across >90% of wine labels. Branding is presented more prominently than wine attributes. Sub-brand, region, price and variety did not influence branding consistency. Logo presence, logo image on label and colour elements contribute to the greatest variation in branding consistency across a product portfolio.Originality/valueThis study proposes and tests a novel method to measure branding consistency on wine labels and explores the extent to which consistent branding is used across product portfolios. Descriptive research is the first step to theory building. This study provides industry norms for attribute use and a measure of branding consistency for product portfolios giving valuable descriptive knowledge.

A Study on the Colour Elements and Symbols of Foshan Awakening Lion Head

This paper studies the colour symbolism of the Foshan awakening lion head, a key element of Foshan’s cultural heritage and the lion dance. The lion head’s colours are closely tied to the region’s history, culture, and community beliefs. The study examines various colours and their meanings, exploring how they contribute to the lion head’s visual and symbolic impact. Using qualitative methods, including literature reviews, artisan interviews, and field observations, the research looks at traditional and evolving colour schemes in Foshan Awakening Lion Heads. The findings show that each colour and pattern holds specific cultural significance, symbolising values like auspiciousness and prosperity. The paper stresses the importance of preserving these colour symbols to maintain the cultural identity of the Foshan lion dance, while also recognising the need for respectful evolution in response to contemporary tastes.

Urban Perception Assessment from Street View Images Based on a Multifeature Integration Encompassing Human Visual Attention

Urban perception is a multifaceted process, spanning from vision to cognitive interpretation. Earlier studies on urban perception assessment have primarily concentrated on the analysis of graphic features of street view images such as color or semantic elements, neglecting the vital human sensory fixation features in cognitive processes. This study leveraged eye-tracking technology to accumulate human visual attention data during emotion scoring of street view images. Additionally, a deep learning network model was proposed to forecast human visual attention areas by assimilating environmental features such as image color, depth, and semantic elements, and subsequently amalgamating the aforementioned environmental features and visual attention to establish a perception prediction model, capable of predicting urban perception on a larger scale. Finally, the reliability and superiority of the urban perception prediction method were confirmed through ablation experiments and bias analysis. On the one hand, the method enhances the prediction accuracy of urban perception; on the other, it investigates the comprehensive influence of multiple features on human subjective emotions from the external environment perspective and individual perspective. This approach transcends the former limited reliance on single-image features, providing a novel and scientific approach for assessing urban perception.

A systematic review of emotional design research in multimedia learning

AbstractThis study provides a current systematic review of emotional design research in the multimedia learning domain and explores how emotional design is studied in multimedia learning. All studies on emotional design in multimedia learning published until 2023 were examined thoroughly. In this study, 51 journal articles were identified based on PRISMA guidelines and reviewed regarding emotional state parameters, emotional design techniques, emotional and other measurements, learning materials, research methodologies, and learning outcomes. The analysis provided several salient findings. Firstly, there has been growing interest in emotional design. Secondly, the impact of emotional design on learning outcomes, emotional states, motivation, and cognitive load was explored. Thirdly, most studies preferred subjective measurements or indirect objective measurements. Fourthly, there was a tendency to examine the effects of shape and color elements in the emotional design techniques. Lastly, the studies reported contradictory results on learning outcomes but agreed that emotional design had a positive impact on motivation and emotional state. This review highlights research gaps and provides recommendations for future studies in the field of emotional design in multimedia learning.

Study on the Color Design of Elderly Space based on Design Color Science

The article applies the principle of art color science, through the analysis of the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly group and the various feelings of the color environment of the housing interior space, and carries out a series of research on the color matching method of the housing interior space of the elderly. Artistic color theory is a theory about color, and as a research method, it takes "color" as the focus, not just as an ordinary or auxiliary element, but as the "center" to be considered. The researcher can identify the "central" element of color through the artwork, explore the history of color development, color techniques and expressions, color symbols, and cultural symbolism, as well as the symbolic meaning and significance of ethnicity, nation, or country implied by color in the artwork, Art colorism, as a theory and method of interpreting the artwork.

Exploring the Impact of Facade Color Elements on Visual Comfort in Old Residential Buildings in Shanghai: Insights from Eye-Tracking Technology

