Sample Of Colombian Population Research Articles

Morphological Assessment and Possible Clinical Implications of the Left Ventricle Papillary Muscles. Study in a Colombian Population Sample

Morphological Assessment and Possible Clinical Implications of the Left Ventricle Papillary Muscles. Study in a Colombian Population Sample

Variations in the origin of the anterior spinal artery in a Colombian population sample.

Based on most neuroanatomical descriptions, the anterior spinal artery (ASA) originates from two small vessels of the vertebral arteries, which are anastomosed just before forming the basilar artery. This study aimed to determine and quantify the possible variants of the origin of the ASA and its trajectory in samples of human brain stems. Male brain stems with the superior portion of the spinal cord until myelomera C3 of 23 adult human, and no evident morphological alterations were selected. The brain stems were collected for three years and fixed in a 10% formalin solution at the Anatomy Laboratory of the Universidad de Caldas (Colombia). Five samples (21.7%) had variations in the origin and trajectory of the anterior spinal artery. The variations in the origin of the ASA could generate morphofunctional advantages instead of leading to complications. That is the case when there are two anterior spinal arteries since it would increase tissue perfusion, thus protecting part of the spinal cord from ischemic pathologies. It is essential to consider the variations that may exist in the supply of the anterior region of the spinal cord for clinical and surgical assessments due to variations in its supplied territory.

A Quantitative Exploration of Reconciliation: Evidence from Colombia

The reconciliation of societies in negotiated transitions from civil war to peace represents a practical challenge. While the political dimension concerns the construction of socio-political relations, the interpersonal dimension focuses on intergroup relationships. Empirical evidence shows that reconciliation should not assign primacy to one dimension over another; rather, it should address the interaction between them. However, research on this topic is scarce. There is a need to develop an instrument to assess the political and interpersonal dimensions of reconciliation in peacebuilding contexts. This study developed the Political and Interpersonal Reconciliation Scale (PIRS) and assessed its psychometric properties based on a sample of Colombian population after the peace agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrilla group. The results show the validity of a factorial structure for two components as well as an acceptable Cronbach’s alpha. Concerning external validity, in line with the existing literature, the scale under study was positively related to confidence in the peace agreement, trust in the ex-combatants, willingness to share with the adversary and community identification. This study provides evidence that the Political and Interpersonal Reconciliation Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating reconciliation in peacebuilding contexts.

Morphologic characterisation of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. A direct anatomic study.

The number of studies on the cerebellar arteries has increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological expression of posterior inferior cerebellar artery in a sample of Colombian population. One hundred eighty-six posterior inferior cerebellar arteries of fresh cadavers were studied. In each specimen, vertebral arteries were injected with 100 mL of semi-synthetic resin, dyed with mineral red. In the 93 blocks of brainstem and cerebellum evaluated, 174 (93.5%) posterior inferior cerebellar arteries were found. Also, there were 12 (6.5%) ageneses. There was single posterior inferior cerebellar artery in 159 (91.4%) samples and duplicate in 10 (5.7%), while 5 (2.9%) specimens showed hypoplasia. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery originated from the vertebral artery in 121 (69.5%) samples and from the basilar artery in 42 (24.1%) samples; while in 11 (6.4%) it originated in a common trunk with the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. In 101 (83.5%) cases, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery originated from the intracranial segment of the vertebral artery, while 20 (16.5%) samples originated from the extracranial segment. The calibres of posterior inferior cerebellar artery in its proximal and distal segments were 1.45 ± 0.37 mm and 1.33 ± 0.31 mm, respectively. This study, carried out in cadaveric material, provides relevant qualitative and morphometric information of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, useful for the diagnosis and clinical management, as well as for the surgical approaches that may compromise this structure.

