Waste Collection Research Articles

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OJIR APPLICATION AT CENTRAL WASTE BANK IN MALANG DISTRICT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD-SCALE ORGANIC WASTE DIVERSIFICATION PROCESSES

The Ojir application, a mobile-based innovation for organic waste management at Central Malang Waste Bank (BCM), provides an effective solution to streamline the collection and management of organic waste. Addressing environmental concerns such as food scraps, dry leaves, and fruits, the application responds to Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) data indicating that approximately 61.50% of total waste is organic, necessitating efficient management to reduce waste volume. Established in 2016, BCM faced challenges in manual data management and limited organic waste search capabilities. To address these issues, Ojir was introduced to modernize the organic waste management system. This innovation surpasses traditional waste management by incorporating a process of diversifying organic waste into maggot raw material. Beyond resolving existing waste bank issues, Ojir enhances management efficiency, allowing users to easily track and manage organic waste with increased accuracy. Consequently, the paradigm of organic waste management shifts towards modernity, effectiveness, and efficiency. Aligned with efforts to create a clean and sustainable environment, Ojir represents an innovative step in reinforcing the role of waste banks in handling organic waste in the technological era. The incorporation of the maggot raw material process further exemplifies the forward-thinking approach in sustainable waste management

Экологические проекты инициативного бюджетирования

Ecological projects of initiative budgeting are considered in the article as a form of involving citizens in the ecological agenda. The classification of ecological projects initiated by citizens was compiled by the authors. These are projects of organizing the collection of solid waste and garbage, projects in the field of fire safety, projects to provide settlements with clean drinking water. Based on the database of the All-Russian contest of the best projects of initiative budgeting, numerical indicators on the implementation of ecological projects (number, cost, beneficiaries) were selected. The foreign experience of involving citizens in the environmental agenda – green participatory budgeting – was presented. The unique experience of involving schoolchildren and youth in climate and environmental issues in some foreign countries was described. A review of Russian initiative projects in the field of ecology was carried out. It is concluded that there is the emergence of a trend to involve citizens in the ecological agenda. Initiative budgeting projects serve as indicators of the actual requests and needs of citizens. It is also noted that it is reasonable to use the database of the All-Russian competition of initiative budgeting projects as a unique information resource about the practices of civic engagement.

Public-private partnership in municipal solid waste management in the Sunyani municipality of Ghana

Purpose Poor municipal solid waste management is a major characteristic of urban development in Africa. In Ghana, local governments are mandated to ensure the collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste. However, this has been a herculean task for local governments in Ghana, owing to inadequate resources and weak technical capacities. This has prompted calls for, and actual involvement of the private sector through public-private partnerships (PPPs) in municipal solid waste management, particularly in the urban areas. This study aims to assess the roles, effectiveness and challenges of PPPs in urban waste management in the Sunyani municipality of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a case study design, the study used a qualitative research approach to provide in-depth insights into PPPs in municipal solid waste management in the Sunyani municipality of Ghana. Therefore, key informant interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted. Findings The study revealed that some policies and actions of the local government (Assembly) do not positively facilitate the effective functioning of PPPs in municipal solid waste management. There is also lack of effective stakeholder consultation, collaboration and grassroot inclusion in the PPPs which affect the effective management of the increasing volumes of solid waste being generated within the municipality. Practical implications To achieve the objectives of the PPP arrangements, local authorities should initiate steps to effectively coordinate all the involved private companies. There must also be ways of involving the beneficiaries in the design and implementation of PPPs on waste management to allow for effective grassroots and participatory monitoring and evaluation. Originality/value The uniqueness of the case study being a mid-sized and secondary city in a developing country enhances the value of the findings and the application of recommendations in cities with similar characteristics and initiatives in improving PPPs in municipal waste management.