Building façade color plays a key role in shaping urban image, enhancing urban vitality, and optimizing citizens’ living experience. Moreover, colors can influence people’s perception of space, but the multiple interrelationships between color elements and users’ color evaluation and visual perception have not yet been thoroughly studied. In order to explore the relationships between color elements and visual perception and subjective comfort, this study discusses the matching relationship between color and the comfort of a residential building façade from three levels of color hue, lightness, and saturation by combining eye movement technology and a subjective evaluation. Taking Anshan San Village in Shanghai as the research object, the relationship model between color elements, visual perception, and subjective comfort is established through correlation analysis, linear regression, and multifactor regression analysis, and the correlation between single elements and multiple elements is explored from multi-dimensional perspectives. It aims to assess the operability of eye movement data as a measure of the visual comfort with the residential building façade color through multiple indicators and to explore and establish a new correlation assessment framework between the three attributes of façade color and users’ visual comfort. The results show that (1) highly saturated façade colors significantly increase cognitive load and decrease color evaluation. (2) Brightness has a non-linear relationship with visual perception and subjective evaluation, either too high or too low a brightness value will cause visual fatigue and thus reduce the color evaluation, and when the brightness is maintained at 40–80%, there will be a better color experience. (3) Warm tones such as red, orange, and yellow can strengthen the color perception to enhance the color evaluation of the façade; among cold tones, cyan and purple can also strengthen the visual perception of the color of the façade to enhance the color evaluation. After validation, the proposed new color comfort assessment method is feasible and comprehensive, and we hope it can provide a reference for the planning of old residential buildings and communities in the future.

The Application of Emotional Colours and Their Pattern Elements in Product Packaging

This study aims to explore that in contemporary product packaging design, emotional colour, as an important means of conveying emotions visually, can stimulate consumers' emotional resonance and enhance the attractiveness of product packaging. Through the analysis of the association of different colours in the consumer's psychology, combined with the design of pattern elements, the product packaging is more personalized and emotional characteristics. Reasonable use of emotional colour and pattern elements in product packaging design can effectively enhance product brand awareness and consumer purchase intention. In order to achieve the objective object of the product a transcendence and enhancement, so as to give the product itself a richer emotional value, enhance the competitiveness of the product market, for product promotion and marketing provides a new perspective and strategy.

Studi Deskriptif Karya Seni Rupa Berbahn Clay Tepung

This study aims to describe the process of making art works made from clay flour and works of fine art made from clay flour in class IV A SDN 32 Bengkulu City. This type of research is qualitative, with participant observation techniques, and qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects were all students of class IV A 32 elemnetary school in Bengkulu City, totaling 20 students. The research instrument used was a human instrument (the researcher himself), by using observation guidelines and interview guidlines. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out during the process of making the work and after the work was finished by referring to the fine arts elements and the principles of fine arts. Research results are (1)the process of making fine works of clay flour begins with preparing the tools and materials used, namely scissors, cutter, small rollers, straw, pins, toothpicks, cutton bud handles, ruler, lighters and painting brushes, followed by the implementation of making works from determining the theme, making shapes out of clay’s flour dough, laying out and arranging the forms that have been made and drying the work. (2) The results of artwork made with flour clay has used the guidelines elements of fine arts and the principles of fine arts, namely the elements of point, lines, fields, shapes, colors, textures and space. Then, the principle of unity, balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, and harmony.

A spatiotemporal attention-augmented ConvLSTM model for ocean remote sensing reflectance prediction

Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) is an essential parameter in ocean color remote sensing and a fundamental input for the estimation of ocean color elements. Predicting Rrs has the potential to enable simultaneous prediction of multiple marine environmental parameters, facilitating multi-perspective analysis of marine environmental changes. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal attention-augmented ConvLSTM-based model for ocean Rrs prediction. The developed model can predict Rrs for up to seven days by simultaneously learning spatiotemporal features from time series Rrs and auxiliary environmental variables. According to the experiments, the proposed model achieves optimal performances on Rrs predictions at 443, 488, and 555 nm, with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for the first four prediction days less than 5.6*10-4 sr-1 and 8.6 %, respectively, which are better than the performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN), the LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and the ConvLSTM. The spatial and temporal variations of Rrs are also compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, presenting a consistent spatiotemporal pattern between predicted and observed Rrs. We also found that integrating sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), and aerosol optical thickness at 869 nm (AOT869) into the model can improve the prediction accuracy in various degrees. This work suggests the proposed deep learning model can predict Rrs for 7 days with a convincing performance, providing critical data and technical support for ocean-related applications, such as algae bloom monitoring.

Study on the Translation and Application of Hakka Cultural Symbols in Heyuan Tourist Food Packaging

According to the present situation of tourism food packaging design in Heyuan area, the problems such as lack of creativity, lack of cultural connotation and single function are found out. Color elements, modeling elements and decorative elements from Hakka culture are extracted and translated into tourist food packaging by means of design semiotics, and digital media technology is integrated to focus on functional innovation of food packaging. The design strategy of Hakka cultural translation in Heyuan tourist food packaging is proposed: “Modeling transplantation and theme narrative” highlight regional characteristics. “Visual presentation and emotional resonance” gives spiritual connotation. “Hakka culture and technology integration” highlights cultural inheritance, and applies it to the design of tourism food packaging, which is conducive to the dissemination and development of traditional culture. It helps to shape a good brand image, and further realizes the cultural value and economic value of tourism food packaging.