Lifestyle Habits during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Quarantine in a Colombian Population Sample

Introduction: The worldwide quarantine led to several changes in the habits of the population. This research aimed to identify the effect of quarantine on the habits of a sample Colombian population. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 1928 participants through a Google survey form between weeks 9 and 10 of the quarantine in Colombia. Questions related to the following topics were included: physical exercise, nutritional status, stress, anxiety, fear, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and sleeping habits. Results: Data were collected from men and women from 128 Colombian cities belonging to all socio-economic strata. Most of the participants took virtual classes (53.8%) or teleworking (39.7%), 51.6% reported did not do or did <150 min of weekly activity; 27.0% were overweight or obese, 37.5% ate healthier, 56.1% used more social networks, and 72.6% reported depression, anxiety, and stress. The predominant familial pathological condition reported was arterial hypertension (53.2%). Conclusion: Although several participants sought to remain physically active through exercise at home, it is important to continuously generate recommendations to improve their adherence; further, more aggressive campaigns need to be performed using social media to share information about the importance of nutrition, rest, and mental health. It is crucial to reduce the effects of quarantine that may lead to chronic non-communicable diseases in future.

Estimation of dental age in a sample of Colombian population using the London Atlas

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the London Atlas for dental age estimation in the Colombian population. Materials and methodsThe study sample included 580 panoramic radiographs of healthy patients (304 female and 276 male) that had attended an orthodontic clinic in two cities between January 1, 2016, and March 30, 2019. The range of ages of the individuals was between 6 and 23.99 years old. Patients with a history of dentoalveolar injury or trauma, unclear or distorted panoramic radiographs were excluded from the study. Intra and inter-observer errors were determined using the Cohen's Kappa index by taking 40 radiographs and evaluating them in two stages with a time interval of 15 days between the two stages. The estimated age was compared with the chronological age using a paired t-test. ResultsCohen's Kappa test showed a strong agreement (0.82 and 0.84). The greatest difference was at the age of 23 years (−1.93 years); the lowest differences were found in the age groups of 7 and 8 years. The results of this study showed a tendency to underestimate age (negative differences) in ages younger than 11 years and older than 21 years, in the other groups, there was an overestimation (positive differences). There were no significant differences in the accuracy of the estimate in terms of men and women. ConclusionThe London Atlas of Age Estimation worked well for certain age groups. It is not recommended when the third molar is the only tooth to be evaluated.

Pilot study to estimate sex by canine odontometrics in a Colombian population sample

Forensic humanitarian work occurring both in the judicial context, and in the novel extrajudicial model implemented in Colombia as a result of the peace treaty signed between the Colombian government and the FARC, requires the creation of new demographic standards for the Colombian population in the context of the forensic identification. In this paper we describe a new forensic demographic standard, consisting of a quantitative technique to estimate the sex of human remains resulting from the armed conflict, by measuring canine teeth in a sample of 162 adult individuals that belong to the contemporary Colombian skeletal reference collection that belongs to the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences in Bogotá D.C. The results of the new technique indicate that the sex was correctly estimated in 82.1% of the cases when using upper canines, and it was correctly estimated in 77.8% of the cases when using lower canines. In the context of human rights violations, the fact that the Colombian conflict has resulted in about 120,000 disappeared, has led to the implementation of transitional justice measures based on a comprehensive justice system of truth, reparation and non-repetition. From the forensic arena, we propose a new methodology for sex estimation as a way to contribute to the process of justice, truth and reparation.

Morphologic characterization of the superior cerebellar artery. A direct anatomic study

