Energy In Colombia Research Articles

Decomposition and decoupling: A case study of Colombia's energy consumption and economic growth

Nowadays, nobody can deny the relationship between economic growth and sustainability; however, the tendency to un-match a linear relationship between those two has acquired the name of “decoupling” economy, which means that the consumption of energy not necessarily has to rise at the same rate of gross domestic product, in order to reduce carbon emissions in a country or certain area. Then this document aims to study the Colombian decoupling, analyzing the economic structure and energy consumption between 1975 and 2021, applying the TAPIO model and the logarithmic mean Divisa index (LMDI) using the KAYA identity as a conversion factor (TAPIO + KAYA + LMDI) to analyze the trends per economical sector. Finding that, the Colombian economy has a predominant status of weak decoupling with randomly switches to strong decoupling, positioning it as a sustainable economy; although this condition is environmentally favorable, under a comprehensive public policy, energy consumption by economic sector can be increased to improve economic productivity and achieve better production levels on the sectors of agriculture, mines, and commerce whose energy consumption according to the data is substantially low.

The utilization of renewable energy and the economic potential of offshore wind power supported by digital finance

Colombia is well-positioned for the development of sustainable energy due to its abundance of natural resources, which include water, wind, and sun. Regulating the safe and sustainable use of offshore wind energy, which is considered non-conventional, is lacking in the nation, nonetheless. The development of offshore wind technology in Colombia shows potential to meet energy needs during dry hydrological conditions and El Niño/Southern Oscillation events when the hydroelectric system power supply is low. This study examines global initiatives that have encouraged nations to develop plans for cutting their CO2 emissions, stressing both their successes and shortcomings in putting offshore wind technology into practice. An examination of Colombia's renewable energy administrative framework finds a lack of data required to carry out offshore wind projects. Furthermore, a review of previous research on marine energy emphasizes how important it is to expand our knowledge of offshore wind generation. Although the majority of local renewable energy projects concentrate on terrestrial sources, an analysis of wind speed and wind power density in Colombia at different altitudes shows promising magnitudes and good trends.Digital finance plays a crucial role in this context by providing innovative funding mechanisms, enhancing financial accessibility, and reducing investment risks through improved financial technologies. These advancements support the mobilization of capital necessary for the development and expansion of offshore wind energy projects.As a result, the technical, economic, administrative, and legal data pertinent to renewable energy in Colombia is compiled in this study. It proposes to provide information to stakeholders involved in decision-making processes and promotes the possible installation of offshore wind farms in regions close to Colombia's Caribbean coast. Because of its plentiful resources, Colombia offers a great chance to implement offshore wind energy technology, which will lessen dependency on fossil fuels and provide a backup energy source in case of supply shortages. The integration of digital finance is key to unlocking the economic potential of these projects, ensuring sustainable and scalable energy solutions for the future.

Implementation and feasibility of green hydrogen in Colombian kitchens: an analysis of innovation and sustainability

This study explores the potential of green hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution in domestic cooking, focusing on Colombia. It employs a systematic literature review following the PRISMA framework, analyzing articles published between 2018 and 2023 to assess the feasibility and challenges of implementing green hydrogen in the culinary sector. The research emphasizes the projected growth in the demand for clean hydrogen, particularly in the industrial sector by 2030 and in new applications by 2050, with an estimated increase from less than 1% currently to about 30% of the total hydrogen demand. It is anticipated that green hydrogen production will dominate the global supply mix by 2050, reflecting a share of between 50% and 65% in various scenarios. The study concludes that while green hydrogen holds great potential for transforming Colombia's energy matrix towards a cleaner, more sustainable future, it faces significant regulatory and technical challenges that require concerted, collaborative action, aligning with the sustainable development goals.

