Color Box Research Articles

Color Box: Educational Product for Teaching Light and Color Physics, an Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

As ondas eletromagnéticas estão presentes em diversas aplicações tecnológicas do cotidiano, desde telecomunicações até questões relacionadas ao aquecimento global e cuidados com a saúde. Assim, a inclusão de produtos educacionais experimentais, expositivos e lúdicos sobre este assunto não pode ser negligenciada no ensino formal. O presente trabalho apresenta a construção de um produto educacional (PE) experimental e interativo que apresenta a dependência da cor em relação à luz visível, assim como o fenômeno da luminescência em alguns materiais quando expostos à radiação ultravioleta. Trata-se de uma câmara escura equipada com lâmpadas nas cores, vermelha, verde e azul, além de uma fonte ultravioleta (UV). O dispositivo foi construído utilizando materiais acessíveis e de baixo custo. As lâmpadas podem ser ligadas independentemente ou em conjunto, e a percepção da cor do objeto dependerá das cores da luz que o ilumina. Portanto, o PE pode ser empregado no estudo da teoria das cores. A inclusão da fonte UV permite a observação da luminescência de objetos quando expostos a ela, fenômeno frequentemente retrato em filmes e séries policiais. Essas substâncias fotoluminescentes estão presentes em diversos materiais, como papel sulfite e sabão em pó.

Factors influencing the Shear Wave Elastography evaluation of the patellar tendon.

There is no clear standardization for tendon Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), and data regarding the factors that influence the correctness of evaluation are scarce. We aimed to determine the intra- and interobserver agreement in patellar tendon SWE, and to establish the influence of various factors on elasticity values. We recruited 37 healthy volunteers; SWE of the patellar tendon was performed by two examiners. The following factors were analyzed: probe frequency, degree of joint flexion, size of region of interest (ROI), distance of the color box from the probe footprint, utilization of coupling gel as standoff, and the effect of physical exercise on elastic modulus values. Highest overall interobserver [k=0.767, 95%CI (0.717-0.799), p<0.001] and intraobserver agreement [k=0.920 (0.909-0.929) for examiner 1, k=0.891 (0.875-0.905) for examiner 2] was obtained with the knee in the neutral position, using the L18-5 probe. With the knee flexed at 30º and 45º, the elasticity values were higher compared to the neutral position (p<0.001). With the probe immersed in 0.25 and 0.50 cm coupling gel, the median values were lower compared to the probe placed on the skin (p=0.001, p=0.018). The ROI dimensions and the placement of the SWE box at the level of the skin or at 0.5 cm below skin did not significantly influence the elastic modulus. After physical exercise, the elasticity values decreased in the proximal and middle portion of the tendon (p=0.002, p<0.001). The best results obtained in patellar tendon SWE were with the knee in neutral position, in the proximal or middle tendon, after 10 minutes of relaxation and with the probe placed directly on the skin with minimal pressure. The size and position of ROI do not significantly influence the examination.

ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): fetal cardiac screening.

ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): fetal cardiac screening.

Target Selection and Validation of DESI Emission Line Galaxies

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will precisely constrain cosmic expansion and the growth of structure by collecting ∼40 million extragalactic redshifts across ∼80% of cosmic history and one-third of the sky. The Emission Line galaxy (ELG) sample, which will comprise about one-third of all DESI tracers, will be used to probe the universe over the 0.6 < z < 1.6 range, including the 1.1 < z < 1.6 range, which is expected to provide the tightest constraints. We present the target selection for the DESI Survey Validation (SV) and Main Survey ELG samples, which relies on the imaging of the Legacy Surveys. The Main ELG selection consists of a g-band magnitude cut and a (g − r) versus (r − z) color box, while the SV selection explores extensions of the Main selection boundaries. The Main ELG sample is composed of two disjoint subsamples, which have target densities of about 1940 deg−2 and 460 deg−2, respectively. We first characterize their photometric properties and density variations across the footprint. We then analyze the DESI spectroscopic data that have been obtained from 2020 December to 2021 December in the SV and Main Survey. We establish a preliminary criterion for selecting reliable redshifts, based on the [O ii] flux measurement, and assess its performance. Using this criterion, we are able to present the spectroscopic efficiency of the Main ELG selection, along with its redshift distribution. We thus demonstrate that the Main selection 1940 deg−2 subsample alone should provide 400 deg−2 and 460 deg−2 reliable redshifts in the 0.6 < z < 1.1 and the 1.1 < z < 1.6 ranges, respectively.