State of the Art in Textile Waste Management: A Review

Textile waste constitutes a significant fraction of municipal solid waste sent to landfill or incinerated. Its innovative management is important to enhance sustainability and circularity. This review aims to present the latest policies and the state-of-the-art technologies in the collection, sorting and recycling of textile waste. Policies at global and regional levels are increasingly made to address the sustainability of the textile industry and integrate the concept of circular economy. They are crucial to driving changes and innovations in current textile waste management. The Internet of Things, big data, blockchain and smart contracts have been proposed to improve transparency, traceability and accountability in the textile waste collection process. They optimize collection routes, and transactions and agreements among stakeholders. The sorting of textile waste using near-infrared spectroscopy, optical sorting and artificial intelligence enables its separation based on composition, color and quality. The mechanical recycling of textiles regenerates fibers with the same or different applications from those of the original fabrics. Fibers have been used for making building and slope protection materials. Chemical recycling depolymerizes waste textiles using chemicals to produce monomers for new textiles or other materials, while biological recycling uses enzymes and microorganisms for this purpose instead of chemicals. Thermal recycling recovers energy and fuels from textile waste through pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal liquefaction. These innovations may have the drawbacks of high cost and scalability. This review contributes to decision making by synthesizing the strengths and weaknesses of the innovations in textile waste management.

Developing an Optimization Model for Minimizing Solid Waste Collection Costs

With the increase in population in cities, the number of solid waste to be collected has also increased. Because the garbage collection route must be traveled repeatedly, even minor improvements in these routes can result in a significant increase in fuel usage. Shortening the journey would provide a significant contribution to lowering fuel expenses in all towns, especially given the rising cost of fossil fuels. Furthermore, lowering fuel usage is critical for Turkey to meet its national objectives under the Paris Agreement. The Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, one of the heuristic optimization techniques used to identify the best solutions to complicated problems, is employed to solve the routing problem of solid waste collection vehicles in this study. This method, which was inspired by the metal annealing process, stands out for its ability to avoid regional minima while looking for the optimal solution. The applicant region was selected as the Kosova Neighborhood of Konya's Selçuklu District. The container distances needed for the method to execute were acquired by extracting the coordinates of the containers. Kosova Neighborhood was separated into 7 distinct regions due to the restricted capacity of rubbish collection vans. All regions were analyzed independently, and the best feasible routes were estimated using the SA algorithm approach, and the results were compared to the greedy algorithm findings. The SA algorithm outperformed the greedy algorithm by 26.49%.

Municipal Waste Management in Republic of Srpska: Current and Future Challenges

Waste is a by-product of human activities and living. With the increase in the number of inhabitants, the standard of living and urbanization, the quantities of municipal waste are increasing day by day. Every segment of waste management starting from generation, through collection, storage, transport, treatment and disposal can pose a potential hazard to human health and the environment. Waste management in Republic of Srpska is organized at the regional level. Since only waste disposal is still present in the Republic of Srpska, the regional approach implies that there is a landfill on the territory of one of the local self-government units, where all local self-government units in the region dispose of waste. In addition, waste disposal in illegal and unregulated landfills is still evident. LGUs or utility companies often face a lack of money to organize waste collection, with the result that not all households are covered by waste collection. In recent years, a lot has been invested in infrastructure, such as the filling of containers and containers and the purchase of new or newer used waste collection vehicles. Future directions of improving the waste management system in Republic of Srpska must go in the direction of sustainable waste management, ie waste management in a way to reduce the negative impact on human health and the environment, as well as avoiding leaving this problem to future generations.

Solid Waste Issues: Generation Composition and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in District REWA Madhya Pradesh of India

Solid waste disposal is a significant and pervasive issue in many industrialized and developing nations, including India, in both urban and rural areas. The collection and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the main issues facing the urban environment in the majority of the world’s countries today. Solutions for MSW management need to be technically sound, socially and legally acceptable, environmentally benign, and financially viable. The largest problem facing the authorities of both large and small cities is solid waste management. Conventional landfills, incinerators, composting, and methods of managing solid wastes are typical examples of established technology for disposing of garbage. Anaerobic digestion (AD) and composting have historically been the most widely utilized procedures for the treatment and valuation of the organic part of MSW. The amount of organic solid waste (OSW) produced annually is rising sharply on a global scale. Agricultural waste, home food waste, human and animal wastes, etc. make up the majority of OSWs. Usually, they are burned, disposed of in landfills, or used as animal feed. Rich in proteins, minerals, and carbohydrates, OAWs can be utilized as raw materials or substrates in several processes. There are negative effects on the environment, the economy, and social life as a result of the high rates of organic waste generation and their open disposal in landfills. One of the greener methods for keeping organic contaminants out of landfills is composting. As to the latest statistics of CPCB, India generated approximately 160.03 tons of municipal garbage per day. Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh along with 27 other ULBs generate an average MSW of 340 TPD.

