Collection Path Research Articles

Fused-fiber-photometry based on a low-autofluorescence wideband multimode circulator

Analysis of fluorescent signals in biological samples is widely used in the fields of life science and medicine and can be achieved through conceptually distinct approaches. Here, we report the use of a wideband multimode circulator (WMC), a three-port optical fused-fiber device with an asymmetrical structure specifically designed to ensure efficient light transmission in both illumination and collection paths. It features a flat spectral response and is ideally suited for simultaneous excitation and detection of fluorescence in biological tissue. The WMC used in this work was further improved by minimizing its inherent background autofluorescence. Using the WMC, we demonstrate improved fluorescence detection against already existing fiber-based approaches. Finally, we utilize the WMC to establish fiber photometry recordings in vivo to infer neuronal activity in a small neuromodulatory nucleus in the brainstem of an awake mouse.

Collective molecular-scale carbonation path in aqueous solutions with sufficient structural sampling: From CO2 to CaCO3.

The carbonation reaction is essential in the global carbon cycle and in the carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. In oceans (pH 8.1) or in synthetic materials such as cement or geopolymers (pH over 12), the basic pH conditions affect the reaction rate of carbonation. However, the precipitation of calcium or magnesium carbonates acidifies the environment and, therefore, limits further CO2 capture. Here, we investigate how pH influences carbonation pathways in neutral and basic solutions at the atomic scale using reactive molecular simulations coupled with enhanced sampling methods from CO2 to calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Two distinct CO2 conversion pathways are identified: (1) CO2 hydration: CO2+H2O⇌H2CO3⇌HCO3-+H+⇌CO32-+2H+ and (2) CO2 hydroxylation: CO2+OH-⇌HCO3-⇌CO32-+H+. The CO2 hydration pathway occurs in both neutral and basic aqueous solutions, but reactions differ significantly between the two pH conditions. The formation of the CO32- is characterized by a markedly high free energy barrier in the neutral solution. The CO2 hydroxylation pathway is only found in basic solutions. Notably, the CO2 molecule exhibits a pronounced energetic preference for reacting with hydroxide ions (OH-) rather than with water molecules, resulting in significantly reduced free energy barriers along the CO2 hydroxylation pathway. The reaction rate estimation suggests that the CO2 hydroxylation path is the most favorable carbonation pathway in the basic solution. Once the CO32- anion is formed in the presence of alkali-earth (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) cations, carbonate formation can proceed.

The Future as a Cultural Commons: Grammars of Commonality in Crisis‐Ridden Wilhelmsburg

In this article, I analyze how vulnerable yet resistant urban residents set out to “common” a particular phenomenon: the future. The scene in analysis is Wilhelmsburg, the southern section of the German city of Hamburg. Plagued by industrial pollution, infrastructural decay, and systemic poverty, Wilhelmsburg’s residents united themselves around the 2000s in an organization called Future Wilhelmsburg. Their goal? To get out of the crisis by commoning Wilhelmsburg’s future. Future Wilhelmsburg has engaged ever since in a continuous struggle—writing, blogging, researching, advocating, and protesting—to subject the neighborhood’s future to the wishes of its residents rather than to the top‐down projections of the urban governmental elite. The future of Wilhelmsburg is thus approached as a “cultural commons”: a symbolic construct that is collectively produced yet intrinsically vulnerable to enclosure. Against this background, I set out to sociologically explain Future Wilhelmsburg’s commoning of the future. How is it, precisely, that the activists united in Future Wilhelmsburg manage to turn the “not yet” into a meaningful matter of common concern? Laurent Thévenot’s “pragmatic sociology,” and more precisely his model of the three “grammars of commonality”—referring to the structuring principles through which social actors turn individual concerns into collective ones—allows us to answer this question. The article highlights how the “justificatory grammar" (structuring activists’ public argumentations), the “liberal grammar” (structuring their pinpointing of collective paths forward), and the “affective grammar” (structuring their affinity to place) all permeate the work of Future Wilhelmsburg as it sets out to turn the future into a cultural commons.

