Collection Repository Research Articles

Worldwide research trends on bone metastases of lung cancer: a bibliometric analysis.

Lung cancer has the highest fatality rate among all malignancies worldwide. Within this disease, bone metastasis (BM) emerges as a particularly deleterious site of metastatic dissemination, marked by a dismal prognosis. The objective of this investigation is to shed light on the current international research efforts and the development trajectory on lung cancer BM through a bibliometric analysis (performance and visualization analysis). Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection repository on lung cancer BM from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2022. Subsequently, the collected data underwent scrutiny using the VOSviewer software to reveal patterns of co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword analysis, while the CiteSpace software facilitated the generation of keyword cluster maps and performed burst analyses. The study included 327 papers of 2,154 authors, 587 organizations, and 41 countries, and explored the cooperation between them and the relationships between citations. Over the past decade, published papers showed a steady growth trend. China had the highest production with 189 papers, and USA had the highest collaboration with other countries, with 43 total link strength. Lung Cancer exhibited the highest frequency of co-cited journals, with a co-citation time of 412 and an IF/JCR partition of 6.081/Q1 in 2021. The most frequently co-cited article, authored by Tsuya A and published in Lung Cancer in 2007, amassed 70 co-citations. High-frequency keywords were categorized into four clusters: pathogenesis, treatment and clinical manifestations, prognosis, and diagnosis. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the strong citation burst strength of keywords such as "predictor," "skeletal-related events," "efficacy," "migration," "docetaxel," and "impact." Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of tumor. This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive analysis of lung cancer BM in the recent 10 years. The field of early diagnosis, pathogenesis, and new treatments is entering a phase of rapid development and remains valuable for future research.

An Introduction to the Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl)

The Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl) is a comprehensive community-curated repository of scientific collections, their host institutions, and associated staff members. GRSciColl was adopted by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) in 2018, after being developed and hosted at the Smithsonian Institution. GRSciColl houses data on various institutional or personal scientific collections such as natural history collections, archeological collections, and cell culture collections. Users can access information about the collection location, content, accessibility status, coverage (e.g., geographic and taxonomic), and contacts. Additionally, it serves as a tool for enhancing data interoperability by including institution and collection codes and identifiers, as well as external identifiers like Wikidata Q numbers whenever feasible. The digitized specimens published on GBIF.org are linked with GRSciColl institutions and collections based on these codes and identifiers. These specimens are then aggregated to generate metrics and dashboards, which display customized multiple tables and visualization, regardless of how they were published on GBIF. Most of the data in GRSciColl is sourced from Index Herbariorum, the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio), and national registries. The information can also be improved by direct contributions from a community of editors or the suggestions made by the users. As of 19 April 2024, GRSciColl provided information on 7,678 scientific collections and 7,906 institutions. However, GRSciColl includes numerous legacy entries, with many institutions lacking associated collections. This discrepancy arises partly from misregistrations, where institution entries should be collections. Additionally, some national registries or surveys provided institution-level information that did not align with the GRSciColl schema for collections. Furthermore, some records pertain to historical institutions that no longer maintain collections. The most up-to-date entries are discoverable and accessible via the website: https://scientific-collections.gbif.org and the GRSciColl Application Programming Interface (API). In this presentation, we will show you how to navigate the GRSciColl website and API to help you find relevant institutions, collections, and specimen records and look up codes and identifiers. We will cover any new functionality developed in the context of the GRSciColl 2023-2024 road map, which aims to support richer, structured descriptions as well as the ability to upload an inventory of species.

Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology: The Co-pilot or the Captain?

Though artificial intelligence (AI) is being widely implemented in gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology and has the potential to be paradigm shifting for clinical practice, its pitfalls must be considered along with its advantages. Currently, although the use of AI is limited in practice to supporting clinical judgment, medicine is rapidly heading toward a global environment where AI will be increasingly autonomous. Broader implementation of AI will require careful ethical considerations, specifically related to bias, privacy, and consent. Widespread use of AI raises concerns related to increasing rates of systematic errors, potentially due to bias introduced in training datasets. We propose that a central repository for collection and analysis for training and validation datasets is essential to overcoming potential biases. Since AI does not have built-in concepts of bias and equality, humans involved in AI development and implementation must ensure its ethical use and development. Moreover, ethical concerns regarding data ownership and health information privacy are likely to emerge, obviating traditional methods of obtaining patient consent that cover all possible uses of patient data. The question of liability in case of adverse events related to use of AI in GI must be addressed among the physician, the healthcare institution, and the AI developer. Though the future of AI in GI is very promising, herein we review the ethical considerations in need of additional guidance informed by community experience and collective expertise.

