Collegiate Volleyball Research Articles

Self-report Internal Load Measures Of Readiness, Fatigue, Sleep, And Stress In Women’s Collegiate Volleyball

Self-report Internal Load Measures Of Readiness, Fatigue, Sleep, And Stress In Women’s Collegiate Volleyball

Examining Machine Learning Imputation Methods On Athlete Monitoring Assessments In Female Collegiate Volleyball

Examining Machine Learning Imputation Methods On Athlete Monitoring Assessments In Female Collegiate Volleyball

Differences In Center Of Pressure Complexity Index Across A Collegiate Volleyball Season

Differences In Center Of Pressure Complexity Index Across A Collegiate Volleyball Season

The Effects of Mental Fatigue on Anaerobic Power and Power Endurance Performance.

Mental fatigue has been studied extensively in relation to its impact on aerobic-, strength-, and motor-based tasks, but anaerobic power-based tasks have received limited attention. Interdisciplinary research investigating the underlying mechanisms by which mental fatigue influences physical performance has been called for. In two studies, the effects of mental fatigue on maximal power jump and endurance jump performance as well as kinetics and kinematics during jump performance were examined. Samples of collegiate volleyball players (Study 1; N = 14) and recreationally active students (Study 2; N = 27) completed two 30 min experimental manipulations (high vs. low cognitive control exertion) before performing three maximal power squat jumps followed by 15 repeated countermovement jumps, with measurements of kinetics and kinematics. For Study 1, the maximal power performance was significantly lower under a mentally fatigued condition, but no differences were observed for repeated jump performance, which may have been attributable to alterations in jump mechanics. For Study 2, no between-condition differences were observed for the maximal power performance, although repeated jump performance was significantly lower under a mentally fatigued condition. Collectively, these findings suggest that the impacts of mental fatigue on power-based performance tasks may depend on the task demands as well as the training status of the individual.

Coaches Behaviour Towards Motivational Climate and Performance Satisfaction of College Volleyball Players in Guangdong China

Coaches plays a significant role on how an athlete behave, perform and act. Each coach utilizes different method and approach in coaching which describe their coaching behaviour. Coaching behavior represents the personal characteristics and attitudes of the coaches. The impact of coaching behaviour has been an extensive topic of study in sports psychology where continuous arguments on how coaching behaviour affects motivational climate and performance of the athletes. Therefore, the researcher in this study deemed to bridge the knowledge gap through identifying the impact of coaching behaviour, motivational climate and performance satisfaction of the climate and performance satisfaction of college volleyball players in Guangdong, China. In conducting the study, the researcher employed descriptive correlational design. Two hundred collegiate volleyball players in selected universities in Guangdong, Chine were selected through stratified simple random sampling technique as respondents of the study. Validated self-made questionnaire was used as the main instrument of the study in describing coaching behaviour of the team coaches in terms of action, belief and attitude, motivational climate in terms of task/mastery and ego-oriented climate and performance satisfaction in terms of individual, team and coach’s performance. The data was analyzed through the use of Pearson r. The result of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the coaching and the motivational climate within the team as perceived by the respondents. Furthermore, coaching behaviour is significantly related to performance satisfaction in terms of individual, team and coach’s performance. Finally, the study formulated a proposed program of action to better enhance the coaching behaviour of the volleyball team coaches.

Return to play and Athletic Performance in division I female volleyball players following anterior cruciate ligament injury

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine NCAA Division I volleyball players’ return to play rates and performance statistics compared to pre-injury levels following ACL injury. Methods Female volleyball players that sustained ACL injuries from 2008-2020 and competed in one of seven collegiate conferences (n = 99) were identified via an internet search algorithm. Players were categorized by position, academic year, and playing time pre- and post-injury. Post-injury performance statistics were gathered for a subset of outside hitters and middle blockers that played in ≥ 35 sets in a single season for up to 3 years following injury (mean 1.7 seasons). A control group (n = 512) was generated for demographic and statistical comparison. Mean pre-injury and post-injury statistics were compared for players that did not change positions and played ≥ 35 sets before and after injury. Results Volleyball attackers were 54.7% of the control population but sustained 78.8% of identified injuries. Following ACL injury, 6.1% of players registered no in-game statistics, 16.2% played in < 35 sets, 65.7% played in ≥ 35 sets, and 12.1% graduated. Mean performance statistics increased linearly the more years players were from ACL injury. Conclusions Female collegiate volleyball players return to play following ACL injury at high rates (93.1%) and maintain pre-injury performance levels. Volleyball attackers sustain ACL injuries more commonly than setters and libero/defensive specialists.