Detection and mitigation of vampire attacks with secure routing in WSN using weighted RNN and optimal path selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), one of the most significant threats is vampire attacks in sensor nodes. These attacks are marked by malicious behaviors within sensor nodes, often exploiting vulnerabilities inherent in routing protocols. These attacks can disrupt the connectivity of the network and significantly impact the energy resources. However, these intermediate nodes can introduce security vulnerabilities, making network security in WSN is challenging task. To address this issue, a novel deep learning-based vampire attack detection model is proposed. The developed deep learning-based vampire attack detection model is performed by following steps like data collection, attack detection, mitigation, and optimal path selection. Initially, the data attributes for all sensor nodes in the WSN system are collected. Further, the vampire attack detection is carried out by a Weighted Recurrent Neural Network (WRNN), here the weight values are optimized using Enhanced Golf Optimization Algorithm (EGOA). The detected vampire nodes are effectively separated based on different characteristics of nodes like node broadcast count, node energy, and node Packet Received Ratio (PRR). The attack mitigation process is executed by the separation of the vampire nodes from the network, the remaining nodes are considered for the routing process. The optimal paths are chosen by the proposed EGOA. Finally, the result of the suggested vampire attack detection model is compared with the conventional techniques in terms of various evaluation indices.

A review of the ethical considerations for the use of 3D printed materials in medical and allied health education and a proposed collective path forward.

3D scanning and printing technologies are quickly evolving and offer great potential for use in gross anatomical education. The use of human body donors to create digital scans and 3D printed models raises ethical concerns about donor informed consent, potential commodification, and access to and storage of potentially identifiable anatomical reproductions. This paper reviews available literature describing ethical implications for the application of these emerging technologies, existing published best practices for managing and sharing 2D imaging, and current adherence to these best practices by academic body donation programs. We conclude that informed consent is paramount for all uses of human donor and human donor-derived materials and that currently there is considerable diversity in adherence to established best practices for the management and sharing of 3D digital content derived from human donors. We propose a new and simplified framework for categorizing donor-derived teaching materials and the corresponding level of consent required for digital sharing. This framework proposes an equivalent minimum level of specific consent for human donor and human donor-derived materials relative to generalized, nonidentical teaching materials (i.e., artificial plastic models). Likewise, we propose that the collective path forward should involve the creation of a centralized, secure repository for digital human donor 3D content as a mechanism for accumulating, regulating, and controlling the distribution of properly consented human donor-derived 3D digital content that will also increase the availability of ethically created human-derived teaching materials while discouraging commodification.

Caught in the Act of Substitution: Interadsorbate Effects on an Atomically Precise Fe/Co/Se Nanocluster.

Directing groups guide substitution patterns in organic synthetic schemes, but little is known about pathways to control reactivity patterns, such as regioselectivity, in complex inorganic systems such as bioinorganic cofactors or extended surfaces. Interadsorbate effects are known to encode surface reactivity patterns in inorganic materials, modulating the location and binding strength of ligands. However, owing to limited experimental resolution into complex inorganic structures, there is little opportunity to resolve these effects on the atomic scale. Here, we utilize an atomically precise Fe/Co/Se nanocluster platform, [Fe3(L)2Co6Se8L'6]+ ([1(L)2]+; L = CN t Bu, THF; L' = Ph2PN(-)Tol), in which allosteric interadsorbate effects give rise to pronounced site-differentiation. Using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, we discover that coordination of THF at the ligand-free Fe site in [1(CN t Bu)2]+ sets off a domino effect wherein allosteric through-cluster interactions promote the regioselective dissociation of CN t Bu at a neighboring Fe site. Computational analysis reveals that this active site correlation is a result of delocalized Fe···Se···Co···Se covalent interactions that intertwine edge sites on the same cluster face. This study provides an unprecedented atom-scale glimpse into how interfacial metal-support interactions mediate a collective and regiospecific path for substrate exchange across multiple active sites.

«Normality was the problem!» Femminismi e Commoning nella riproduzione sociale della città

The research is part of the intense relationship between feminisms and commoning, with the general aim of reflecting on the real and potential role of women in the experiences of mutualism that nourish forms of collective life and paths of re-appropriation of spaces, practices and rights in urban scenarios. A gendered vision is consistent with the theoretical foundations of commoning, a phenomenon perceived as an alternative to individualism and capitalist isolation, insofar as it is capable of giving voice to a new debate on a fairer and more effective management of resources and spaces. Through a critical reading of the literature on social reproduction, a vision of common reproduction is proposed with the ultimate aim of contributing to the debate on the need to generate new theories and urban models more consistent with current social challenges.