Artificial Intelligence based Integrated and Distributed System for Preventing Covid-19 Spread Using Deep Learning

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a worldwide emergency in healthcare. This virus mainly spreads through droplets which emerge from a person infected with coronavirus and poses a risk to others. The risk of transmission is highest in public places. Many measures have been suggested, such as maintaining a social distance, and wearing a face mask to avoid the spread of this virus. There are three modules in this work, in the first module a mask detection system which detects whether a person wears a mask or not using deep learning techniques such as MobileNet V2 architecture along with Facenet and Masknet. Accuracy of 98.6% is achieved in this module with one or two people in the frame. Barricade has been set which does not allow people who does not wear mask and allows people who wears a mask. LED light indicators and LCD displays are used as alerts, and they are programmed to provide information that is both worn and not worn, depending on the output. In the second module, a system has been designed which detects the temperature of the person and detects whose temperature is above normal body temperature and alerts accordingly. In the third module a social distancing system has been designed which detects people who does not follow social distancing protocol and alerts them using deep learning techniques. The YOLOv3 algorithm is used which creates a square box around people that displays green or red color box according to the measurement output. The transfer learning methodology is also implemented to increase the accuracy of this module. The accuracy of 98.2% is achieved for social distance detection module using YOLOv3 detection model with transfer learning. All three modules are integrated so it automatically monitors human body temperature, detects mask and social distancing at the barricade system.

Maxwell's color box: Retracing the path of color matching experiments

In his 1860 paper On the theory of compound colours, James Clerk Maxwell described an instrument used to obtain a direct comparison between daylight and a mixture of three selected spectral colors. This investigation was part of Maxwell's study of human color vision, color perception, and color representation, and it encompasses his main achievements in the field. The working principle underlying this device provided the basis from which color diagrams have been derived, beginning with the standard chromaticity diagram proposed by the International Commission on Illumination in 1931. We describe a reconstruction of Maxwell's original version of the color box. Constructing and analyzing data obtained with such a replica could serve as a semester project for advanced optics students.

Street food Design in Public Space Gunung Sari Indah Surabaya

The development of Gunung Sari Indah as a new neighborhood creates an impetus for increased housing and street food. Street food vendors set up shop on strategic roads to sell their products, causing crowds and traffic jams that disrupt the comfort. As a result, the focus of this research is on how to design street food in public spaces. This research uses the questioner, interview, and field survey methods. The questionnaire and interview are held to learn about the seller's aspirations for layout setting and facilities that they expect. A field survey is required to learn about the existing conditions, such as road width, seller position, and products offered. Furthermore, the issue of COVID-19 should be considered to avoid the virus spreading in public places. As a result, the layout setting should be aware of new normal health protocols such as physical distancing, handwashing, and environmental hygiene. The street food layout setting will be formed by a color box mural with an area of one car parking lot 2.5 m x 5 m for one seller, resulting in a gap. Then, the East Road, which closes in the evening, will be the focus of street food. Nonetheless, signage is required for traffic management in order to reduce traffic congestion and provide comfort to visitors to this area.

A Semi-Automated Method for Monitoring of Roads with Traffic from High Resolution Satellite Image

Efficient traffic management is critical in today’s overcrowded urban environments. Thanks to modern satellite imagery, high resolution images of current traffic conditions at regular intervals are easily available. In order to be able to respond to changes in traffic conditions quickly, it is critical to have an efficient and accurate system for traffic analysis of the static imagery available from these high resolution satellites. Two sub-problems are involved : detection of roads and detection of vehicles. A variety of algorithms are already available for solving these problems individually. For road tracking, we have median filers, color box segmentation, morphological processing, etc. There are algorithms like Bayesian background transformation, Blob extraction, and other vision based algorithms for vehicle detection. The goal of this paper is to automate tracking of roads and vehicles together from high resolution satellite images at any time statically, that is, without motion detection and leaving areas which are not roads like parking lot, settlements etc. Doing so, key points can be formalized in urban planning like finding other routes, human health factors, construction in endangered areas etc. By achieving the targeted objective and comparison with different algorithms, many problem statements can be defined and can be worked upon towards developing a solution.

Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) Sample

Abstract DESI will precisely constrain cosmic expansion and the growth of structure by collecting ∼35 million redshifts across ∼80% of cosmic history and one third of the sky to study Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Redshift Space Distortions (RSD). We present a preliminary target selection for an Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) sample, which will comprise about half of all DESI tracers. The selection consists of a g-band magnitude cut and a (g − r) versus (r − z) color box, which we validate using HSC/PDR2 photometric redshifts and DEEP2 spectroscopy. The ELG target density should be ∼2400 deg−2, with ∼65% of ELG redshifts reliably within a redshift range of 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 1.6. ELG targeting for DESI will be finalized during a “Survey Validation” phase.

Novice Physician Ultrasound Evaluation of Pediatric Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity

IntroductionPulmonary hypertension, associated with high mortality in pediatric patients, is traditionally screened for by trained professionals by measuring a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRJV). Our objective was to test the feasibility of novice physician sonographers (NPS) to perform echocardiograms of adequate quality to exclude pathology (defined as TRJV > 2.5 meters per second).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of NPS to assess TRJV by echocardiogram in an urban pediatric emergency department. NPS completed an educational course consisting of a didactic curriculum and hands-on workshop. NPS enrolled a convenience sample of patients aged 7–21 years. Our primary outcome was the proportion of echocardiograms with images of adequate quality to exclude pathology. Our secondary outcome was NPS performance on four image elements. We present descriptive statistics, binomial proportions, kappa coefficients, and logistic regression analysis.ResultsEight NPS completed 80 echocardiograms. We found 82.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.2–90.8) of echocardiograms had images of adequate quality to exclude pathology. Among image elements, NPS obtained a satisfactory, apical 4-chamber view in 85% (95% CI, 77.1–92.9); positioned the color box accurately 65% (95% CI, 54.5–75.5); optimized TRJV color signal 78.7% (95% CI, 69.8–87.7); and optimized continuous-wave Doppler in 55% (95% CI, 44.1–66.0) of echocardiograms.ConclusionNPS obtained images of adequate quality to exclude pathology in a majority of studies; however, optimized acquisition of specific image elements varied. This work establishes the basis for future study of NPS assessment of TRJV pathology when elevated pulmonary pressures are of clinical concern.

Robot Lengan Pemindah Barang Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Menggunakan Sensor Warna

Robot arm transporter using Arduino-based sensor auto color, a tool designed to this aim to reduce human role in a grouping or sorting goods with the sort tool so that it can minimize the influence of inconsistencies humans in the event. This tool as well as a simulation as well as the media of instruction. Methods of data analysis used IE needs analysis that includes software that is the OS, and the Arduino Software, and hardware in the form of a Laptop, Arduino, Sensor, RGB, and Servo Motor. From the results of testing that has been done can be inferred that this Robot can run well at a time when reading the color box and put the table by the location of their vessels. The conclusion of the tool is designed as a common transport good; the robotic arm can be applied using several servos in the number of dof.

Evaluation the Venous Pressure of Deep Vein Thrombosis of Early Phase in Lower Extremity by Ultrasonic Imaging