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis for the Strengthening of Solar Thermal Energy in Colombia

Colombia has made different efforts to contribute to fulfilling its international commitments to curb climate change by reducing emissions and promoting technological development and project financing. However, the existing policies and regulatory framework primarily focus on promoting the photovoltaic industry for electricity production. Likewise, the energy sector has neglected the potential of solar thermal energy as a heat source. In this sense, it is necessary to redouble efforts through new public policies that integrate solar thermal energy in the residential and productive sectors. Using solar thermal energy for heating can contribute to the energy transition and meet its sustainable development goals. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to analyze Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats to determine the potential application of thermal solar heat in Colombia while considering the local context. Factors such as their environmental conditions, policies, and regulations; the existence of international agreements; and their political status in general were analyzed. The analysis revealed Colombia’s significant solar heat potential, enabling over 1.3 million cold-climate households to access hot water or reduce firewood use. Industrially, applying solar heat in 5% of the current industry could decrease fossil fuel consumption by 13 PJ. The findings highlight that Colombia’s potential in thermal solar energy necessitates collaborative efforts, legislative reinforcement, climate-adaptive measures, and the resolution of political and social challenges.

The Sound of Wind Farming: Rethinking Clean Energy with Wayuu Cultural Practices

Abstract: This article combines environmental humanities, legal studies, sound studies, and cultural studies to analyze how Wayuu poetry and film challenge conceptions of wind within the context of Colombia's energy transition. Based on an analysis of the poem " Tejiendo sueños " by Livio Suárez Urariyuu and the short film Somos hombres cascabel by Jorge Mario Suárez Iguarán, we discuss wind as a source of electric power in La Guajira. An aural perspective on Wayuu cultural products is adopted to trace links among sound, dreams, wind, and conceptions of cleanliness, renewability, and sustainability in contemporary climate-change discourse. Thinking with the poem and short film by Wayuu cultural producers, we interrogate wind energy's relationship to a neoextractivist logic; harnessed as part of Colombia's energy future, wind-based energy disrupts and pollutes La Guajira's soundscape and the Wayuu people's ability to dream. In so doing, wind turbines pose an existential threat and reinforce the relevance of the soundscape as the site of anticolonial struggles.

Selection of an oscillating type wave energy converter and a power take-off system for the use of wave energy in Colombia

Los dispositivos de generación undimotriz son dispositivos que se encargan de transformar la energía proveniente de las olas del mar en energía eléctrica. Los sistemas de toma de fuerza se caracterizan por tomar la energía mecánica obtenida mediante el dispositivo undimotriz y facilitar su conversión a energía eléctrica. En este trabajo, inicialmente se realizó una búsqueda y evaluación de los dispositivos tipo oscilantes convertidores de energía de las olas y sistemas de toma de fuerza disponibles en la literatura para identificar su ventajas y desventajas con el fin de seleccionar los sistemas más indicados para el aprovechamiento del recurso undimotriz de Colombia. Los sistemas seleccionados corresponden a dispositivos undimotriz acoplados a estructuras fijas a la costa y sistemas de toma mecánica directa debido a que, estos presentan mayores ventajas en cuanto a su proceso de fabricación, puesta a punto, operación y mantenimiento. Finalmente se presenta un diagrama de flujo del proceso de diseño de estos sistemas.

Techno-economic calculation of green hydrogen production and export from Colombia

In the present paper a techno-economic hydrogen production and transportation costs to export from Colombia to Europe and Asia were determined using the open-source Python tools, such as WindPowerLIB, PVLIB, ERA5 weather data, and the Hydrogen-2-Central (H2C) model. Calculations were performed as well for Chile, for comparison as a regional competitor. In addition, a detailed overview of Colombia's energy system and national efforts for a market ramp-up of renewable energy and hydrogen is provided. The application of the model in different scenarios shows Colombia's potential to produce green hydrogen using renewable energies. The prices estimated are 1.5 and 1.02 USD/kgH2 for 2030 and 2050 with wind power, and 3.24 and 1.65 USD/kgH2 for 2030 and 2050 using solar energy. Colombia can become one of the most promising hydrogen suppliers to Asian and European countries with one of the lowest prices in the production and transportation of green hydrogen.