Fishboneviz: Enhancing the availability of zooarchaeological fish reference collections through an open access 3D database

Fish remains are a common component of coastal and inland archaeological assemblages from Australia and the Pacific Islands. Physical reference collections are the primary tool that researchers use to taxonomically identify fish bones but given the high biodiversity of fishes in this region, collections are frequently not complete at the genus- and species-level. Adjunct resources, such as online photograph repositories of fish bone reference collections and illustrated technical guides, provide useful supplementary aids. However, such 2D photographs and illustrations offer fixed perspectives of the bone and do not allow for ready manipulation and detailed examination of the specimen. Here, we introduce Fishboneviz, the first open access 3D fish bone reference collection, which was developed to reduce inequitable access to physical reference collections in line with the FAIR principles of data management (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable). A ‘best-practice’ methodology was established to facilitate fast and effective segmentation (i.e. isolate regions of interest such as elements) of fish Computed Tomography (CT) scans. This way, fish bone elements of interest were segmented to allow digital manipulation and viewing of the complete element. To examine the effectiveness of the approach, image segmentation procedures were applied to a representative sample of 10 bone elements per fish: dentary, premaxilla, maxilla, articular, quadrate, hyomandibular, opercle, preopercle, last precaudal vertebra, and first caudal vertebra. For species within the family Labridae, the three pharyngeal grinding plates were also segmented. These elements were selected as they represent different regions of the skeleton, variable morphologies, and commonly recovered elements from archaeological sites. To date, the collection contains the skeletal elements of 26 fish species (18 families). In the future, it is hoped that the collection will be further expanded by a broader network of interested collaborators to ensure it grows according to the changing needs of research and teaching communities.

Development of a maturity model to assess the FAIRness of architectural data in Switzerland

This research carries out an in-depth assessment of the application of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles by the Swiss scientific community specialized in architecture, and consequently its positioning in the context of open science. The FAIR maturity assessment of research data is based on the use of maturity models. They provide a structured framework for implementing and improving data management practices. Our methodology involved a careful comparison of six existing maturity models and their alignment with the FAIR principles. This ensured a relevant and appropriate selection of evaluation criteria for own model. Developing straightforward criteria that can be applied in real-world scenarios is a key aspect of our approach. Inspired by the FAIR principles, we formulated our matrix-based maturity model, the Architectural Maturity Model (AMM). The goal of the AMM is to improve the understanding of metrics using a question-answer approach. We then applied the AMM to evaluate selected datasets stored in the Zenodo and ETH Research Collection repositories to assess the FAIRness of architectural research data.
 The results show that architectural data are findable and accessible, but that they not very interoperable and can be reused only with limitations. To improve the FAIRness of architectural research data we recommend data producers to prioritize licences without restriction (e.g. CC0) and open formats. We also encourage researchers to discuss with their data stewards how to use controlled vocabularies to improve the visibility of their data on digital platforms.

Towards a framework for point-cloud-based visual analysis of historic gardens: Jichang Garden as a case study

Historic gardens, regarded as a significant genre of cultural heritage, encapsulate the enduring essence of bygone eras while concurrently transcending temporal boundaries to resonate with the present and future. These gardens provide us vitality and inspiration, holding a collective repository of human memory and serving as a testament to our shared heritage. However, like landscapes, gardens constantly change through natural processes and human interventions. How can we preserve these gardens, though changes are unavoidable? Spatial and visual characteristics are the gardens' essential characteristics, and point-cloud (LiDAR) technologies are powerful tools to reveal and analyze gardens’ spatial-visual relationships and characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to present a point-cloud-based approach to identifying spatial-visual design principles and making them operational to protect and develop historic gardens. Additionally, several methods have been proposed in this research, including (a) a voxel-based method to transfer points into a solid model for GIS-based computation, (b) a novel method to analyze the field of view (FOV), and (c) a systemic framework to reveal historic gardens’ spatial-visual characteristics based on the voxelized model. Jichang Garden, a historic garden in Wuxi, China, known for its visual design and spatial arrangement, has been selected as a case study to showcase how to apply the methods proposed by this paper. The findings include the design principles for the water body, the arrangement for a route, and the planting strategies of the garden. The conservational strategies have been formed based on the findings, and the appliable potentials and limitations of the methods have also been discussed.