Effects of shoe collar height and limb dominance on landing knee biomechanics in female collegiate volleyball players

ABSTRACT Volleyball-specific footwear with higher collar heights (a mid-cut shoe) are worn to restrict ankle motion. Reduced ankle dorsiflexion has been associated with increased frontal plane motion and injury risk at the knee. With the high frequency of unilateral landings in volleyball, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of volleyball-specific shoes and limb dominance on knee landing mechanics in collegiate volleyball players. It was hypothesized that participants would exhibit smaller sagittal plane and greater frontal plane knee joint mechanics in mid-cut and dominant limb and that vertical and posterior directed ground reaction forces would be greater wearing mid-cut, yet similar between limbs. Seventeen female volleyball players performed unilateral landings on each limb in mid-cut and low-top volleyball shoes. For shoe main effects, smaller peak dorsiflexion angle and internal peak plantarflexion moment and greater peak medial ground reaction force were found in the mid-cut but with no impact on knee mechanics. For limb main effects, the internal peak knee abduction moment was greater in the dominant limb. Greater peak lateral ground reaction force was found in the interaction between the non-dominant limb and low-top. Further research is warranted to better understand shoe and limb impact in volleyball players.

Mechanical differences between three block jump approaches in NCAA DII college volleyball players

The purpose of the study was to examine the kinematics and kinetics differences between three common block approaches used in volleyball games: (1) shuffle block, (2) chicken wing block, and (3) swing block, from a fixed distance of 1.8 m. Ten female collegiate volleyball players from NCAA DII participated in the study. They performed, in a randomized order, a total of 18 blocks equally distributed among the three block types. Noraxon MyoResearch 3 software was used to analyze the block approaches. The statistical analysis was performed by running a Repeated Measurement ANOVA on Jamovi statistical software 2.3.24. The results showed that there was a significant main effect for time to take off, jump height, max knee flexion angles, peak power, relative peak power, net impulse, reactive strength index, max rate of force development, peak force, and relative peak force between the three types of blocks (p &lt; .05). While max valgus knee angles and max flexion hip angles did not show any effect (p &gt; .5). To cover a distance of 1.8m, it was clear that shuffle block was the weakest option for good block performances, while chicken wing and swing blocks were similar in many aspects. Both chicken wing and swing blocks can be used to elevate the block effectiveness of volleyball players compared to shuffle block.

Proximal Muscle Weakness in a Collegiate Volleyball Athlete.

Proximal Muscle Weakness in a Collegiate Volleyball Athlete.

Comparison of Physiological Profiles among Collegiate Volleyball Players- With and Without Musculoskeletal Pain: A Case Controlled Study

Background: The success of athletes is greatly influenced by their morphological and anthropometric traits.Numerous studies have examined how often volleyball players experience musculoskeletal pain, which is typicallylocated in the upper and lower back. The present study was to compare the physiological profiles with or withoutmusculoskeletal pain in volleyball players.Purpose: To compare the difference in the physiological profiles of volleyball players with or withoutmusculoskeletal pain.Materials and methods: The subjects were collegiate volleyball players selected based on inclusion criteria. Theyexplained about the study. Volleyball players were allocated into two groups of total 83 containing group A(n=23) with musculoskeletal pain and group B without musculoskeletal pain. The pro agility shuttle, verticaljump, standing broad jump, 40-yard test, three cone drill were assessed and the body composition was assessedusing skinfold caliper. The entire process was performed from February 2023 to June 2023.Result: From the statistical analysis made with quantitative data revealed no statistical difference between groupA and group BConclusion: The present study shows there was no significant difference in the physiological profiles of volleyballplayers with or without musculoskeletal pain.