Challenges and perspectives of the use of photovoltaic solar energy in Colombia

<p><span>This article quantifies the development of photovoltaic solar energy in Colombia and its current development prospects. The high demand for electricity in Colombia is increasing since there is a large population, industrial, and business increase, which brings a higher energy consumption and consequently economic, social, and environmental problems. Faced with this situation, a possible solution is proposed, using solar energy, to supply the increase in demand and mitigate the problems caused by current electricity generation because Colombia has high levels of solar radiation in almost the entire territory. The objective of this research is based on the analysis of the behavior of the projects on photovoltaic solar systems presented to the mining-energy planning unit (UPME) in the last 14 years until September 30, 2020, as well such as the study of the areas with the most effective implementation of this technology and their respective radiation indices. In addition, a synthesis is made of <span>the regulations, laws, and tax incentives that exist for the implementation of this technology and the different stages of execution of the projects approved</span> and in performance.</span></p>

The potential role of peace, justice, and strong institutions in Colombia's areas of limited statehood for energy diversification towards governance in energy democracy

We conducted a qualitative study (2019–22) to contextualise Colombia's energy policy for sustainable development and renewable energy diversification, focusing on the new governance toolbox of market incentives, weak institutions, security risks in areas of limited statehood, and the role of indigenous people. We also examined how geopolitical events, such as COVID-19 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, are affecting fossil fuel and decarbonisation strategies. Our findings suggest that weak institutions are a major obstacle to Colombia's energy transition. The Western definition of energy democracy takes for granted good governance in line with SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions; however, in Colombia, the context of social unrest, violence, corruption, and inequality hinders its implementation. Colombia's energy policy considers green investment a market opportunity rather than a way of institution building or phasing down fossil fuels, and there is no meaningful communication with civil society, especially indigenous people, to develop small-scale green investment initiatives. This study enhances energy policy by emphasising the role of governance and strong institutions in energy democracy. We argue that if governments and corporations were committed to climate change mitigation, they would invest in institution building over renewable energy.

Electric energy transmission processes and the importance of integrated system management and operation

Electric energy is fundamental in different sectors of a society’s development; electric energy is used in all types of industries and economic sectors and is essential in people’s homes, so access to a quality electric energy service in the city or in rural areas provides a reference index of a territory’s level of development. For this reason, electricity transmission is considered one of the most relevant factors for improving the quality of life of the inhabitants of a country with a high poverty index. Electric power is a service that must be transmitted in a guaranteed manner with high standards of quality, reliability, and availability. This supports the economic development of a nation. This research focused on studying the efficiency of an organization that provides the service of transformation and transportation of electrical energy in Colombia and through this study to impact professionals, higher education institutions and companies to ensure their presence in the market, improving the quality of their graduates in different areas of knowledge such as physics and engineering and in parallel to provide companies with a guide that allows organizations dedicated to the electricity sector in Colombia to comply with existing regulations. This work highlights the need to perform mechanical, electrical, instrumental, operational and management processes with high standards for companies that provide electric power transmission service with equipment operating at voltages above 220 kV. Additionally, this research aims to establish a guide that allows organizations dedicated to the electric sector in Colombia to comply with current regulations.

The role of Rare Earth Elements in the deployment of wind energy in Colombia

The deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in the global transition to a low-carbon economy and ultimately in the fight against global warming. However, this transition could face important problems because most of those technologies rely on the steady supply of critical minerals. Colombia, thanks to its hydrological resources, has relied on the hydro­power for electricity generation. However, the government has implemented measures to back-up the energy system in draught periods and, consequently, fossil fuels-based plants have increased the market share and with these, CO2 emissions. This study assesses the mineral demand in Colombia in the period 2020-2050 for the rare earth elements embedded in the deployment of wind power technologies in four different climate policy scenarios in order to establish whether they could face geological bott­lenecks that could ultimately hamper the transition to a low-carbon economy. The Gigawatts (GW) of future capacity additions in the energy system are converted into tons of metal using published metal intensities of use and assumptions of Colombia’s technological pathway. Then, the cumulated mineral demand is compared against current mining production rates and geological reserves to establish geological bottlenecks. The results show that the reserves will not pose any threat to its transition. However, when compared to current mining rates, the mineral demand in 2050 could pose a problem for the supply of minerals. Finally, this study gives some policy recommendations that could be used to mitigate these issues, such as substitution, improved circular economy and sound technological choices.