Overview of Image Datasets for Deep Learning Applications in Diagnostics of Power Infrastructure.

The power sector is one of the most important engineering sectors, with a lot of equipment that needs to be appropriately maintained, often spread over large areas. With the recent advances in deep learning techniques, many applications can be developed that could be used to automate the power line inspection process, replacing previously manual activities. However, in addition to these novel algorithms, this approach requires specialized datasets, collections that have been properly curated and labeled with the help of experts in the field. When it comes to visual inspection processes, these data are mainly images of various types. This paper consists of two main parts. The first one presents information about datasets used in machine learning, especially deep learning. The need to create domain datasets is justified using the example of the collection of data on power infrastructure objects, and the selected repositories of different collections are compared. In addition, selected collections of digital image data are characterized in more detail. The latter part of the review also discusses the use of an original dataset containing 2630 high-resolution labeled images of power line insulators and comments on the potential applications of this collection.

RANCANG BANGUN REPOSITORY PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER

This research was conducted to design and build a repository system for the informatics engineering study program at Paramadina University. Repository is a container for documenting and preserving digital information that is used through the internet network. The repository for collections in digital form produced by students and lecturers from the Informatics Engineering study program at Paramadina University is still ongoing along with other study programs. To search for scientific publication files the user must search for the name of the lecturer or student. Based on these problems, this prompted the author to develop a special repository application for the informatics engineering study program which was built using the waterfall method, in which the hope of forming this repository application can make it easier for lecturers and students to document and search for references to scientific publications or other documents.

Pelatihan Penggunaan Repositori Arsip Digital Manuskrip Bagi Pegawai Museum Sang Nila Utama

The current target community service partners are Sang Nila Utama Museum employees. This service is a continuation of research activities regarding the design of the manuscript repository for the Sang Nila Utama Museum collection. Currently, all manuscript collections have been recorded, however, the public still cannot access these digital manuscripts easily, this is because the person in charge of the museum and their employees do not yet have an understanding of the advantages of using a repository. Seeing these conditions, it is necessary to conduct training for employees regarding the use of the repository. The purpose of this activity, namely (1) to provide knowledge to employees about the repository; (2) to Employees have knowledge and understanding of the use of repository services. In order to achieve the above objectives, it is necessary to hold activities, including (1) Counseling related to the museum collection repository and manuscripts; (2) brief training on using the repository service. Participants who took part in the activity totaled 5 people. The results of the service show that at first, the participants did not have an understanding of repository services, but after counseling, the participants understood the meaning and function of repository services. It is hoped that in the future, this repository service can be applied to all collections, not only manuscripts but other museum collection objects.
 Keywords: training, repository, digital manuscripts.

S3067 Liver Histology Findings in COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Hepatitis: A Case Series