Skill Oriented Preventive Strategies and Eccentric Muscle Training on Shoulder Paid and Function in Volleyball Players with Shoulder Injury – An Experimental Study

Background: Volleyball is a game which played by all age group in all over the world. In competitive atmosphere the collegiate players tend to get injuries, and the main considerable factor is these injuries are cumulative. Trained athletes also get cumulative injuries but prevalence of these kind of injuries are more in collegiate players because of improper skills and lack of adequate training, this study used to concentrate on correcting the skill as well as giving appropriate training. Method: This is an Experimental study; participants are 22 collegiate volleyball players from KG campus. They have divided into two groups by simple random sampling. Group A consist of 11 players. Group B consist of 11 players. Group A have received Eccentric muscle training along with skill oriented preventive strategies and Group B received Eccentric muscle training alone. After the acute management and rest, Eccentric muscle training and improving the skill by proper analysis and correction get started, duration of the study was 8 weeks. Results: The two outcome measures Spiking velocity and SPADI (shoulder pain and disability index) was used. Both Pain and activities shows positive improvement, t values of SPADI and Spiking Velocity is 11.731 and 2.765 at p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: Eccentric muscle training along with skill oriented preventive strategies are help full in preventing the injuries as well improving the performance of an athlete.

Measures Of Athlete Readiness Throughout A Division I Collegiate Volleyball Season

Measures Of Athlete Readiness Throughout A Division I Collegiate Volleyball Season

Effect of different ankle braces on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics following special-induced fatigue for volleyball players with functional ankle instability

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to examine the effects of different ankle braces on functional ankle instability (FAI) participants following special-induced fatigue, which will provide advice for preventing ankle sprains in volleyball game. MethodsA total of 18 male collegiate volleyball players with FAI were recruited. The kinematics and kinetics data were acquired from the participants during single-leg drop landing using the infrared motion capture system (Mars2H, Nokov, China) and the force platform (Bertec, USA). A 2 × 2 within subjects design ANOVA was adopted to analyze the data. ResultsWhether fatigue or not, soft and semi-rigid brace reduced the ankle inversion (P = 0.025). Moreover, soft brace reduced the sagittal range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint before fatigue (P = 0.05). In addition, the semi-rigid brace shortened the time to stability in the medial and lateral directions (P = 0.039) as well as the vertical directions (P < 0.001). The semi-rigid brace reduced the ground reaction force post-fatigue (P = 0.001). ConclusionSoft ankle brace reduced the sagittal range of motion pre-fatigue. Since volleyball requires athletes to jumping and landing repeatedly, and the ankle sagittal ROM was an important cushion during landings. Thus, soft ankle brace might result in overuse injury for lower extremity. However, the semi-rigid ankle brace increased the dynamic stability in the medial and vertical directions, and reduced the ankle inversion angle and forward ground reaction force post-fatigue. This ensured that the volleyball player's ankle was in a neutral position during landing, reducing the risk of excessive inversion caused by contact with the opposing player during spike and block.

The Impact of Total Caloric and Macronutrient Consumption on Strength and Power During an Off-Season Training Program in Collegiate Volleyball Players

Adequate caloric and carbohydrate intakes are necessary for positive adaptations to exercise training, yet there is limited research examining dietary intake in relation to strength and power in female athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine 1) whether there were significant changes in weekly total caloric and macronutrient consumption, strength, and power, and 2) whether total caloric and macronutrient consumption significantly and positively contributed to changes in strength and power across a controlled eight-week, off-season resistance training program. Eleven collegiate-level female volleyball players were examined on macronutrient consumption, strength, and power at two-week intervals using three-day food logs, 3-repetition maximum bench press and back squat, and vertical jump, respectively. Five assessments were conducted on each subject. Alpha level was set at r &lt; 0.05. Paired samples t-tests showed improvements in body mass index, lean body mass, percent body fat, and lower body strength and power following eight weeks of training (r &lt; .05) despite no significant changes in total calories or macronutrients. Results of a weighted regression analysis indicated that both total caloric consumption and carbohydrate intake influenced lower body power after training (r &lt; .05). However, nutrient intake did not impact strength or power at any of the two-week intervals. We believe these findings are related to the neuromuscular adaptations that occur early in training. A longer resistance training program resulting in gains in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) may be necessary to further examine the contribution of calories and macronutrients to performance-related variables.