Aimto determine the morphological features of superior cerebellar artery and its branches in a Colombian population sample. Materials and methodsNinety-three superior cerebellar arteries from cadaveric donors were studied. In each sample, the vertebral arteries were injected with semi-synthetic resin. The biometric and morphological variables of superior cerebellar arteries were measured. Resultsall samples from the superior cerebellar arteries originated from the basilar artery at a distance of 27.22 ± 3.13 mm from the vertebrobasilar junction. A symmetric origin was identified in 40 samples (43%), asymmetric in 53 (57%), unilateral duplication in 41 samples (22,1%). The superior cerebellar artery bifurcated in rostral and caudal branches, mainly in the second segment in 66 samples (47.5%). This excluding cases with duplication and agenesis of SCA. The superior cerebellar artery caliber in the anterior segment (1.46 ± 0.20 mm) was significantly larger than in the lateral segment (1.37 ± 0.18 mm) (p = 0.001) and in the cerebellum-mesencephalic segment (1.25 ± 0.22 mm) (p < 0.001). In its course, the artery contacted the trigeminal nerve in 47 samples (25.9%) and the trochlear nerve passed between the rostral and caudal branches in 92 samples (51.1%). Conclusionthis study reported the highest incidence of early SCA bifurcation (40.8%) and a detailed morphometric characterization of its cortical branches. Knowledge that benefices the diagnostic imaging, clinical and surgical approach of the SCA.

Association of DEAR1 Tagging Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Breast Cancer in a Sample of Colombian Population: A Case Control Study.

Purpose:Ubiquitin ligase genes can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. They play a role in various diseases, including development and progression of breast cancer; the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of common variants in the ductal-epithelium-associated RING chromosome 1 (DEAR1) gene with breast cancer risk in a sample of Colombian population.Methods:We carried out a case-control study to investigate associations of variants in DEAR1 with breast cancer in women from Colombia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs584298, rs2927970, rs59983645, and rs599167 were genotyped in 1022 breast cancer cases and 1023 healthy controls using the iPLEX® and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) (KASP) method. The associations between SNPs and breast cancer were examined by conditional logistic regression. The associations between SNPs and epidemiological/histopathological variables were examined by multinomial logistic regression.Results:Associations were found between tag SNPs and breast cancer adjusted for the epidemiological risk factors rs584298 genotypes AG and GG (P = .048 and P = .004, respectively). The analysis of the disease characteristics showed that SNP rs584298 (genotype AG) (P = .015) shows association with progesterone receptor (PR) status and (genotype AA) (P = .048) shows association with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status.Conclusions:The SNP rs584298 in DEAR1 showed associations with breast cancer and the expression of HER2 receptor; when this receptor is amplified, the result is aggressive tumoral subtype and expression of PR receptor that is associated with high-proliferative tumor grade. Validation of this SNP is important to establish whether this variant or the tagged variant is the cause for the risk association showed.

Alcohol consumption and bipolar disorder in a Colombian population sample

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is reported to be the mental disorder with the highest rate of comorbidity with substance use disorders (SUD). More than half of patients with BD have been found to have disorders associated with alcohol use. MethodsA secondary analysis was performed in a population sample of Colombian adults. The aim was to identify bipolar-alcohol comorbidity and factors related to the use of alcohol in people with BD. The diagnosis of BD among participants was made with the “Composite International Diagnostic Interview” (CIDI-CAPI) and the pattern of alcohol consumption in the last year was evaluated with the AUDIT C screening tool. ResultsIt was found that all patients with BD had some type of problematic alcohol consumption pattern. Women with BD were at greater risk of having a dependence-type pattern, using nicotine and marijuana and, among those living in urban areas, had higher rates of suicidal ideation, although that risk was lower if they were in a stable relationship. DiscussionSome of the related factors we identified are new with respect to previous publications and others have already been described in similar studies. ConclusionsGiven the importance of such factors in the management of this population and their prognosis, these findings highlight the need to determine consumption patterns of alcohol and other substances in patients with BD.