RETRACTED: Multifactor optimized mobile sink data collection framework for hybrid wireless sensor network‐long term evolution‐assisted Internet of Things network

SummaryThe wireless sensor network‐assisted Internet of Things convergence has diverse applications. In most applications, the sensors are battery‐powered, and it is necessary to use the energy judiciously to extend their functional duration effectively. Mobile sinks‐based data collection is used to extend the lifespan of these networks. However, providing a scalable and effective solution with consideration for multicriteria factors of quality of service and lifetime maximization is still a challenge. This work addresses this problem with a hybrid wireless sensor network with long‐term evolution‐assisted architecture. The issue of maximizing lifetime and providing multifactor quality of service is solved as a two‐stage optimization problem involving clustering and data collection path scheduling. Hybrid meta‐heuristics is used to solve the clustering optimization problem. Minimal Steiner tree‐based graph theory is applied to schedule the data collection path for sinks. Unlike existing works, the lifetime maximization without QoS degradation is addressed by hybridizing multiple approaches of multicriteria optimal clustering, optimal path scheduling, and network adaptive traffic class‐based data scheduling. This hybridization extends the network's lifespan and improves the QoS regarding packet transmission within the proposed solution. Through simulation analysis, the introduced approach yields a noteworthy increase of at least 6% and reduces packet delivery delay by 26% compared with existing methodologies.

Preface

The 2nd International Conference on Biodiversity and Sustainable Development 2023 - “Forging a collective and resilient path towards sustainable development for all life,” organized by the Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, was a program based on seminars/ lectures that involved Educational Institutions Public Higher Education from within and outside the country, as well as research and industry agencies that were directly involved in research work based on biodiversity and sustainable development, whether in the field of natural science, architecture, or engineering and technology.This program also aimed to improve collaboration between researchers (staff and students), UiTM with participants from all over the world, as well as with research agencies inside and outside the country. The conference was the first initiative of the newly established institute to fuel the spirit of knowledge sharing among researchers and subsequently produce indexed publications.Through this program, participants were exposed to papers where the presentation of these papers could expand and produce expert energy, especially in the field of sustainable development, who were able to realize something new with more innovation.Lastly, we would like to give a big applause and thanks to all the authors for their presentations and papers. Their contributions have generously contributed to the intellectual exchange of useful information, idea and knowledge that is so vital towards tackling the challenges the world facing now.The Editorial TeamIBIOSDG 2023List of Committee, Conference Information are availabel in this Pdf.

Linking industrial culture and human agency in three (post)industrial towns: Collective and individual agency shaping development paths

The aim of this article is to better understand the relationship between industrial culture and human agency and how it influences development outcomes. The study is set in the geographical context of three small and old industrial towns, where traditional industrial practices are embedded in the material and institutional environment and people's behaviours that form a distinctive industrial culture. Conceptually, we use a relational perspective to investigate the dialectic between human agency and industrial culture: we examine how industrial culture can guide human agency–through motivation, legitimation, or specific behaviour; and how human agency reshapes industrial culture through its actions–destruction, modification, maintenance of cultural assets. The results show that a strong industrial culture implies a more reproductive type of agency and a pronounced collective behaviour of actors, aiming at a more incremental development that reflects the existing place-based culture. In the case where industrial culture is thinner, new development relied on individual agents completely altering development paths. Our research places particular emphasis on collective assets and collective agency in the context of smaller towns with strong industrial culture and their ability to influence the direction of future development. In addition, we emphasise the simultaneous role of (individual) change and (collective) reproductive/maintenance agency, which can lead to stable development without major disruptions to the institutional or cultural context. Our findings are important for understanding small industrial communities and how the collective aspects of industrial culture require that new development initiatives are aligned with industrial traditions and place-based culture.