The relationship of lower extremity asymmetry and power in male collegiate volleyball players

&lt;p&gt;目的：探討大專甲組男性排球運動員下肢身體組成與功能性測試的不對稱性，以及下肢不對稱性與連續爆發力之相關性。方法：共招募 20 名大專甲組男性排球運動員，測量其肌肉量、體脂率、單腳反向跳高度與巴士可 15 秒連續跳躍，以成對樣本 t 檢定比較左右腳肌肉量、體脂率及單腳反向跳高度之差異，並以皮爾森積差相關分析來檢測下肢不對稱性與巴士可連續跳躍疲勞指數之相關。結果：受試者之下肢兩側肌肉量、單次單腳反向跳躍高度達到顯著差異 (肌肉量 p = .008；單腳反向跳躍高度 p = .019)，反向跳不對稱指數與連續動力垂直跳之疲勞指數達到顯著中度相關 (p = .014, r = .545)。結論：大專甲組男性排球運動員具有下肢肌肉量與功能性測試之不對稱性，而下肢雙側不對稱越高，連續跳躍高度遞減幅度越大。未來研究可針對不同運動專項之下肢雙側不對稱性，以及雙側不對稱性對於其他功能性測試的影響進行探討。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose: To examine the asymmetry of lower extremity body composition and functional tests and to investigate the relationship of lower extremity asymmetry and power in male collegiate volleyball players. Methods: Twenty Division I male collegiate volleyball players were recruited. Muscle mass, body fat, single leg countermovement jump, and the Bosco 15s vertical jump tests were performed. The paired-t test was used to compare the lower extremity muscle mass, lower extremity fat mass, and single leg countermovement jump height between the right and left legs. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the lower extremity asymmetry and the Bosco jump fatigue index. Results: The lower extremity asymmetries in muscle mass and single leg countermovement jump height were found (muscle mass: p = .008, SLCMJ: p = .019). The asymmetry index in single leg countermovement jump height was positively correlated with the Bosco jump fatigue index (p = .014, r = .545). Conclusion: The asymmetries of lower extremity muscle mass and functional tests existed in male collegiate volleyball players. Higher bilateral asymmetry resulted in greater decrease in the continuous jump height. Future study could investigate the bilateral asymmetry in different sports and the effects of bilateral asymmetry on other functional tests.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Relationships between surrogate measures of mechanical and psychophysiological load, patellar tendon adaptations, and neuromuscular performance in NCAA division I men's volleyball athletes.

Patellar tendon adaptations occur in response to mechanical load. Appropriate loading is necessary to elicit positive adaptations with increased risk of injury and decreased performance likely if loading exceeds the capacity of the tendon. The aim of the current study was to examine intra-individual associations between workloads and patellar tendon properties and neuromuscular performance in collegiate volleyball athletes. National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I men's volleyball athletes (n = 16, age: 20.33 ± 1.15 years, height: 193.50 ± 6.50 cm, body mass: 84.32 ± 7.99 kg, bodyfat%: 13.18 ± 4.72%) competing across 9 weeks of in-season competition participated. Daily measurements of external workloads (i.e., jump count) and internal workloads [i.e., session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE)] were recorded. Weekly measurements included neuromuscular performance assessments (i.e., countermovement jump, drop jump), and ultrasound images of the patellar tendon to evaluate structural adaptations. Repeated measures correlations (r-rm) assessed intra-individual associations among performance and patellar tendon metrics. Workload measures exhibited significant negative small to moderate (r-rm =-0.26-0.31) associations with neuromuscular performance, negative (r-rm = -0.21-0.30), and positive (r-rm = 0.20-0.32) small to moderate associations with patellar tendon properties. Monitoring change in tendon composition and performance adaptations alongside workloads may inform evidence-based frameworks toward managing and reducing the risk of the development of patellar tendinopathy in collegiate men's volleyball athletes.

