Collegial Style Research Articles

“Nil Reconsidered” Reconsidered: Disclosing the Teacher in the Critic

This essay returns to Paul Fry’s chapter, “Nil Reconsidered: Criticism, Actuality, and ‘To Autumn,’” in A Defense of Poetry: Reflections on the Occasion of Writing as an occasion for reflecting on how Fry’s style of literary theory informed his teaching practice and ethic. In the midst of this chapter’s critique of books by Jerome McGann and Helen Vendler, Fry evokes the relationships of “students and colleagues,” thereby prompting us to think about the varieties of spaces, positions, and mediums we move between in our shared field of literary studies and inviting us to watch his style of movement from page to classroom. Drawing on personal memories of being an undergraduate and graduate student at Yale in the 1980s and 1990s, this essay traces Fry’s interpretive repertoire of “clearing,” “disclosing,” “suspending,” and “letting be” into a teaching and collegial style of restraint that came most sharply into focus during the 1995 grade strike at Yale.

Leadership Styles and Political Survival of Chinese Communist Party Elites

The characters and preferences of individual leaders matter greatly for policies and governance in many political systems, yet systematic evidence on how politicians lead and the consequences of their leadership styles remains scant. This study sheds light on these issues by analyzing a unique data set of internal evaluation remarks for top provincial politicians in China. Latent class analyses on evaluation keywords reveal two distinct styles: an assertive, autocratic style that focuses on centralized decision-making and efficient execution and a relatively soft, collegial style that respects dissent and fosters intraelite collaboration. We further show that these two leadership styles are associated with distinct governing strategies and that they both offer viable, but different, paths to political survival. These findings enrich our understanding of survival tactics and selection dynamics in one-party systems.

Емоційна обізнаність суб’єктів аудіальної медіакультури при різних стилях міжособистісної взаємодії

Проаналізовано зв’язок між стилями міжособистісної взаємодії учнів, студентів та інших суб’єктів у реальному житті, їхньою емоційною обізнаністю та аудіальною медіакультурою. Виявлено особливості зв’язку аудіальної медіакультури з емоційною обізнаністю та міжособистісною взаємодією суб’єктів в аудіальному просторі. Представлено результати емпіричного дослідження емоційної обізнаності суб’єктів, що мають різні стилі міжособистісної взаємодії в медіапросторі. Вибірка, що складалася із 140 осіб віком від 14 до 23 років, досліджувалася за допомогою комплексу методик: опитувальника емоційної обізнаності (К. Штейнер), тесту на визначення стилів міжособистісної взаємодії (С. Максимов, Ю. Лобейко), авторської анкети “Музичні уподобання”. Результати дослідження підтвердили наявність взаємозв’язку між рівнями емоційної обізнаності субА’єктів і їхніми стилями міжособистісної взаємодії. При цьому статистично значущих зв’язків між стилями міжособистісної взаємодії і музичними уподобаннями не виявлено. Водночас простежено статистично значущі зв’язки між рівнями емоційної обізнаності і критеріями аудіальної культури. Висунуто припущення, що суб’єкти з високим рівнем емоційної обізнаності вдаються до директивного стилю спілкування навмисно, з певною метою, а суб’єкти, що мають низький рівень емоційної обізнаності, – здебільшого несвідомо, щоб полегшити спілкування. Люди, що віддають перевагу стилю невтручання, здатні вибудовувати продуктивні стосунки в житті й на роботі, але часто не враховують потреби людей, які їх оточують. Для розвитку колегіального стилю взаємодії людина має не лише аналізувати свої емоції, а й співчувати іншим, розрізняти їхні емоції. У випадку ділового стилю спілкування увага до власних емоцій сприймається в нашому соціумі як слабкість, неможливість підтримувати власне ділові стосунки, які передбачають передусім стриманість; це призводить до того, що емоції “заганяються” на тілесний рівень. Тож для підтримання цього стилю взаємодії дуже важливо розуміти, що відчуває партнер по спілкуванню. Зроблено припущення, що, підвищуючи рівень аудіальної медіакультури особистості, можна таким чином опосередковано формувати стиль міжособистісної взаємодії.