Introduction: There have been reported cases of hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccination. The previously described clinical presentations and histology findings have been heterogenous, making it difficult to identify a definitive pattern of liver injury. We present a series of three patients with elevated liver enzymes after Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination who underwent liver biopsy. Case Description/Methods: Patient 1, a 32-year-old male in good health, presented with elevated liver enzymes on routine outpatient labs. He was asymptomatic and physical exam was unremarkable. He had received his second dose of the COVID vaccine 27 days prior. Serologic liver workup and biopsy findings can be found in Table 1. He was treated with ursodiol 500 mg twice daily, with significant improvement in liver enzymes after 30 days. Patient 2, a 56-year-old male with history of diabetes presented with nausea, pruritis and painless jaundice. Jaundice and diffuse excoriations were seen on exam. Liver enzymes were elevated and serologic liver workup and biopsy findings can be found in Table 1. His third COVID-19 vaccination was 5 days prior to presentation. The patient was treated with IV steroids for 5 days, with short term improvement in liver enzymes. Patient 3, an 85-year-old male with history of dyslipidemia and NSTEMI presented with dark urine and poor oral intake. Scleral icterus was noted on physical exam. Liver enzymes were elevated, and serologic liver workup and biopsy findings can be found in Table 1. He received his third COVID-19 vaccine 4 days prior. He was treated with prednisone taper with complete resolution of liver enzymes after 3 months. Discussion: This case series suggests a possible correlation between Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination and hepatitis as demonstrated by liver biopsy findings. All three patients had no prior history of underlying liver disease, alcohol use or identifiable risk factors. Patient presentation was variable in terms of clinical symptoms, serologic workup and even histology findings. The common thread was elevated immunoglobulins suggesting an immune component without findings of autoimmune hepatitis. This is consistent with a previously published case series of COVID-19 vaccine-induced hepatitis. We share our findings to add to the collective repository of COVID-19 vaccine-induced hepatitis to add to existing literature and with the hope of increasing awareness. Table 1. - This table depicts demographic information, pertinent work up, and treatment of each case Case Age, Sex, BMI Pertinent Medical History Vaccine Type, Dose, Timing* Associated Symptoms Peak Lab Values Pertinent Work Up (negative unless listed) Liver Biopsy Clinical Course AST (U/L) ALT (U/L) ALP (U/L) T bili (mg/dL) INR (ratio) 1 32 male25.1 NoneNo prior liver disease Pfizer-BioNTechDose #227 days None 222 372 666 1.4 1.1 IgG 1,670 mg/dLCross-sectional imaging within normal limits Chronic hepatitis with mild-moderate fibrosis (Grade 1-2, Stage 2) Mild centrilobular changes with steatosis Treatment with ursodiol 500 mg twice daily for 30 daysImproving 2 56 male30.5 Recent acute cholecystitis, type 2 diabetes mellitusNo prior liver disease Pfizer-BioNTechDose #3 (booster)5 days Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, scleral icterus, pruritis, dark urine, weight loss 474 395 860 23.6 1.4 IgA 640 mg/dLIgG 2,230 mg/dL, IgG subclass 4,153 mg/dL+ANA 1:640, +ASMA 1:320Ferritin 3,775 ng/mLMRCP: cholelithiasis with possible acute cholecystitis, no biliary duct dilatation, no choledocholithiasis Mild nonspecific periportal edema with mildly prominent periportal lymph nodes Cholestatic hepatitis, stage 3 out of 4 NASH, tissue IgG4 immunostains unremarkable (1+ out of 4) Treatment with IV methylprednisolone 100 mg x5 days, followed by 60 mg prednisone daily for 30 days with short term improvement 3 85 male27.8 Hypo-thyroidism dyslipidemiaNo prior liver disease Pfizer-BioNTechDose #3 (booster) 4 days Dark urine 2354 2221 313 15.9 1.2 IgG 1,770 mg/dL, IgG4 212 mg/dLANA+, ASMA+ 1:20CT scan A/P with IV contrast: acute interstitial pancreatitis, gallbladder wall thickeningMRI: normal liver contour & size, without evidence of hepatic steatosis Acute hepatitisSteatohepatitis, moderate inflammation, marked ballooning degeneration and no significant sinusoidal fibrosis Treatment with prednisone 40 mg daily, then tapered over 3 months Normalized AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; T bili, total bilirubin; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; ANA, anti-nuclear antibody; ASMA, anti-smooth muscle antibodies; MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; DILI, drug-induced liver injury; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis *In association with COVID vaccine

Reference Staffing and Scheduling Models in Archives and Special Collections: A Survey Analysis of Prepandemic Practices

ABSTRACT Reference services form the core function of any type of library. Even when faced with shrinking budgets and staff sizes, library and archives workers continue to provide reference services to meet the demands of researchers. Yet a critical analysis of the internal systems used for archival and special collections reference work is lacking compared to the robust body of research about users of collection materials. This article presents findings from a national survey about reference staffing and scheduling models in archival and special collections repositories conducted immediately prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey data revealed specific models for staffing and scheduling used by participating institutions, respondents' level of satisfaction with staffing and scheduling models, and the most common challenges and successes related to reference services. The responses also conveyed information about the number of special collections and archives staff participating in reference services, the average length and frequency of shifts, and typical service hours. The findings indicated overall satisfaction among respondents in terms of their unit's staffing and scheduling models, with larger institutions reporting higher satisfaction rates across all categories than smaller institutions. Yet many survey participants reported budget constraints and staffing shortages that negatively impact public services operations. Although the results do not pinpoint a single approach to reference staffing and scheduling that will work for all archives and special collections units, qualitative responses suggest that successful reference models depend on sufficient staffing, internal buy-in and cooperation among employees, and support from supervisors and administration.