Conventional ultrasound measures the diameter and the velocity of the vein to evaluate early venous tension changes in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity. The accuracy and repeatability of conventional measurement are poor, because diameter measurement of vein are susceptible to not only respiratory and extrusion of edema from soft tissue, but also affected by limit of sampling angle when measuring venous flow rate by the color box. By applying the ratio of common femoral vein and cross-sectional area/cross-sectional perimeter (A/C), DVT early vein tension change was evaluated. The cut-off value method and diagnostic value of the A/C preliminarily was discussed. This study by measuring the value of cross-sectional area, pipe perimeter and their ratio among groups evaluate the value of venous tension change and provide certain reference basis for early clinical intervention. Four-hundred and fifty orthopaedic patients (294 male V.S. 156 female) in our hospital were chosen to perform ultrasound examinations from June 2014 to April 2016, including 150 cases as normal control group, 150 cases as the flow reduced group, 150 cases as venous thrombosis group. Their average age was 36.8±11.0 years (8-67). Inclusion criteria includes that patients had no deep vein blood vessel diseases in lower extremity before. Cross-sectional area (A), cross-sectional perimeter value (C), the ratio of the two and the venous flow velocity of common femoral vein were measured and compared among groups. ROC curve was used to explore the diagnostic value of the A/C. The middle segment of the common femoral vein was selectecd as the measurement point where great saphenous vein enters. The standard of decreasing blood flow velocity was Vmean < 15 cm/s. Quantitative data using one-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. For normal control group, the average value of cross-sectional area was 66.13±11.25mm2, the average value of cross-sectional perimeter was 28.84±5.14mm and the average value of A/C was 2.65±0.34. For flow reduced group, the average value of cross-sectional area was 94.82±12.57mm2, the average value of cross-sectional perimeter was 32.49±4.73mm and the average value of A/C was 3.26±0.27. For the venous thrombosis group, the average value of cross-sectional area was 151.63±17.41mm2, the average value of cross-sectional perimeter was 43.62±6.61mm and the average value of A/C was 3.94±0.53. There was significantly differences in the cross-sectional area between the normal control group and flow reduced group and venous thrombosis group (P<0.05). No significant statistical differences was found between flow reduced group and venous thrombosis group. With the development of venous thromboembolism disease gradually increase, A, C, and A/C were found to increase gradually and venous blood flow velocity gradually reduced. The cutoff point value of A/C was 2.91 to evaluate early vein tension change of DVT. The area under ROC curve of ratio of A/C was 0.891, sensitivity was 90.0%, specificity was 77.6%. A/C quantified the variation in vein tension which was used to be an abstract concept. The value of A/C was more stable than the venous diameter and showed relatively small disturbance when assessing the venous tension. We provide new thinking and reference for early intervention of clinical preventing DVT.

An investigation on the effects of music training on attention and working memory in adults

Objective: Determining the effects of music training on attention and working memory in adult music trainees using neuropsychological tests. Methods: The study was conducted within January-June 2014 at the Music Department of Inonu University. Twenty-two students of age 18-26 were matched one to one in terms of age, gender, level of academic education and dominant hand. Participants with substance abuse, psychiatric and neurological disease were excluded from study. ASRS, Stroop and WMS-R were applied on first and fourth year students. Results: The sample consisted of 24 women and 20 men. The mean age was 22±1.5 years and the mean academic level of education was 15±1.5 years. There was no significant difference between first and fourth year students in terms of ASRS-A, ASRS-B and ASRS total scores. There was no significant difference between groups in pre-university music experience. Fourth year students were better at greyscale word reading, color word reading and box color statement in Stroop. There was no significant difference in word color statement. Fourth year students were better in reverse month counting and counting by sevens in WMS-R. No significant difference was found in countdown range, short and long-term verbal and visual recognition, memory, mental control and concentration. Conclusion: Long-term and regular music training did not affect attention shifting in adults significantly, but caused improvement in some tests requiring working memory activity. Irregular music experience did not have significant contribution. Regular and intensive music practice may have functional effects on cognition in adults.

Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography for Liver Disease. A Critical Appraisal of the Many Actors on the Stage.

Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography for Liver Disease. A Critical Appraisal of the Many Actors on the Stage.

IMPLEMENTASI ARM MANIPULATOR DAN SENSOR WARNA DALAM PROTOTYPE OTOMATISASI SISTEM PENYORTIR BOX BERWARNA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER AVR ATMEGA 8535

Roby Adi Wibowo, Subali, in paper implementation of ARM manipulator and color sensor in prototype of color box sorter automation system based on microcontroller AVR ATMega 8535 explain that the rapid development of technology at all times encourage people to overcome problems that arise around it. With a view to facilitate the work and time efficiency. Included in the field of automation control systems in a work process. One of these systems automation in sorting colored box, so that a product can be separated from one another and in accordance with the qualifications color. In this final task will be made a colored box sorter automation system using the color sensor as a detector and a manipulator arm actuator to take the box to place each color. Keywords; Arm manipulator, colours sensor

ISUOG Practice Guidelines: use of Doppler ultrasonography in obstetrics

<scp>ISUOG</scp> Practice Guidelines: use of Doppler ultrasonography in obstetrics

Systematic Analysis of Factors Related to Display of the Twinkling Artifact by a Phantom