The State of Renewable Energy in Colombia

In this article, I explore the current energy system in Colombia, the conflicting role of hydroelectricity, the hidden social and environmental costs of energy, and the prospects of various renewable energy sources. I conclude by summarizing the long-term prospects that Colombia’s energy system faces and highlighting the opportunities that renewable energies hold.

Photovoltaic power purchase agreement valuation under real options approach

• A PPA business model is assessed under the Colombian renewable energies law. • PV investments are feasible when tax benefits are considered into the model. • ROA shows that is better to delay the investment under current market conditions. • Low execution of PV projects under Law 1715 is explained in the ROA approach. Renewable energies are an alternative to explore new business models in Colombia, especially when the new regulation associated with Law 1715 is considered. In this work the financial feasibility of a power purchase agreement (PPA) that uses photovoltaic energy is analyzed from the perspective of a non-traditional investor. In this paper, the financial feasibility of a PPA business was analyzed considering some of the benefits offered by Law 1715 through the use of discounted cash flows and real option analysis. The results show that tax benefits (included on Law 1715) improve the feasibility of this business models in Colombia, nevertheless, the defer option value suggest the convenience of delaying the investment. This work contributes to the analysis of the effect of the renewable energy policy incentives and the development of new business models based on renewable energies and the analysis of decisions that help include photovoltaic energy in Colombia.

Wind extraction? Gifts, reciprocity, and renewability in Colombia's energy frontier

This article examines the circulation of gifts that binds dozens of indigenous Wayúu communities and Jemeiwaa Kai, a wind energy corporation that intends to build five wind farms in Colombia's coastal region of La Guajira. Drawing on long‐term fieldwork, I analyze how the intimate, reciprocal, and meaningful social exchanges that take place as part of the gift‐giving practices between Jemeiwaa Kai and Wayúu residents are critical for the renewability of wind energy itself, as they create and maintain the conditions for harnessing this resource without interruption. Since these exchanges acknowledge the power of Wayúu communities hosting future wind farms to disrupt their operations and infrastructures, they enable recipients to carve out a space of accountability by entangling the corporation in long‐term relationships of obligation and negotiating the ethical ways of harnessing wind in Wayúu land. The centrality of gift giving highlights that extraction, as a concept for theorizing wind energy in La Guajira, falls short of fully making sense of the variegated interactions, ethical predicaments, and forms of value production that take place on the ground, between those who have lived alongside the wind for centuries and the outsiders who now aspire to harness its force.

Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy in Colombia: Current Status and Future Opportunities

Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy in Colombia: Current Status and Future Opportunities

Landscape matters: Insights from the impact of mega-droughts on Colombia's energy transition

Mega-droughts can cause disruption to the affected society sparking a transition. We explore the causes and effects of the 2015−2016 mega-drought in Colombia. Using the multi-level perspective as a framework, we found that the mega-drought sparked an energy transition in Colombia whose dynamics were impacted both by the institutionalization of niches as well as the ability to predict the next drought. We were able to trace, using the current understanding of anthropogenic forces, the cause of the mega-drought to socio-technical landscape development influenced by human-induced warming and land use change. We found that the regimes in Bolivia and Brazil were able to influence the landscape through deforestation, and hence contribute to the intensity of a mega-drought in Colombia. The knowledge that a regime can cause disruption in regimes in other geographies and sectors has implications for transition research as well as decision-making for coping with droughts and other disasters.