Features of the Visual Image’ Formation of Manager, Based on Various Components of His Appearance and Nonverbal Behavior

The problem of visual image constructing has always been topical for both foreign and domestic to social psychology, because it is included in the process of social interaction, communication and understanding of other people. Therefore it becomes necessary to consider its structure and mechanisms of functioning. Practical conditionality of the problem of visual image constructing indicates two directions of analysis. On the one hand, in terms of designing their own “visualimage”, because, consciously or unconsciously, intentionally or not, each person constructs image of himself. On the other hand, in terms of the way in which the subject constructs the visual image of communication partner. This article examines the concept of “visual image” of a partner, analyzes some domestic and foreign studies, which are devoted to various aspects of this concept.The author describes an empirical study devoted the theme, how the visual image of the organization leader, which includes a variety of characteristics of nonverbal behavior and external appearance, corresponds with his style of leadership. The study shows, that the directive, permissive, collegial styles of leadership are reflected in the features of the visual image. In the final part of the study wereconstructed visual images corresponding to each style of leadership. These visual images are included various features of nonverbal behavior and characteristics of external appearance, which were chosen the study participants. Each visual image includes elements that have a different focus, the modality, intensity and degree of harmony.

Relatıonshıp Between School Clımate And Prıncıpals’ Job Performance In Secondary Schools

This study investigated the relationship between school climate and principals’ job performance in secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria. It adopted a correlational study design. Five research questions and five hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study embraced all the principals from 283 secondary schools in the six education zones of Enugu State. Out of the population, a sample of 177 principals was selected through simple random sampling technique. The instruments used to collect data were Organizational Climate Index and Principal Self-Assessment Questionnaire, adapted and developed by the researcher, respectively. The two sets of questionnaires were duly validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation, and Educational Management and Policy. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of the instruments which yielded 0.83 for the Organizational Climate Index and 0.94 for the Principal Self-Assessment Questionnaire. . Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. The findings showed among others that: there was a moderate positive relationship existing between the two variables- school climate and principal’s job performance. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that principals should embrace the collaborative and collegial style of administration where teachers are included and free to share ideas and concepts for managerial and school effectiveness. It was also recommended that principals should create an atmosphere that is supportive, comfortable, friendly, productive, and relaxed, to motivate students’ greater participation in learning and achieving educational goals.

The myth of the strong leader: political leadership in modern politics

All too frequently, leadership is reduced to a simple dichotomy: the strong versus the weak. Yet, there are myriad ways to exercise effective political leadership--as well as different ways to fail. We blame our leaders for economic downfalls and praise them for vital social reforms, but rarely do we question what makes some leaders successful while others falter. In this magisterial and wide-ranging survey of political leadership over the past hundred years, renowned Oxford politics professor Archie Brown challenges the widespread belief that strong leaders -- meaning those who dominate their colleagues and the policy-making process -- are the most successful and admirable. In reality, only a minority of political leaders will truly make a lasting difference. Though we tend to dismiss more collegial styles of leadership as weak, it is often the most cooperative leaders who have the greatest impact. Drawing on extensive research and decades of political analysis and experience, Brown illuminates the achievements, failures and foibles of a broad array of twentieth century politicians. Whether speaking of redefining leaders like Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, and Margaret Thatcher, who expanded the limits of what was politically possible during their time in power, or the even rarer transformational leaders who played a decisive role in bringing about systemic change -- Charles de Gaulle, Mikhail Gorbachev and Nelson Mandela, among them -- Brown challenges our commonly held beliefs about political efficacy and strength. Overturning many of our assumptions about the twentieth century's most important figures, Brown's conclusions are both original and enlightening. The Myth of the Strong Leader compels us to reassess the leaders who have shaped our world -- and to reconsider how we should choose and evaluate those who will lead us into the future.

Interdisciplinarity in action: the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, 1964–2002

The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) at the University of Birmingham in England, launched in 1964, highlights contested issues of knowledge production in relation to the disciplines in modern universities. It constitutes a fascinating example of the social formation of configurations of knowledge that can be subjected to historical analysis such as those conducted for example by Richard Selleck, Geoff Sherington and other recent historians of education. It enacted an explicit ideal of interdisciplinarity in its approach to research, teaching and social practices, unlike for example educational studies which in the same period generally held to a weaker model of multidisciplinarity. Archival documents and interviews with some of those who were participants or witnesses of its development shed light on CCCS's approach to interdisciplinarity in action. This generated significant works such as Unpopular education: schooling and social democracy in England since 1944 and a collegial style of teaching and research, but also led to isolation, political vulnerability and its eventual closure in 2002.