Variants in the TNFA, IL6 and IFNG genes are associated with the dengue severity in a sample from Colombian population

The genetic makeup of the host contributes to the clinical profile of dengue. This could be due to the effect of variants in the genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. To evaluate the association between the variants of three polymorphisms in TNFA, IL6 and IFNG candidate genes with dengue severity in a sample of Colombian population. We evaluated the rs1800750, rs2069843, and rs2069705 polymorphisms in TNFA, IL6 and IFNG candidate genes, respectively, in 226 patients with dengue infection. The genotypes were typed using both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). To determine the risk of different dengue phenotypes, we compared allele frequencies with chi-square and genotypes and haplotypes using logistic regression. Finally, these analyzes were adjusted with data from self-identification or the ancestral genetic component. The A allele in the rs2069843 polymorphism, adjusted by self-identification, was associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Afro-Colombians. In the entire sample, this polymorphism, adjusted by the ancestral genetic component, was reproducible. In addition, there were significant associations between GGT and GAC allelic combinations of rs1800750, rs2069843, and rs2069705 in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients, with and without adjustment by ancestral genetic component. Additionally, the AGC allelic combination produced 58.03 pg/ml of interleukin-6 more than the GGC combination, regardless of European, Amerindian and African genetic components. The variants of GGT and GAC polymorphisms of rs1800750, rs2069843, and rs2069705 in the TNFA, IL6 and IFNG genes, respectively, were correlated with the susceptibility to dengue severity in a sample of Colombian population.

Bullying y cyberbullying en Colombia; coocurrencia en adolescentes escolarizados

The first objective of this study was to adapt and test the psychometric properties of the bullying: scale European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) for Colombia, given the need for validated and universally approved measurement tools. The second objective sought to determine the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in a Colombian population sample. The third was to analyse the degree of relationship and co-occurrence of the phenomena. The study included a total of 1,931 Colombian adolescents, 53% of whom were girls (11-19 years; M=14.92; SD=1.89). An analysis was made on the items, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. The validation confirms the quality of the items and the factor structure of the original scale, with optimal psychometric properties for two factors: victimisation and aggression. The prevalence of bullying was 41.9%, and 18.7% for cyberbullying. The final model showed a direct influence of aggression on cyber-aggression and of victimisation on cyber-victimisation, showing a high co-occurrence of bullying and cyberbullying. The explanatory model suggests that cyberbullying appears to be an extension of traditional bullying and not vice-versa. Implications in the field of education are discussed.

Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the General Health Questionnaire-12 in a German and a Colombian population sample.

While the General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version (GHQ-12) has been widely used in cross-cultural comparisons, rigorous tests of the measurement equivalence of different language versions are still lacking. Thus, our study aims at investigating configural, metric and scalar invariance across the German and the Spanish version of the GHQ-12 in two population samples. The GHQ-12 was applied in two large-scale population-based samples in Germany (N=1,977) and Colombia (N=1,500). To investigate measurement equivalence, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in both samples. In the German sample mean GHQ-12 total scores were higher than in the Colombian sample. A one-factor model including response bias on the negatively worded items showed superior fit in the German and the Colombian sample; thus both versions of the GHQ-12 showed configural invariance. Factor loadings and intercepts were not equal across both samples; thus GHQ-12 showed no metric and scalar invariance. As both versions of the GHQ-12 did not show measurement equivalence, it is not recommendable to compare both measures and to conclude that mental distress is higher in the German sample, although we do not know if the differences are attributable to measurement problems or represent a real difference in mental distress. The study underlines the importance of measurement equivalence in cross-cultural comparisons.

Anatomical variations of the aortic arch in a sample of Colombian population

Introducción. El arco aórtico (AA) es el origen de estructuras vasculares que suplen los miembros superiores y el encéfalo. Se han descrito hasta ocho diferentes tipos de distribución con implicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas.Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de las variaciones anatómicas del AA y establecer los diámetros vasculares de sus ramas emergentes en una muestra de población colombiana.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo analítico transversal mediante disección de 35 plastrones cervicotorácicos obtenidos con muestreo a conveniencia.Resultados. La distribución de los AA resultó muy similar a la reportada en Colombia y otros países, siendo más frecuente el AA Tipo I seguido del AA Tipo II o arco bovino. Los diámetros vasculares arrojaron resultados análogos a otros obtenidos en población colombiana, pero medias evidentemente menores a las reportadas en estudios internacionales.Conclusión. Aunque las frecuencias de los tipos de AA de la población colombiana resultan ser similares a las de otros países, los diámetros vasculares en Colombia son menores.

