Collection Ratio Research Articles

Smart dunning to improve collection ratio in internet service provider using C4.5 algorithm

Collection Ratio (CR) is the ratio between the total payments of all customers to the total invoice in the current month. CR is also act as performance indicator of the payment collection division for internet service companies. One method that currently used to improve CR is dunning, namely providing customer with information about the bills with various communication methods including visiting the customer’s address. Large number of customers and limited number of collectors are the major obstacle in the dunning process. We propose a classification method to predict potential delinquent customers, so that the expected accuracy of dunning increases, which in turn increases the company’s collection ratio. We use the decision tree method with the C4.5 algorithm on the historical data from one internet service provider customers in the Riau Islands province, Indonesia. The classification process produces a decision tree with 5, 885 leaves and 6, 765 tree size. The decision tree then evaluated with 10-folds cross validation that resulting in 78.54 percent accuracy, 0.738 precision, and 0.785 recall. The decision tree has been applied to the dunning process of the company.

Analyzing the Verbal Questions Included in 11<sup>th</sup> Grade Textbook of New Palestinian Curriculum in Light of Aims and Purposes of Teaching Mathematics

This study aimed analyze the verbal questions 11th grade textbook of the new Palestinian curriculum in light of the aims and purposes of teaching mathematics. The study used the qualitative approach and quantitative analytical method. The sample was a complete sample that included all verbal issues in the mathematics textbooks for 11th grade textbook of the new Palestinian curriculum. It included (50) verbal questions in the first book, (60) verbal questions in the second book. The study used a content analysis as the main tool of study. It was prepared in light of the aims and purposes of teaching mathematics, which were monitored in the final form (10) general targets, (5) aims, and (5) purposes. After the analysis and coding and the collection of ratios, frequencies and grades, the results showed that the percentage of inclusion of the aims in general was in the first book (75%) and in the second book was slightly higher and reached (80%), and the proportion of the purposes included in general In the first book (60%), in the second book it was slightly lower and reached (57%), which is a medium and a small percentage. For each aim, the general aim was to unleash the potential of the students and develop their preparations and tendencies is the first rank in the first book by including (88%), which was taken in the second book the second rank by including (95%), and the first purpose in the first book was to acquire the basic skills associated with language and symbols by including (84%), which was taken in the second book the first rank too, is also the highest at all by including (98%), and in both books, the general target of understanding the correlation between mathematics and modern technological communication was ranked at the final level by including (12%) in the first book and (0%) in the second book,, and that there are significant differences at the level (α=0.05) in the level of inclusion of the aims and purposes of teaching mathematics in the verbal questions of the first-grade secondary scientific book of the new Palestinian curriculum between the first and second books in favor of the second book.

Discovering the optimal set of ratios to use in accounting-based models

Ratios are the prime tool of financial analysis. In predictive modelling tasks, however, the use of ratios raises difficulties, the most obvious being that, in a multivariate setting, there is no guarantee that the collection of ratios eventually selected as predictors will be optimal in any sense. Using, as starting-point, a formal characterisation of cross-sectional accounting numbers, the paper shows how the multilayer perceptron can be trained to create internal representations which are an optimal set of ratios for a given modelling task. Experiments suggest that, when such ratios are utilised as predictors in well-known modelling tasks, performance improves on that reported by the extant literature.

Comparison of “Amicus and COBE Spectra” for autologous peripheral blood stem cell harvest: An Indian experience

Background: Adequate collection of peripheral stem cells from the patients depends on the disease condition, efficient mobilization and the equipment used for PBSC harvest. COBE Spectra has been the major platform for collecting these PBSC for more than 2 decades. Now with introduction of PBSC harvest option with Amicus cell separators (which was used primarily for plateletpheresis) in India, it is worth while comparing both the platforms for stem cells collections. Materials and Methods: Our study is a retrospective analysis of autologous PBSC harvest procedures done at our centre. The study included the data of autologous PBSC collections from January 2015 to June 2016. Total 61 patients underwent 85 autologous PBSC harvests for both haematological and non haematological indications. Results: Out 61 patients, 40 patients collected their target number of cell in a single harvest, 18 patient required dual harvests and 3 patients required three consecutive days of harvest. Pre-Apheresis WBC, platelets and CD45/CD34 cell counts were comparable. COBE Spectra collects significantly higher product volume and higher number of platelets in the apheresis product. Whereas WBC counts of the product, total CD45/CD34 cell dose and collection efficiency (CE2) and collection ratio (CR) were comparable on both the platforms. Conclusions: Amicus took more time to harvest the anticipated number of cells in the graft as well as COBE Spectra resulted in higher platelets loss during the process of cell collection. Our analysis is first of its kind from Indian subcontinent and indicates that with gradual phasing out of COBE spectra from the market Amicus offers a comparative platform for PBSC harvest.

Ion extraction and collection studied by parallel electrode method on considerin g sputtering loss

One-dimensional ion extraction and collection is studied by parallel electrode method using particle in cell_Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) simulation. The e nergy and angle distribution of extracted ions is recorded and the sputtering lo ss is calculated. The results show that the extraction time and collision loss a re decreased by increasing extraction voltage, but the sputtering loss increases and collection ratio decreases. The extraction time is decreased and the collec tion ratio is increased by increasing electron temperature, while the extraction time is increased and the collection ratio is decreased by increasing initializ ed plasma density;and the collision loss is decreased and the collection ratio i s increased, if the target isotope concentration is higher. Improving the parall el electrode method leads to decreasing sputtering loss and increasing collectio n ratio greatly.

Ions extraction and collection using the RF resonance method and taking into consideration the sputtering loss

One_dimensional ions extraction and collection using the RF resonance method is studied by PIC-MCC simulation. The energy and angle distribution of extracted ions is recorded and the sputtering loss is calculated. The results show that compared with parallel electrode method, RF resonance method has advantages such as shorter extraction time, lower collision loss and sputtering loss and higher col lection ratio; the extraction time and collision loss are decreased with increas ing extraction voltage, but the sputtering loss increases and collection ratio d ecreases; collision loss is decreased with increasing magnetic field, but the sp uttering loss increases and collection ratio decreases.

Two approaches to tuning and pitch systems

This paper attempts to sort out some distinctions important to the understanding of tuning and pitch systems. Two different approaches are distinguished, the acoustic approach and the structural approach. In the acoustic approach, intervals are defined as whole‐number ratios, and a pitch system considered as a collection of ratios, some interrelated, some incommensurable. On the structural approach, the system is taken as prior to the intervals that compose it; intervals, then, become elements in a system with properties at least partially determined by the system. In the acoustic approach, what the intervals are and how they are tuned amount to the same thing, so it makes no sense to distinguish between a pitch system and a tuning scheme. But the structural approach distinguishes sharply between the pitch system as an abstract template or structure, and a tuning scheme as a strategy for mapping the template to specific frequency relations. Acoustic and structural views of tonality and microtonality will be presented, including examples of pitch systems constructed on both approaches. The present terminology will be applied to diverse instances of musical thought and practice, and implications of the two approaches for future evolution of pitch systems will be discussed.