An Image Processing-Based Method to Assess the Monthly Energetic Complementarity of Solar and Wind Energy in Colombia

Solar and wind energy systems, without storage, cannot satisfy variable load demands, but their combined use can help to solve the problem of the balance between generation and consumption. Energetic complementarity studies are useful to evaluate the viability of the use of two or more renewable energy sources with high variability in a specific interval of time in a determined region. In this paper, the monthly energetic complementarity study of solar and wind resources of Colombia is carried out. A novel approach to conduct the study is proposed. A dataset with the average monthly solar radiation and wind speed values is obtained from high-resolution images of renewable resources maps, using image processing algorithms. Then, the dataset is used to calculate the energetic complementarity of the sources employing the negative of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The obtained values are transformed to energetic complementarity maps, previously eliminating the protected areas. The obtained results show that there is a good energetic complementarity in the north and northeastern regions of the country throughout the year. The results indicate that projects related to the joint use of solar and wind generation systems could be developed in these regions.

Geothermal Energy in Colombia as of 2018

Colombia is a country with great potential for the exploitation of geothermal energy due to its high volcanic activity caused by the subduction between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates. However, this energy is yet to be exploited. This article seeks to describe, by means of a literature review and information processing, the current status of geothermal energy in Colombia, including the current regulations, the limitations, the recommendations to develop the geothermal energy, and some of the most important projects, studies, and research papers that have been emerged on the discovery, exploration, and exploitation of geothermal energy within the country, emphasizing the areas where exploration projects have been initiated, such as the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, the Tufiño–Chiles–Cerro Negro volcanic system, the Azufral volcano geothermal area, and the Paipa geothermal area. Over the years, energy vulnerability in Colombia and a government policy of fostering sustainable development in different territories have generated favorable conditions for the exploitation of geothermal resources. Nevertheless, there are several technical, infrastructural, legal, and institutional barriers that slow the proper development of these projects.

MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL APPLIED TO THE PROJECTION OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND IN COLOMBIA

The exigencies as soon as to competitiveness and productivity have influenced in the energetic consumption and the demand of electrical energy in Colombia, reason why at the present time it is of much interest and utility to have access to tools or valid models to reach greater knowledge in which related to the possible future projections. Next, the results of a quantitative study are presented that through the analysis of data collected between 2007 and 2017 that made possible the construction of a multiple linear regression model to estimate the demand of electric energy. These types of instruments currently originate as alternatives to promote management strategies in the energy field in the country. The final results allow to visualize an estimated figure for the next periods which will serve to contrast with the official results and to generate from this information possible lines of intervention in different organisms.Keywords: Energy Consumption, Electric Demand, Multiple Linear Regression Model.JEL Classifications: D24; Q43; M31.DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7813

STUDY ON THE APPLICABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEMS IN COLOMBIA

This study investigates the current situation of electricity generation from renewable energy sources in Colombia and the energy situation of the Colombian population. In general, it was demonstrated that Colombia has potential in renewable sources, mainly in solar energy, wind, and biomass. However, technical, economic and social barriers such as the lack of human capital, policies focusing on conventional technologies, high investment costs, as well as technological limitations due to the instability, intermittency and low efficiency inherent in renewable energy sources, have impeded their development. Despite the promotion of these renewable sources through Law 1715, greater commitments are needed to implement and improve energy policies, as well as investments in precise research on Colombia's energy potential and new existing technologies. For the technological limitations, this study proposes the use of energy storage systems, by means of battery systems or the use of biomasses such as chicken feather fibers and the peel of the oil palm for the production, storage and use of hydrogen as an energy gas. This with the aim of eliminating the instability and intermittency of renewable energy sources. Additionally, the advantages of thermoelectric devices are presented, which, coupled to photovoltaic cells allow increases of 2 to 10% in the efficiency of solar panels. In addition, the features of these devices allow you to generate electricity from the waste heat of virtually any process. This quality could increase in industrial sectors in Colombia such as the steel industry, the ceramics sector, the cement industry, and in the recovery of heat from the exhaust gases of diesel generators. The latter is used mainly in non-interconnected zones. This is intended to improve the efficiency of the processes, as well as the reduction of fuels in the case of diesel generators.Keywords: Renewable Energies, Energy Storage, Hydrogen, Thermoelectric Devices.JEL Classifications: O13, O38, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8375