PROMOTION DESIGN OF INDONESIAN BATIK MUSEUM FOR YOUNG GENERATIONS THROUGH INSTAGRAM

Batik is a traditional Indonesian fabric with a blend of art and technology that has been recorded by UNESCO as one of the intangible world heritages. The Indonesian Batik Museum was established by the government to preserve, provide insight, and understanding of Nusantara batik to the public. To keep up with the times, museums are currently more focused on the visitor experience and not just as a repository of collections. However, at this time, there is still a lack of public interest in visiting and a lack of promotion on Museum Batik Indonesia’s social media. Hopefully, after visiting Museum Batik Indonesia, the mindset of visitors about Indonesian batik will change. The purpose of this promotional design is to increase the interest of the younger generation in visiting the Museum Batik Indonesia. Batik is Indonesia’s proud asset and deserves to be preserved, so it is necessary to introduce the history, meaning and various types of batik to the younger generation. Museum Batik Indonesia is a facility that can include education about Indonesian batik. The promotion design of Museum Batik Indonesia is using the AIDA (Awareness, Interest, Desire, Action) marketing strategy on Instagram. The design of this promotion includes various information about Museum Batik Indonesia and knowledge about batik in general, which is expected to increase the interest of the younger generation to wear, understand and love Indonesian batik.

The Identification of Ethidium Bromide-Degrading Bacteria from Laboratory Gel Electrophoresis Waste.

Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is widely used in most laboratories to detect nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis applications. It is a well-known carcinogenic and mutagenic agent, which can affect biotic components of the place in which it is disposed. Usually the gel-waste is either buried in the ground or incinerated, whereas the liquid waste is disposed of down the sink following the recommended methods of treatment. The recommended methods do not involve biological potential, but rather make use of chemicals, which may further deteriorate soil and water quality. The present study identifies and characterizes the EtBr-degrading bacterial isolates BR3 and BR4. A bibliographic review of the risk status of using these isolates for the treatment of lab waste in laboratory settings is also presented. BR3 was identified as Proteus terrae N5/687 (LN680103) and BR4 as Morganella morganii subsp. morganii ATCC 25830 (AJ301681) with 99.9% and 99.48% similarity, respectively, using an EzBioCloud microbial identifier. The literature revealed the bacterium Proteus terrae as a non-pathogenic and natural microflora of humans, but Morganella morganii as an opportunistic pathogen. These organisms belong to risk group II. Screening the sensitivity of these isolates to antibiotics revealed a sufficient number of antibiotics, which can be used to control them, if required. BR3 and BR4 exhibited resistance to individual antibiotics, ampicillin and vancomycin, whereas only BR3 was resistant to tetracycline. The current investigation, along with earlier reported work on these isolates, identifies BR3 as a useful isolate in the industrial application for the degradation of EtBr. Identical and related microorganisms, which are available in the culture collection repositories, can also be explored for such potential to formulate a microbial consortium for the bioremediation of ethidium bromide prior to its disposal.

Advancing QuantCrit to Rethink the School-to-Prison Pipeline for Latinx and Black Youth

Latinx and Black youth are pushed out of school at a higher than average rate of 7.7% and 5.5%, respectively, compared to 4.1% of White youth. By “pushed out” we are referring to students who are labeled as “drop outs.” This language shift is important, as, “dropout” implies a choice made by students to leave school while “pushout” accounts for the various forces that lead to students leaving school. One factor that contributes to this alarming statistic is that harsh school punishment disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority students in urban settings, rather than making school more accessible for them. Using data from the California Department of Justice and the Civil Rights Data Collection repository, we provide a descriptive analysis of the school-toprison pipeline in Southern California. This description is based on two innovative critical race methodologies: QuantCrit (quantitative) and Counterstorytelling (qualitative). These methodologies illuminate the experiences of thirty-nine former high school students who were pushed out of high school through the activity of counter-storytelling, these former high school students speak and remember how racism, sexism, and classism manifested in their schooling experiences. This study shows how to use QuantCrit and counter-storytelling in criminal justice education.