Household solid waste management in a recently established municipality of Bangladesh: Prevailing practices, residents’ perceptions, attitude and awareness

Increasing population, economic activities, and the associated factors put a serious strain on municipal solid waste management in developing nations. We assessed the amount of solid waste generated and elucidated the existing management practices at household level in Mymensingh City Corporation, Bangladesh. We also investigated residents’ perceptions and attitudes on waste management and their awareness on waste-induced health and environmental problems. Data were gathered by a questionnaire survey of 352 households and two key informants’ interviews. The Kruskal-Wallis H and Pearson Chi-Squared tests were used for statistical analysis. Results show that a household generated about 0.62 kg of waste per day of which 99% was organic. Following the door-to-door approach, the city corporation collects unsegregated waste. More than 50% of the households reused fresh food waste as green fertilizer, and either reused or sold paper, metal, and plastic waste. Small, higher-income, and educated households generated higher amounts of organic waste than their counterparts. Respondents were satisfied with the existing door-to-door waste collection system, like to use of bioenergy and organic fertilizer, and were willing to pay for sustainable and eco-friendly waste management. More than 80% of respondents were aware of public health and environmental issues caused by waste mismanagement. The corporation has a plan to establish an energy and compost plant for which we suggest providing incentives for source segregation and designated bins to households. The city planners can take the findings of this study as useful baseline information for planning sustainable municipal solid waste management.

ÇÖP MATERYALİ TOPLAMA VE YANGIN TESPİTİ İÇİN BİR OTONOM ARAÇ TASARIMI VE GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLMESİ

Autonomous vehicles are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of applications, including waste collection and fire detection. In this work, we present the design and implementation of an autonomous vehicle for these tasks in urban environments. The vehicle is equipped with sensors and control algorithms to navigate, detect and collect plastic bottle wastes, and detect fires in real-time. The system uses an off-the-shelf, small-sized, battery-operated vehicle, a simple conveyor belt, and a vision-based, computerized system. Machine learning (ML-) based vision tasks are implemented to direct the vehicle to waste locations and initiate the waste removal process. A fire detection and alarm system are also incorporated, using a camera and machine learning algorithms to detect flames automatically. The vehicle was tested in a simulated urban environment, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness in waste material collection and fire detection. The proposed system has the potential to improve the efficiency and safety of such tasks in urban areas.

Development of Management Systems for Sustainable Municipal Waste Management Systems

Waste Management Systems. are designed to efficiently handle and process waste materials generated by human activities. These systems are crucial for minimizing environmental impacts, promoting sustainability, and protecting throughout its lifecycle, from its generation to its final disposal or recycling. Here is an overview of the key components and processes involved in waste management: Waste Generation: Waste can be generated from various sources, including residential areas, commercial establishments, industries, and construction sites. It encompasses solid waste (such as household waste and packaging materials), liquid waste (such as wastewater and sewage), and hazardous waste (such as chemicals and medical waste). Waste Collection: its source. This involves the placement of collection bins or containers at strategic locations, regular pick-up schedules, and specialized collection vehicles for different types of waste. Waste Segregation: After collection, waste is often sorted and segregated based on its type and characteristics. This helps in the efficient management of different waste streams, enabling appropriate treatment or disposal methods. Segregation can be done at the source (e.g., separating recyclables from non-recyclables) or at dedicated facilities. Future vehicular organizations are supposed to send more limited distances the car employer. Client-server methods revel in decrease execution regardless of standard abnormal network. Another one the worldview of shared content dispersion over the Web is arising with swarm conventions. The objective of Web amassing conventions is to lessen the heap on satisfied servers. Waste Treatment: Waste treatment involves various processes aimed at reducing the volume and toxicity of waste, as well as recovering valuable resources. Common treatment methods include composting, incineration, landfilling, and biological or chemical treatment of wastewater. Advanced technologies, such as anaerobic digestion and plasma gasification, are also used for waste conversion. Recycling and Resource Recovery: Recycling plays a crucial role in waste management systems. Materials like paper, plastics, glass, metals, and electronic waste can be recycled and sent to landfills or incinerators. Resource recovery also involves the extraction of energy from waste, such as through waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities. GWP Uppsala WMS,GWP Uppsala CS, GWP Alvdalen WMS, GWP Alvdalen CS, AP Uppsala WMS. IncAll, Inc90%, BioBus, RecPl. From the result it is seen that GWP Uppsala CSis got the first rank where as is the GWP Alvdalen CSis having the lowest rank. GWP Uppsala CSis ranked first and industrial building is ranked lowest.