Characterisation of three polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene in a sample of Colombian population with major depressive disorder

ObjectiveIdentify whether rs11179000, rs136494 and rs4570625 polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene, are associated with a major depressive disorder in a sample of the Colombian population. MethodsCase–control study was conducted in which a comparison was made between subjects diagnosed with major depressive disorder at some point in adulthood or active symptoms at the time of evaluation, and subjects with no psychiatric disease. Subjects were studied in the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and the Institute of Genetics at the National University of Colombia. Polymorphisms were genotyped using Taqman probes in real time PCR. As well as studying the association between major depressive disorder and these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the association with other factors previously associated with depression were also analysed. ResultsNo statistically significant association between genotypic and allelic frequencies of each polymorphism and major depressive disorder was found. Association between sex and complication during pregnancy/childbirth and major depressive disorder was observed. Association between sex and complication during pregnancy/childbirth and major depressive disorder was observed. ConclusionsThere was no association between any polymorphism and major depressive disorder.

IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms and leprosy in a Colombian population sample.

Polymorphisms in promoters of genes code for cytokines that affect transcription levels. Several have been associated with leprosy patients that have functional and clinical implications. Polymorphisms in the promoter of the IL10 gene of leprosy patients will be compared frequencies in normal population. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) -1082 A/G (rs1800896), -819C/T (rs1800871), and -592A/C (rs1800872) were identified in 100 leprosy patients and in a control group of 100 volunteers from a leprosy endemic region of Colombia. The genotypes C/C and C/T in the SNP -819 were associated together with leprosy (OR=4.34, p<0.001).Similarly, the genotypes C/C and C/A in the -592 SNP showed an association (OR=4.3, p<0.001). The haplotypes -819C-519C and -1082A-819C-592C showed significant association (OR=4.34, p<0.001 and OR=6.25, p<0.001) respectively. These haplotypes in homozygosis conditions were also associated with leprosy: -819C-519C/-819C-519C (OR=4.34, p<0.001), -1082A -819C-592C/-1082A -819C-592C (OR=1.90, p=0.04). The SNP -1082 was not associated with leprosy in this population. The haplotypes associated with leprosy, -1082A-819C-592C/-1082A-819C-592C, have been reported as low producers of IL-10. Functionally, the low production of IL-10 may have immune response consequences and clinical implications. Additional haplotypes of IL-10 have been reported as markers for leprosy susceptibility or resistance in other ethnic populations. This suggests that differences in distribution of diverse IL-10 gene polymorphisms among ethnic groups may indicate important gene-disease associations.

A NOS1 Gene Polymorphism Associated with Asthma and Specific Immunoglobulin E Response to Mite Allergens in a Colombian Population

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in asthma pathogenesis and is synthesized by three isoforms of NO synthase, one of them encoded by NOS1 gene. The CA-repeat and the C5266T SNP in NOS1 exon 29 have been associated with asthma and IgE levels. We thought to test the association of asthma and asthma-related phenotypes with the exon 29 CA-repeat and the C5266T SNP in a Colombian population sample. Methods: The CA-repeat and the C5266T SNP were genotyped in 167 asthmatics and 166 controls using PCR-based fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan assay. We also determined total and mite-specific IgE against Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Results: Three new CA-repeat alleles, 14, 23 and 24 repeats were detected. Allele comprising 16 repeats was associated with asthma (OR: 1.90 (CI 1.22–2.97, p_c = 0.028) and low total (p_c = 0.02) and specific IgE to B. tropicalis (p_c < 0.0001) and D. pteronyssinus (p_c < 0.0001). We found no association of the C5266T SNP and asthma or IgE levels. Conclusion:NOS1 exon 29 CA-repeat may be a risk factor for asthma susceptibility and mite specific IgE response in a Colombian population.

Apolipoprotein E and longevity in a sample of colombian population

Apolipoprotein E and longevity in a sample of colombian population