Measuring Block Reaction Time in Volleyball Players Using a Novel and Accurate Reaction Time Measurement System

Athletes who spend more time planning and executing plays can anticipate the outcome of their reactions more quickly and accurately, thus increasing the likelihood of effective plays. Video stimuli that replicate real sports have been used to study players’ reactions toward stimuli in various sports. However, the low frame rates of the video stimuli used in previous studies have resulted in errors when measuring reaction time. Further, a video display delay occurs in experiments where computers are used. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel and accurate reaction time measurement system to solve these problems. A video taken with a high-speed camera was used as the stimulus video to enable measurement of the time from the keyframe to the response. A marker was displayed on the computer screen during the keyframe in the stimulus video and was detected by a photosensor attached to the computer to compensate for video display delay. Using the new measurement system, the time required for a block maneuver reaction by volleyball players, known as the block reaction time (BRT), was measured in 15 male collegiate volleyball players. The BRTs were 0.214 ± 0.051, 0.616 ± 0.150, and 0.233 ± 0.065 s against the left, center, and right attacks, respectively. The measured BRTs were shorter than those measured using light stimuli in previous studies, probably because participants in this study were able to predict the direction of the ball toss using cues gleaned from the setter’s preliminary movements.

Glenohumeral Internal Rotational Deficit and Suprascapular Neuropathy in the Hitting Shoulder in Male Collegiate Volleyball Players

背景：バレーボール選手はスパイク動作を反復して行うことで利き腕側肩関節に高度のストレスが加わり肩関節内旋域減少（GIRD）と肩甲上神経障害をきたす可能性がある．本研究の目的は男子大学生バレーボール選手におけるpathological GIRDと肩甲上神経障害の発症率を明らかにすることである．

Correlations Between Preseason Functional Test Scores and Game Performance in Female Collegiate Volleyball Players.

BackgroundFunctional tests (FT) are assessment tools that attempt to evaluate balance, flexibility, strength, power, speed, or agility through performance of gross motor skills. FT are frequently administered by coaches or sports medicine professionals to evaluate athletic ability, to predict performance, to identify athletes at risk for injury, or to evaluate an athlete’s ability to return to sport after injury. Functional tests which can provide accurate or predictive information regarding athletic ability would be advantageous to coaching staffs or medical professionals.PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to identify correlations between preseason FT scores and in-season game statistics in a cohort of female collegiate level volleyball (VB) players. A secondary purpose was to present FT descriptive data for this cohort based on level of competition, player position, and starter status.Study Designprospective cohort; correlationalMethodsOne hundred and thirty-one female collegiate VB players representing three levels of competition completed four FT [standing long jump (SLJ), single-leg hop (SLH), lower extremity functional test (LEFT), and the Y-Balance Test - Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ)] at the start of the preseason. Player statistics were collected from team records at the completion of the season.ResultsStarters performed significantly better on all tests. There were moderate negative correlations between LEFT scores and game statistics for liberos, defensive specialists, and outside hitters. There were moderate positive correlations between YBT-LQ composite scores and game statistics for liberos, defensive specialists, hitters, and middle blockers. There were also low to moderate level positive correlations between SLJ and SLH scores and game performance for outside hitters. There were low to moderate level positive correlations between SLH scores and game performance for middle blockers and opposite side hitters.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that there are low to moderate correlations between some preseason functional test scores and some game statistics. The SLJ, SLH, LEFT, and YBT-LQ tests may help coaches with talent identification and/or may influence training strategies.Level of Evidence3

Effects of Caffeine on Agility Tests on One Women's Collegiate Volleyball Team

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on agility tests (3-step approach,2-hand vertical leap,5-10-5 drill) on a women’s collegiate volleyball team at one Division III institution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Vertical jump measuring device measured 3-step approach and 2-hand vertical leap measurements. A stopwatch measured the 5-10-5 drill.