Life cycle assessment of pharmaceutical packaging addressing end-of-life alternatives

Pharmaceutical packaging waste has increased due to a higher global demand for pharmaceutical products, leading to more waste generation and associated environmental impacts. The main goal of this article is to present a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment of pharmaceutical packaging, evaluating end-of-life (EoL) alternatives, aiming to identify hotspots and opportunities for improvement. A life cycle model was implemented for three types of pharmaceutical packaging (blisters, sachets, bottles; 23 packaging). The functional unit is the storage and delivery of medicines containing the same active pharmaceutical ingredient, dosage, and amount of medicines. Two EoL analyses were performed: 1) compare take-back (recycling and incineration) with domestic waste collection (landfill or incineration); and 2) assess different EoL situations of pharmaceutical packaging in Europe. A life cycle impact assessment was performed for 13 categories. Analysis 1 shows that take-back presents lower environmental impacts than domestic waste collection for seven out of 13 categories due to paper and glass recycling benefits. Analysis 2 shows that in the take-back, higher amounts of packaging are recycled or incinerated, which leads to lower EoL impacts. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of parameters and assumptions in packaging EoL impacts. Packaging production contributes significantly to life cycle impacts, followed by transportation, EoL, and packing process. Ecodesign initiatives are recommended, such as packaging with less material and volume, using materials with lower impacts to significantly reduce the impacts of pharmaceutical packaging.

Physical workload and cardiopulmonary parameters in relation to individual capacity of bulk waste workers – a cross-sectional field-study

PurposeWaste collection is considered particularly heavy work, although no previous study has yet investigated the strain of bulk waste collection. The aim of this study is to determine the workload of bulk waste workers in practice.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional field-study. Fourteen male volunteers from the bulk waste collection of the municipal sanitation department in Hamburg, Germany, were included. Performance was determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing under laboratory conditions. During the shift, each worker was accompanied by a researcher, and heart rate (HR) was recorded under field conditions using an HR watch with a belt system. We examined mean HR, relative heart rate (RHR), relative aerobic strain (RAS), calculated oxygen uptake (V.O2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{\\overset{.}{V}O}_2$$\\end{document}) and individual ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) as parameters of workload during their daily work.ResultsDuring the shift, HR was scaled: 102 bpm (SD 10.2), RHR: 36.9%, V.O2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{\\overset{.}{V}O}_2$$\\end{document}: 1267 ml/min (SD 161), RAS: 49.4% (SD 9.3), and V.O2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{\\overset{.}{V}O}_2$$\\end{document} in relation to VT1: 75% (SD 18.5). There was no significant difference between oxygen consumption during the main task of lifting and carrying bulky waste and the individual V.O2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{\\overset{.}{V}O}_2$$\\end{document} at VT1.ConclusionAlthough the burden of the main task of lifting and carrying bulky waste is very high (at VT1 for more than 3 h), interruptions from other tasks or formal breaks spread the burden over the entire shift. The total workload exceeded most recommendations in the literature across the different work periods. However, the total burden remains below VT1, the only parameter that takes individual endurance performance into account. We recommend again VT1 as an individual upper limit for prolonged occupational work.