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to display of the twinkling artifact by a phantom. An in vitro phantom made of sandpaper was designed to mimic rough physiologic surfaces prone to generating the twinkling artifact. Sandpaper strips embedded in a plastic box were scanned through a water path under different machine settings with only 1 parameter varied each time. After choosing the best settings for displaying the twinkling artifact, 4 types of sandpaper with different roughness were scanned. The resulting images were recorded at random, and the number of color pixels in the color box of each image was calculated by a custom-designed program developed using commercially available software. All data were then evaluated by regression analysis, a paired 2-tailed Student t test, and single-factor analysis of variance. The highest color write priority and color gain, which were just below the threshold for color noise, a focus depth setting below the sandpaper, a maximum wall filter under a higher pulse repetition frequency, and a color box adjusted properly in the fundamental imaging mode (P < .001) were found to most readily improve the twinkling artifact intensity. The roughness of the sandpaper was shown to be highly correlated with the twinkling artifact intensity (R(2) = 0.832; P < .001). The twinkling artifact was influenced by some machine parameters and the roughness of the sandpaper. By adjusting some ultrasound machine parameters, a better image reflecting the twinkling artifact can be shown in clinical practice and research.

Firefighter Turnout Gear Durability Study—Evaluation of Visibility Trim

The high visibility trim requirements for NFPA 1971 (2007 ed.) turnout gear are intended to provide the user conspicuity enhancements in both daytime and nighttime environments. This study evaluated the reflectance, color and fluorescence properties of high visibility trim on firefighters used turnout gear. Forty-four used garments, grouped in age categories from 2 to 10 years (retired), were visually evaluated according to the Section 4 of the NFPA 1851—Advanced Inspection Checklist. Advanced inspection identified damaged trim on 21 of the 46 garments. The damaged areas, located primarily at the cuffs and lower front hem, were not as reflective but passed the subjective flashlight test. A data sampling plan for retroreflective values was constructed for the coats and pants and the coefficients of retroreflection were collected to provide a measure of the nighttime conspicuity. To characterize the fluorescent (daytime) properties of the trim on the used garments the values for fluorescence and color box coordinates were measured. The measured coefficient of retroreflection (RA, cd/lux/m2) for all garments (average of all values in the sampling plan) was greater than 3× the minimum NFPA 1851 requirement. Therefore, all used gear provided substantial nighttime conspicuity enhancement including the retired gear.

SELECTING QUASARS BY THEIR INTRINSIC VARIABILITY

We present a new and simple technique for selecting extensive, complete and pure quasar samples, based on their intrinsic variability. We parametrize the single-band variability by a power-law model for the light-curve structure function, with amplitude A and power-law index gamma. We show that quasars can be efficiently separated from other non-variable and variable sources by the location of the individual sources in the A-gamma plane. We use ~60 epochs of imaging data, taken over ~5 years, from the SDSS stripe 82 (S82) survey, where extensive spectroscopy provides a reference sample of quasars, to demonstrate the power of variability as a quasar classifier in multi-epoch surveys. For UV-excess selected objects, variability performs just as well as the standard SDSS color selection, identifying quasars with a completeness of 90% and a purity of 95%. In the redshift range 2.5<z<3, where color selection is known to be problematic, variability can select quasars with a completeness of 90% and a purity of 96%. This is a factor of 5-10 times more pure than existing color-selection of quasars in this redshift range. Selecting objects from a broad griz color box without u-band information, variability selection in S82 can afford completeness and purity of 92%, despite a factor of 30 more contaminants than quasars in the color-selected feeder sample. This confirms that the fraction of quasars hidden in the 'stellar locus' of color-space is small. To test variability selection in the context of Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) we created mock PS1 data by down-sampling the S82 data to just 6 epochs over 3 years. Even with this much sparser time sampling, variability is an encouragingly efficient classifier. For instance, a 92% pure and 44% complete quasar candidate sample is attainable from the above $griz$-selected catalog.

Colorflow biplane ultrasonic imaging system and method

An ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system is described in which two planes of a volumetric region which are in different elevation planes are scanned in real time. In one embodiment the two planes are scanned with less than the maximum number of scanlines which the transducer can transmit in a single plane. A user control enables the two planes to be moved laterally without moving the transducer probe. In another embodiment each image plane contains a color box depicting flow or motion in the same respective position in the image. The color boxes of the two images can be sized and positioned in tandem so that both are in the same corresponding area of the two images.