Optimal Data Collection Path Finding for AUV in Internet of Underwater Things

Optimal Data Collection Path Finding for AUV in Internet of Underwater Things

Multi-factor optimized mobile sink data collection framework for hybrid WSN-LTE assisted IoT network

The convergence of wireless sensor network-assisted Internet of Things has diverse applications. In most applications, the sensors are battery-powered, and it is necessary to use the energy judiciously to extend their functional duration effectively. Mobile sinks-based data collection is used to extend the lifespan of these networks. But providing a scalable and effective solution with consideration for multi-criteria factors of quality of service and lifetime maximization is still a challenge. This work addresses this problem with a hybrid wireless sensor network-Long term evolution assisted architecture. The problem of maximizing lifetime and providing multi-factor quality of service is solved as a two-stage optimization problem involving clustering and data collection path scheduling. Hybrid meta-heuristics is used to solve the clustering optimization problem. Minimal Steiner tree-based graph theory is applied to schedule the data collection path for sinks. Unlike existing works, the lifetime maximization without QoS degradation is addressed by hybridizing multiple approaches of multi-criteria optimal clustering, optimal path scheduling, and network adaptive traffic class-based data scheduling. This hybridization helps to extend the lifetime and enhance the QoS regarding packet delivery within the proposed solution. Through simulation analysis, the introduced approach yields a noteworthy increase of at least 6% and reduces packet delivery delay by 26% compared to existing methodologies.

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION ROUTING OPTIMIZATION BASED ON IAC-SFLA

In order to realize the efficient collection and low-carbon transport of municipal garbage and accelerate the realize the “dual-carbon” goal for urban transport system, based on the modeling and solving method of vehicle routing problem, the municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and transport routing optimization of an Improved Ant Colony-Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (IAC-SFLA) is proposed. In this study, IAC-SFLA routing Optimization model with the goal of optimization collection distance, average loading rate, number of collections, and average number of stations is constructed. Based on the example data of garbage collection and transport in southern Baohe District, the comparative analysis with single-vehicle models, multiple-vehicle models, and basic ant colony algorithms. The multi-vehicle model of collection and transportation is superior to the single-vehicle model and the improved ant colony algorithm yields a total collection distance that is 19.76 km shorter and an average loading rate that rises by 4.15% from 93.95% to 98.1%. Finally, the improved ant colony algorithm solves for the domestic waste collection and transportation path planning problem in the north district of Baohe. Thus, the effectiveness and application of the proposed algorithm is verified. The research result can provide reference for vehicle routing in the actual collection and transport process, improve collection and transport efficiency, and achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Improving Broadcast System of Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Network-based on Enhanced Ant colony Optimization

With the use of seamless high-speed worldwide network connectivity in future, it is anticipated that the integrated satellite-terrestrial network (ISTN) will be a possible option. Due to the inadequacy of topological data and the close coupling of data and control planes, deploying optimized rules on routers is difficult. The important factors in ISTN networks are routing rules and policies, link failure, and high-bandwidth communication. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an open innovation approach that enables programmability from a central location. The controller handles the complexity of the network, whereas the infrastructure layer devices relay the packets. Thus, we investigated the broadcast by dynamically adjusting routes for fault tolerance and energy efficiency of the ISTN using distance between nodes. In addition, using dynamic source routing, this study examines the competence functions of all managing nodes in a network. The routing design is distributed among all nodes to create numerous collective paths. For LEO satellite networks, the ant colony optimization-based routing algorithm is an improved version that considers the probability of faults and low-energy consumption. The proposed simulation ensures a seamless transition in the event of failures and avoids the requirement for an additional coordination service.

(RE)VISÃO DAS CAPACIDADES DINÂMICAS: ORIGENS E DESDOBRAMENTOS FUTUROS

ABSTRACT This paper aims to map out how the field of dynamic capabilities has developed since the seminal studies by Teece et al. (1997) and Eisenhardt and Martin (2000). We identified 10,838 papers and used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm for topic modeling. We conducted two analyses: the first was based on the temporality and characteristics of the studies; the second was interpretative and based on the network of theoretical concepts. Results indicate an approximation between the ideas of the two seminal studies, which were initially viewed as opposite. We observe a movement to value relational issues, following a collective construction path, and paying less attention to the firm itself. Overall, we were able to understand the consolidation of the dynamic capabilities field; understand the core elements involved in the development of dynamic capabilities; set out the original and current concepts of dynamic capabilities; and indicate tendencies and a possible future research agenda.