A Study on Chinese Consumer Preference for the Tea Packaging Design: Focusing on the Comparative Analysis of China, Korea, and Japan Tea Packaging Designs

Tea packaging reflects the cultural characteristics of different countries from all the following aspects: design concept, color, pattern elements, layout, and choice of materials. This study aims to propose means of improving Chinese tea packaging through the understanding of the formation processes of the tea culture concepts of Korea, China, and Japan. The study is based on comparative research and analysis of tea packaging in the three countries influenced by tea culture. The audience perspective was adopted to select three well-known tea brands in Korea, China, and Japan for comparative analysis. We combined qualitative and quantitative methods to compare tea culture elements, color elements, patterns, fonts, and image layouts of the visual language symbols. A total of 556 reliable questionnaires were obtained from the 600 questionnaires administered to varied age groups in China, and SPSS statistical data were used for the analysis, which revealed the following results. First, the colors and picture layouts of Korean tea packaging are more popular than those of China and Japan. Second, the pattern designs of Chinese tea packaging are more popular than those of Korea and Japan. Third, the font designs of the Japanese tea packaging are more popular than those of China and Korea. Fourth, the intention to buy tea is more predominant in Korea than in China and Japan. Korean, Chinese, and Japanese tea cultures and tea packaging designs are related to each other, and the visual language symbols of tea packaging design absorb the relevant tea culture heritage. It is also hoped that the visual language symbols of the tea packaging designs of the three countries can learn from each other through the present study and new and innovative ideas can emerge in tea packaging designs in tandem with the domestic tea culture inheritance. The comparison and discussion of the differences, problems, supplementary schemes, and improvement directions of Chinese tea packaging design enabled us to posit modern and systematic fundamental information about Chinese tea packaging.

WHITE BLOOD CELL CANCER CLASSIFICATION USING MODIFIED HONEY BEE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM (MHBO) BASED FEATURE SELECTION AND NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFICATION MODEL

A blood malignancy known as leukemia is defined by the bone marrow's abnormal and uncontrollably high production of leukocytes, or white blood cells (WBCs). It is possible to identify and diagnose illnesses early by examining photographs of minute blood cells. lately, hematopathologists have been analyzing, detecting, and identifying leukemia kinds in patients utilizing image-processing techniques. Since no specialized equipment is required for lab testing, image detection is a quick and affordable way of detection. Several image processing tools are created for obtaining significant data from medical photos to enhance patient diagnosis. In this research, a feed forward-back propagation neural network framework is presented, and the kind of cancer found in the cells is ultimately predicted. First, the provided photos are subjected to the filtering procedure. The second method is the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) technique, which is reliable in the face of changing illumination levels and considers the stability levels of color elements to identify edges among color bone marrow microscopic pictures. Third Active contour detection provides an accurate curve of the boundary edge of the cells. And then the background separation is done by Pinched Flow Fractionation (PFF). Then the feature extraction is carried out by the Modified Honey Bee optimization algorithm (MHBO). Finally, the Feed Forward Back Propagation Neural Network (FFBNN) framework-based classifier is proposed for predicting the white blood cells. Based on the findings, this suggested approach created an automated system that allows medical practitioners to accurately diagnose all forms and subtypes of the disease. Keywords: Bone marrow microscopic images, Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), Pinched Flow Fractionation (PFF), Modified honey bee optimization algorithm (MHBO), Feed Forward Back Propagation Neural Network framework

The biofilm removal effect and osteogenic potential on the titanium surface by electrolytic cleaning: An invitro comparison of electrolytic parameters and five techniques.

To determine the optimal current and time of electrolytic cleaning (EC), compare its biofilm removal effect with generic treatments and evaluate the influence of EC to surface characteristics and osteogenic potential of SLA titanium (Ti) discs. The six-species biofilm-covered Ti discs were placed as cathodes in physiologic saline and subjected to various current and time treatments. The residual biofilms were evaluated to determine the optimal parameters. The contaminated Ti discs were randomized and treated by rotating Ti brush; ultrasonic-scaling with metal tips; ultrasonic-scaling with PEEK tips; air-polishing and EC. The residual biofilms were compared using a lipopolysaccharide kit (LPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony-forming unit counting. Non-contaminated Ti discs were treated and characterized. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured on treated non-contaminated Ti discs. The adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin level of BMSCs were assessed. The parameters at 0.6A5min were considered optimal. For LPS and SEM, EC promoted a significantly greater biofilm removal than the other groups. There were no changes in the Ti discs' colour, topography, roughness and chemical elements after EC, and the electrolysis-treated Ti discs obtained a super-hydrophilic surface. EC positively impacted the proliferation and ALP activity of BMSCs, surpassing the efficacy of alternative treatments. EC achieves a near-complete eradication of contaminants on the SLA surface, causes no surface damage with improved hydrophilicity, and promotes the early osteogenic response of BMSCs, which makes it a promising treatment for peri-implantitis.