Eight Years of Rider Measurement in the Android Malware Ecosystem

Despite the growing threat posed by the Android malware, the research community is still lacking a comprehensive view of common behaviors and emerging trends in malware families active on the platform. Without such view, researchers incur the risk of developing systems that only detect outdated threats, missing the most recent ones. In this article, we conduct the largest measurement of Android malware behavior to date, analyzing over 1.2 million malware samples that belong to 1.28K families over a period of eight years (from 2010 to 2017). We aim at understanding how Android malware has evolved over time, focusing on <i>repackaging</i> malware. In this type of threat different innocuous apps are piggybacked with a malicious payload (<i>rider</i>), allowing inexpensive malware manufacturing. One of the main challenges posed when studying repackaged malware is slicing the app to split benign components apart from the malicious ones. To address this problem, we use differential analysis to isolate software components that are irrelevant to the campaign and study the behavior of malicious riders alone. Our analysis framework relies on collective repositories and recent advances on the systematization of intelligence extracted from multiple anti-virus vendors. We find that since its infancy in 2010, the Android malware ecosystem has changed significantly, both in the type of malicious activity performed by malware and in the level of obfuscation used to avoid detection. Finally, we discuss what our findings mean for Android malware detection research, highlighting areas that need further attention by the research community. In particular, we show that riders of malware families evolve over time. This evidences important experimental bias in research works levering on automated systems for family identification without considering variants.

Biocultural innovation in the Colombian Pacific Coast: Limits and potentialities for autonomous well-being

Biocultural approaches have consolidated as a hybrid study area and advocacy from academia and social movements. Within this conceptual framework, biocultural innovation emerges as new ways of doing things based on diverse knowledge production (including the traditional), created landscapes, cultural and spiritual values, and customary norms. These processes translate into new knowledge, resources, capacities, and practices applied in the relationship with a territory. This paper aims to explore the possibilities of Biocultural Innovation (BI) in communities living in rural coastal environments, particularly on the Colombian Pacific Coast. To this end, we propose four community opportunities related to the biocultural paradigm: (a) community biocultural protocols; (b) nature seen as the subject of rights; (c) communal innovation practices created by grassroots communities; and (d) collective repositories of local knowledge. In conclusion, BI is an emerging research topic by communities and academia as a process to safeguard and foster their knowledge and culture intrinsically related to biodiversity toward autonomous well-being.

Development of postgraduate school’s digital library as a repository of digital collections

The development of information and communication technology offers advantages for library management. The ease of access to the internet makes it easy for us to access the library’s digital collection without any time and space limitations. Currently, many digital libraries have been developed in various universities to complement the existence of conventional libraries. This digital library’s presence can be a solution for traditional libraries to overcome existing limitations and constraints. This current study discusses how Universitas Negeri Semarang’s postgraduate school digital library is developed. The waterfall method and was used to guide systems development. This paper outlines how the digital library is used to give a portrait to the users of some features offered.

Material culture and consumption in the early modern era ed. by Julia A. Schmidt-Funke