Building on Scholarly Excellence to Forge a Responsible and Collective Path Forward

Building on Scholarly Excellence to Forge a Responsible and Collective Path Forward

Optimising unplanned waste collection: An IoT‐enabled system for smart cities, a case study in Tangier, Morocco

AbstractAn innovative approach to the collection of unplanned municipal waste through the integration of an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled system in urban settings is presented. Despite significant strides in waste management optimisation, traditional systems have largely overlooked the management of occasional or seasonal waste such as green waste, wild dump, and construction debris. The authors seek to address this gap by deploying an IoT‐enabled system to optimise resource utilisation and efficiency. Building on existing infrastructures for real‐time tracking of waste collection circuits, equipment, and bin filling levels, the system incorporates an additional module to manage unpredictable waste categories. The system collects field data leveraging existing resources with minimal investment. To manage the sporadic nature of these waste types, the system employs a flexible approach with the use of sensors and algorithms for dynamic route planning and waste collection. Using the city of Tangier, Morocco, as a case study, a comprehensive methodology for waste location capture, GIS mapping, priority‐based route identification, scenario testing, and operational cost estimation is implemented. A modified version of the Contraction Hierarchies algorithm is applied to compute optimal waste collection paths, ensuring timely and efficient waste removal while minimising environmental impact. The findings from this research promise significant implications for municipal waste collection, particularly in developing countries, opening new possibilities for sustainable waste management practices in smart cities.

Why Fight? The Combatant Careers of the Anti‐Kyiv Fighters in the Donbas War1

Based on original qualitative data on the mobilization of anti‐Kyiv combatants during the war in eastern Ukraine (started in 2014), this article suggests an approach for understanding the spontaneous mobilization of nonstate armed groups during contemporary military conflicts. This approach is based on the notion of career as a collective path of mobilization unfolding over time. It explains how different mobilization factors usually proposed in the literature on contemporary civil wars acquire their mobilization power. The article identifies five combatant careers leading to joining the anti‐Kyiv armed groups: evolving localists, disrupted outcasts, nationalist warriors, adventurous ideologues, and inspired sympathizers. It demonstrates that (1) mobilization requires the combination of factors such as economic incentives, ideological affinity, social connections, and conflict dynamics in a particularly sequenced way, (2) this combination is different for each career path, and (3) these factors acquire their mobilizing capacity only in the context of particular social trajectories.

An ITO-Free Kesterite Solar Cell.

Photovoltaic thin film solar cells based on kesterite Cu2 ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) have reached 13.8% sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency. However, this efficiency is still far from the Shockley-Queisser radiative limit and is hindered by the significant deficit in open circuit voltage (VOC ). The presence of high-density interface states between the absorber layer and buffer or window layer leads to the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby reducing effective carrier collection. To tackle this issue, a new window structure ZnO/AgNW/ZnO/AgNW (ZAZA) comprising layers of ZnO and silver nanowires (AgNWs) is proposed. This structure offers a simple and low-damage processing method, resulting in improved optoelectronic properties and junction quality. The ZAZA-based devices exhibit enhanced VOC due to the higher built-in voltage (Vbi ) and reduced interface recombination compared to the usual indium tin oxide (ITO) based structures. Additionally, improved carrier collection is demonstrated as a result of the shortened collection paths and the more uniform carrier lifetime distribution. These advances enable the fabrication of the first ITO-free CZTSSe solar cells with over 10% efficiency without an anti-reflectivecoating.

Cavity-enhanced excitation of a quantum dot in the picosecond regime

A major challenge in generating single photons with a single emitter is to excite the emitter while avoiding laser leakage into the collection path. Ideally, any scheme to suppress this leakage should not result in a loss in the efficiency of the single-photon source. Here, we investigate a scheme in which a single emitter, a semiconductor quantum dot, is embedded in a microcavity. The scheme exploits the splitting of the cavity mode into two orthogonally-polarised modes: one mode is used for excitation, the other for collection. By linking the experiment to theory, we show that the best population inversion is achieved with a laser pulse detuned from the quantum emitter. The Rabi oscillations exhibit an unusual dependence on pulse power. Our theory describes them quantitatively, enabling us to determine the absolute population inversion. By comparing the experimental results with our theoretical model, we determine a population inversion of for optimal laser detuning. The Rabi oscillations depend on the sign of the laser-pulse detuning, a phenomenon arising from the non-trivial effect of phonons on the exciton dynamics. The exciton–phonon interaction is included in the theory and gives excellent agreement with all the experimental results.