Quantitative Analysis of Household Food Waste Collection in Warsaw: Assessing Efficiency and Waste Minimization

Food waste management is one of the key challenges of the circular economy and climate transition policies. The proper collection of food waste is the starting point for its further value recovery. Most of the quantitative and qualitative data used to measure the scale of food waste in households and its collection are based on statistical data, diaries, and questionnaires. There is a visible gap in research in terms of the use of direct research methods. This paper presents the results of a quantitative research study on household food waste accumulation and collection in Warsaw from two sources: single-family and multi-family households. The results of the study indicate that in Warsaw households, one can expect generation at the level of 33.4 kg·capita−1·year−1 of avoidable food waste and 38.2 kg·capita−1·year−1 of unavoidable food waste. The average food waste collection rate from households in Warsaw was determined to be at a level of 19.6 kg·capita−1·year−1. In multi-family buildings, which are dominant in Warsaw, this rate is half as pronounced (17.3 kg·capita−1·year−1) compared to single-family buildings (36.2 kg·capita−1·year−1). The average food waste collection efficiency rate from Warsaw households was at a level of 32%. Avoidable food waste accounted for 47% of all food waste generated. The study indicates a growing need to develop policy tools to support the separate collection and prevention of food waste.

Methods of collection and management of biodegradable municipal waste in selected countries of the European Union and current results from moisture loss measurements

Methods of collection and management of biodegradable municipal waste in selected countries of the European Union and current results from moisture loss measurements

An Optimized Hierarchal Cluster Formation Approach for Management of Smart Cities

A smart city is a metropolis technology that employs information technology with several internet of things (IoT) devices to enhance the quality of services for citizens, such as the traffic system, energy consumption, and waste collection. In fact, the quality of service (QoS) of these daily routine services are based on an assistive observation system. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as the key component of IoT, are used here to gather data into surveillance subsystems for supporting the decision making. To enhance the collected data management of the surveillance subsystems, many clustering techniques are introduced. The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH) is a key clustering technique of WSN. However, this protocol has deterring limitations, especially in the cluster formation step, which negatively impacts the residual power of many nodes. In fact, a limited number of efforts that try to optimize the clustering formation step represent the main motivation of this work. Considering this problem, the current research proposes an optimized approach to enhance the cluster formation phase of LEACH. The proposed approach depends on the suitability of the residual energy in the nodes to cover the communication energy, with CHs (cluster heads) as a key factor when allocating the node clusters in the first competition. The remaining power and the density of CHs are employed to weigh the accepted CHs and adjust the optimized size of the clusters in the secondary competition. The third competition helps each cluster to select the optimal members from the candidate members according to the impact of each. The advantages and efficiency of the ICSI (intelligent cluster selection approach for IoT) are observed via the ratio of surviving nodes increasing by 21%, residual energy increasing in 32% of the nodes, and a 34% higher network lifetime.

Economía circular en el uso de la cáscara de huevo como bioresiduo

The municipality of Luruaco is a town known as the capital of the arepa de huevo, in its development plan strategies are proposed to safeguard the oral tradition and gastronomic culture of 200 years, because there are 2500 arepas de huevo stalls that manufacture 150 arepas daily, being activity the movement of the economy of this population. This high production of arepas associated with the deficient collection of waste and the low interest of the luruaqueros in the reuse of the product leads to an important health problem, hence, this study is based on enabling the use of the eggshell as biowaste from the design of the unitary operations of the processing of the eggshell and its respective flowchart. as an alternative solution to the environmental problems that are suffered. It is based on the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the eggshell, by means of analytical tests that indicate the amount of calcium carbonate, a mineral with many possibilities of use. The study is carried out with the Asociación de Productoras de Arepa de Huevo de Luruaco – ASOPRAL managing to enhance their technical capacities in the program of management of usable solid waste, in particular the treatment of eggshells so that they can be reused and generate the possibility of income, a form of treatment for the solid waste that afflicts them in terms of contamination and in general for the food industry that is associated with this input.

Empirical analysis of cost-effective and equitable solid waste management systems: Environmental and economic perspectives

The solid waste management (SWM) system is in a transitional phase in developing economies, and local municipalities and waste management companies are stepping toward integrating a waste treatment approach in the scheme of waste handling. However, there is an urgent need to explore cost-effective techniques, models, and potential revenue streams to sustain the state-run waste sector self-sufficiently. The proposed SWM model aims to support the local waste sector in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, with 100% service area coverage to attain environmental and economic sustainability by defining dedicated waste collection streams to ensure quality material recovery under a cost-effective approach and modality. The innovative approach is applied to allocate the tonnage to various streams as per the city's current land use plan. The estimated/cost of the cleanliness services will be USD13.1 million per annum with an estimated per ton cost of USD 23. The establishment of the proposed material recovery facility (MRF) will process about 500 t/d of waste to produce 45 t/d compost and recover 130 t/d of recyclables. The environmentally friendly model saves 2.4 million tons of CO2‒eq/month from composting and recycling. The average economic potential from MRF and debris-crushing plants, including environmental benefit value, is calculated as USD 3.97 million annually. Recovery of services fee (70%) for various collection streams based on city land use and socio-economic conditions will generate revenue of USD 7.33 million annually. The total revenue will be USD 11.31 million (86% of total annual expenditures) to track the sector's self-sufficiency. To successfully reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), engaging the private sector from environmentally advanced economies to collaborate in the waste sector to enhance local technical capabilities is recommended.

Selective Collection Of Solid Waste Using An Application – Carcará Software Proposal

The article contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) based on information Technology (IT) and the proper use of industrial property rights for their protection. The prototype in the form of an application helps to identify selective collection points and monitors the process of disposal of Recyclable Urban Solid Waste produced in the municipality of Santarém - PA. From a research with a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach based on the collection of data from the platform of the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI), using the following keywords: selective collection, solid and recyclable waste, added to the concept of information Technology and urban solid waste. In summary, we sought to identify software records related to SDG target 12.5 of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This research served as a sample for the creation of a technological solution, generated in the conceptual presentation of the “Carcará” application, as a software that contributes to the selective collection of urban solid waste.

Understanding the performance and challenges of solid waste management in an emerging megacity: Insights from the developing world

Solid waste management has been a cavilling issue in Ghana, especially in Kumasi. Thus, this study examines the challenges and recommendations for solid waste management in the Oforikrom Municipality. Data was obtained from 450 respondents from low, middle- and high-income classes using structured questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 6 waste management stakeholders and 50 market venders. Generally, waste management in the area was described as moderate based on the SWAi rating of 50.8 %. While collection and transportation received high ratings of 71 % and 82 % respectively, challenges are apparent in waste segregation (14 %) and disposal (21 %), marked as critically poor and poor, respectively. The overall moderate rating (50.8 %) underscores a mixed performance, signalling the necessity for enhancing storage conditions (36 %) as well. The study showed that occupation (Chi-Square = 0.893, p = 0.029), income (Chi-Square = 0.933, p = 0.021), and satisfaction with waste management services (p = 0.026) displayed notable effects, highlighting their importance in shaping waste management practices. Data from the respondents revealed inadequate practices due to vehicle breakdowns, high transport costs, and funding limitations. Nevertheless, 59.1 % of households expressed willingness to pay for improved waste collection. The dominant waste types were food waste (40 %) and plastics (5.5 %). Disturbingly, 80 % of the households lacked knowledge about waste disposal methods. The study recommends strengthening education and awareness of waste management to residents, improvement of access routes to households and waste disposal sites, and transport of waste should be done at night to ease traffic congestion.

Municipal solid waste management: Identification and analysis of technology selection criteria using Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL technique

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) poses a considerable challenge to developing countries like Bangladesh because of the rising waste generation rates and lack of effective management practices such as illegal open dumping and informal waste collection. One of the crucial factors in the successful management of MSW is to select the appropriate technology which is a complex multi-criteria and laborious process. Despite the global emphasis on the importance of MSWM in the literature, there is a lack of studies conducted in developing countries that effectively identify and analyze the critical performance criteria for appropriate technology selection. This research aims to address this shortcoming by identifying, and prioritizing the selection criteria and finally investigating the inter-relationship between them and the degree to which they affect or are affected by one another. First, a thorough literature review and expert consultation were employed to determine a set of 21 key criteria using the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). Later, taking into account the imprecise and subjective nature of the DEMATEL method on human judgements, the Fuzzy DEMATEL technique was employed to investigate the cause-effect relationships among the identified criteria. The findings of the study demonstrated that 14 criteria were categorized as causal elements that have the most significant influence on the MSWM technology selection process and 7 criteria were categorized as effect. The selection of MSWM technology demands greater consideration of the top three ranked criteria, namely T4- Access to Technology (AT), T8- Feasibility (F), and the Ec6-Infrastructure requirements (IR). By identifying the pertinent criteria, structures and interrelationships, the outcome of the study can facilitate a better understanding of causal relationships among the criteria that require specific consideration from the decision-makers and allow them to select appropriate MSW management technology.