Reviewed by: Materielle Kultur und Konsum in der Frühen Neuzeit [Material culture and consumption in the early modern era] ed. by Julia A. Schmidt-Funke Reinhold Reith (bio) Materielle Kultur und Konsum in der Frühen Neuzeit [Material culture and consumption in the early modern era] Edited by Julia A. Schmidt-Funke. Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. Pp. 298. Materielle Kultur und Konsum in der Frühen Neuzeit [Material culture and consumption in the early modern era] Edited by Julia A. Schmidt-Funke. Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. Pp. 298. This collection of papers, originating from the working group Material Culture and Consumption in Premodernity, focuses on the cultural history of things, in other words, an inquiry into material culture of early modern times. The study of objects in society is currently en vogue, the editor contends, and the gap between the research fields of material culture (seen from the cultural perspective) and consumption (from that of economics) is closing. The introduction to the volume provides a survey of the principal approaches taken by research and ends with the question of whether it is possible to attach a specific characteristic material culture, or a distinctive signature, to the early modern era—one that leaves behind the prevalent historical narratives of modernization. The editor outlines consumer demand for non-European goods from the Americas and Asia, and in examining a look at objects of everyday life, asks whether research has succumbed to the lure of luxury. The contributions to this volume are divided into five promising—albeit rather vague—pairs of concepts. Under "materials and makes," Andrea Caracausi's article examines one early-modern European commodity: silk ribbon and its production, trade, and consumption in Italy. In the article that she contributed to the collection, Julia A. Schmidt-Funke chooses a museum artefact, a painted faïence jug, which she evaluates as a hybrid artefact owing to the European borrowings of Asian motifs and as a unique serial piece with an identification of the manufacturer. Under the conceptual pair "forms of consumption and manners of usage," Elizabeth Harding writes on "spoon cultures," focusing on the instrumental and symbolic use of a piece of cutlery. Janine Maegraith reconstructs meat consumption within two different contexts and periods, referring [End Page 595] to a telling diary from the Thirty Years War. Under "aptitudes and demands" Caroline Cremer shows that "miniaturizations," the artful reduction of life to small scale with tiny objects, were both a fascination and a challenge. Filigree models and miniature paintings required concentration and body control, not only in their making but also in their reception. Christiane Holm devotes her attention to the drug table in the educational Francke Foundations at Halle. Her object history focuses not on the collection (the ergon) but on the collection repository (the parergon), which furnishes concrete situations for perception and cognition. Within "relations and motions," Michael Wenzel treats the biography of an object, a carved onyx Mantuan anointment vial, with an extensive documentary trace of its long odyssey as a work of art from Mantua within the context of war and plunderage. Under "knowledge and perceptions," Berit Wagner discusses Titian's Death of Actaeon from the point of view of art history, offering an alchemical interpretation of the work, which he views as evidence of the "material turn" of sixteenth-century painting. Finally, Kim Siebenhüner shows how astonishment and knowledge about foreign wares led to systematization of knowledge and the development of merchandise studies. Altogether, this volume presents a variety of topics, some of which break from the volume's aim, choosing instructive analysis of individual objects over systemic comparison. Important older studies and disciplines such as object-oriented ethnology, or "Sachvolkskunde," are not reviewed. Although the main interest of ethnology continues to lie in modernity, the papers on the treatment of things are inspiring—for example, the studies by Edit Fél and Tamás Hofer on "Sachuniversum," the universe of objects, and their reuse and further exploitation, as is characteristic of the early modern era. Despite the volume's call for interdisciplinarity, approaches in the history of technology are barely received. Having long since abandoned its fixation on manufacturing and production, the...

Biobanking in the digital pathology era.

Digital Pathology is becoming more and more important to achieve the goal of precision medicine. Advances in whole-slide imaging, software integration, and the accessibility of storage solutions have changed the pathologists' clinical practice, not only in terms of laboratory workflow but also for diagnosis and biomarkers analysis. In parallel with the pathology setting advancement, translational medicine is approaching the unprecedented opportunities unrevealed by artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, the increased usage of biobanks' datasets in research provided new challenges for AI applications, such as advanced algorithms, and computer-aided techniques. In this scenario, machine learning-based approaches are being propose in order to improve biobanks from biospecimens collection repositories to computational datasets. To date, evidence on how to implement digital biobanks in translational medicine is still lacking. This viewpoint article summarizes the currently available literature that supports the biobanks' role in the digital pathology era, and to provide possible practical applications of digital biobanks.

Investigating Animal Remains in Estonia

In Estonia, faunal remains have been an important part of archaeological material since the 19th century. During the 20th century, the interest in faunal history was rather volatile, but gained some stability during the 1990s. Since then, zooarchaeology in Estonia has developed substantially, focusing on a variety of topics. Together with methods from traditional zooarchaeology, interdisciplinary methods like the studies of ancient DNA and stable isotopes are increasingly used. However, despite the growing understanding of the importance of faunal remains in archaeological and historical research, there are still problems with collecting animal remains during the fieldwork and documenting and organising them. On the other hand, interest in scientific methods and destructive sampling of the osseous remains have become increasingly popular in science projects and international collaboration. In order to use osteological collections reasonably and ethically, proper systemisation is essential.In Estonia, there are two research centres for zooarchaeology, where scientific collections are administered – Tallinn University and the University of Tartu. Tallinn collections comprise material mostly from the northern part of the country, plus an extensive reference collection for fish has been developed there. In Tartu, mostly material from southern Estonia is managed, together with continuously expanding reference collection of mammals and birds. To improve the gathering and management of the osteological material in Estonia and reduce the shortage for storage space, a new central repository for osteological collections (both human and animal) was established in 2019. Concurrently, a new central database for the osteological data was created.In this paper, we introduce the zooarchaeological collections and some of the latest research topics in Estonia with an aim to broaden the understanding and potential of zooarchaeology in the Baltic region.