Monopolizing, Mutualizing, or Muddling Through: Factions and Party Management in Contemporary Thailand

In democracies throughout the world, intra-party factions manifest themselves in parties and governments. Formal and informal institutions have, however, proved crucial in managing factionalism. This is especially true in Thailand's emerging parliamentary democracy where the management of factionalism has become a major objective for Thai parties. This study explores factions and factionalism as well as how different types of parties try to manage intra-party dissension especially in the case of Thailand. The findings suggest that management style tends to be a function of a party's organization, with parties which practice a collegial style tending to be the more successful in controlling intra-party cliques over time. At the same time, the most important tools which party leaderships can use to control factions are the careful use of constitutional provisions and manipulation of party finance.

Edging the Change

• Summary: This article reports the findings of the Edge of Change Project which sought to enable specialist social services teams in three local authorities to improve services for Deaf and hard of hearing service users in line with the Best Practice Standards. In particular we highlight the characteristics of the three areas: the projects they chose; a flavour of how they addressed the projects; and identify potential lessons for those similarly seeking to improve services. • Findings: In particular we identify potential glimpses for meaningful change including: change being based on underpinning values, partnership with service users, effective communication, `seed money' creativity and a collegial style of management. The inhibitors of change identified include: `keeping the day-job going', underestimating the amount of time and resources required, staff changes, lack of technological support, and the need to be both looking in and out and the fact that external events can change everything. • Applications : The themes discussed are potentially generalizable and may be of help to those considering similar changes with specialist teams.

"A host of experienced microscopists": the establishment of histology in nineteenth-century Edinburgh.

Edinburgh was the foremost center in Britain for the introduction of microscopic anatomy into medical training. It therefore offers an instructive case study of the way in which what was initially an obscure and exotic technology eventually became a regular part of medical education. The paper explores the process by which skills that were originally the preserve of a small number of pioneers in histology came to be transmitted to a wider population. It focuses, in particular, on the transition from an authoritarian style of pedagogy, best exemplified by the histological teaching of John Hughes Bennett, to the more collegial styles of interaction between microscopists that came to be embodied in the Edinburgh Physiological Society.

10 Downing Street

The powers of the Prime Minister are not inscribed in the constitution and depend upon the degree of use made of the Prime Minister’s sources of support. Amongst these sources the office of the Prime minister forms an unavoidable part of the decision-making process. The multiplication of its tasks has been relentless and it functions by way of a notable absence of formalism. This structure, which is of a modest size, seems to be adapted to the collegial style of government, but the need remains for a more centralised coordination of the decision-making process.

24: Vatican II: A Change Rooted in Continuity Preparing for the Third Millennium

Twenty years after the Second Vatican Council, an extraordinary Synod of Bishops invited the Church to reflect upon the elapsed twenty years. Renewal and reform were the themes analyzed. Today the Church, as an institution and as a community of faith, is starting a post‐counciliar process, to engage the modern world in a dialogue about major social and intellectual questions of the day. The event of the Council follows the law of development in Catholic thought, that is, “the growing edge of tradition,” but it is a change rooted in continuity.The principle and practice of collegiality is fundamental to the life of the Church. It can be explained as the collaborative relationship of the Pope with the bishops in teaching and ruling the Church. The Supreme Pontiff, together with the bishops, has supreme and full authority over the universal Church. Of course, a collegial style has several consequences in Catholic policy. First of all, it involves a decentralization of the decisionmaking process. Subsequently it demands an engagement of many people in positions of responsibility within the Church. The Church needs ecclesiastical changes and reform. Relationship with Protestant churches and other religious communities must be increased. Vatican II, with its themes of renewal and reform, has opened a new chapter of dialogue between the Church and contemporary culture. It has ascribed to the Church the task of protecting human rights and fostering peace in a nuclear age. Two important aspects brought along by Vatican II are the role of laity in the Church and the renewal of religious life. The role of laity received its strongest theological affirmation at the Council. The meetings of bishops and religious people are another aspect of the renewal of religious life. This ongoing dialogue can have an important impact on the Church's ministry and service, and on society.

L'ENGRENAGE, COLLEGIAL STYLE, AND THE CRISIS SYNDROME: LESSONS FROM MONETARY POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

L'ENGRENAGE, COLLEGIAL STYLE, AND THE CRISIS SYNDROME: LESSONS FROM MONETARY POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY