Hazardous Waste Collection Research Articles

Life cycle analysis in hazardous waste logistics in Türkiye: a case study

ABSTRACT The collection and transportation activities engaged in waste management (WM) are known to have significant environmental impacts. This study assessed the current environmental situation regarding the use of diesel fuel in hazardous waste (HW) collection and transportation using a LCA methodology. The study utilized the actual transportation data of the HW collection and transportation activities of a WM company, IZAYDAS, for the year 2021. The functional unit (FU) chosen for analysis was the “environmental impact per annual total fuel consumption.” In addition, the study aimed to understand potential changes in environmental impact if electricity were used as a fuel alternative. The findings revealed that in the current scenario with diesel fuel, the Abiotic Depletion Potential (Fossil Fuel) (ADP Fossil) effect category had a dominant effect (3.92E + 06 MJ). The total Global Warming Potential (GWP100a) effect for HW transportation was determined to be 5.28E + 05 kg CO2 eq in 2021. When electricity was considered a fuel alternative, a decrease was observed in the GWP100a and ADP impact categories. At the same time, Human Toxicity (HTP), Acidification (AP), and Eutrophication (EP) showed an increase due to fossil fuel-based energy production. Sensitivity analysis indicated that all effects are lower in countries that depend on clean energy sources for electricity production.

An Algorithm Based on Priority Rules for Solving a Multi-drone Routing Problem in Hazardous Waste Collection

An Algorithm Based on Priority Rules for Solving a Multi-drone Routing Problem in Hazardous Waste Collection

Ant colony algorithm to solve a drone routing problem for hazardous waste collection

Waste management issues are affecting the economic and environmental aspects of modern societies. Thus, growing the interest of academic and industrial research and development in optimizing the process of waste management. As these issues greatly impact human health and environmental aspects and impose a threat, hazardous waste management requires even much more attention. The problem studied in this research is a variant of the vehicle routing problem using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The focus of this research is on planning the routes for waste collection and disposal using a UAV. The aim is to collect all the waste as early as possible respecting two constraints; the maximum flying and load capacities of the UAV. A two-phase approach has been proposed to solve the investigated problem. This approach is a hybridization of a developed heuristic (IMWMTT) and an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. The experimental study showed that the hybrid approach outperforms a recently published heuristic MWMTT for all tested instances of various sizes.

Competition and price strategies of hazardous waste collection for small and micro enterprises based on dual-channel reverse supply chain

The collection of hazardous waste from small and micro enterprises (SMEs) is a bottleneck in hazardous waste risk management. Due to the small amount of hazardous waste generated, SMEs have to pay 5–10 times the treatment price of large-scale enterprises to entrust the disposal center for treatment. This disproportional collection price usually induces some SMEs to illegally dump hazardous waste into landfills and amplify environmental risks. The hazardous waste collection platform (HWCP) is as a third-party service providers (TPSP) launched by the government. It is joined by disposal centers and forms a dual-channel reverse supply chain(DRSC) in the hazardous waste collection of SMEs. In this study, we analyze the competition, the collaboration and pricing strategies between disposal center and HWCP under the DRSC by developing theoretical models and corresponding analytical solutions. The results suggest that the competition between HWCP and the disposal center can effectively reduce environmental risk by sufficiently absorbing potential demand for SMEs hazardous waste collection. Moreover, a stricter regulation from the government is found to be conducive to the more effective collection of hazardous waste for SMEs. Finally, our findings recommend that both subsidy and supervision mechanisms should be introduced by releasing potential demands.

Analysis of the state of the solid municipal waste management system in St. Petersburg over the past 25 years

The article examines the state of the waste management system in St. Petersburg over the past 25 years. It is shown that over 25 years, the environmental damage to the waste management system in St. Petersburg has increased 2.22 times, which indicates that the system has not been practically improved over the past years. Throughout the 25 years under consideration, the bulk of the solid municipal waste generated in St. Petersburg has been exported to the landfill, which is approximately 88 % of their total amount. The remaining 12 % is processed into compost at waste recycling plants. At the moment, in St. Petersburg there is a system for collecting hazardous waste from the population, which includes: hazardous waste collection points "Ecopoints", mobile hazardous waste collection points "Ecomobiles", metal terminals for receiving hazardous waste "Ecoterminals", as well as those designed to receive spent batteries, i.e. batteries "Ecoboxes" installed in specially selected places convenient for citizens. The work of the city's hazardous waste collection system from the population has been carried out since 2010, it is being improved, and is aimed at extracting hazardous waste generated by residents of St. Petersburg from the total volume of solid municipal waste generated by them. In conclusion, it is concluded that in the future in St. Petersburg it is necessary to develop directions for reducing the amount of waste exported to landfills by separating organic fraction from the main stream of municipal solid waste coming for processing, separating hazardous waste from them, as well as using high-quality sorting and deep processing of incoming solid streams municipal waste with the extraction of useful fractions from them, which can be used as secondary raw materials and for energy production

A 2-phase approach for planning of hazardous waste collection using an unmanned aerial vehicle

A 2-phase approach for planning of hazardous waste collection using an unmanned aerial vehicle

Designing a sustainable logistics network for hazardous medical waste collection a case study in COVID-19 pandemic

The process of collecting and transporting hazardous medical waste poses a potential threat to the environment and public safety. Furthermore, the waste management system faces higher transportation costs due to the increasing human activities related to rapid population growth. The absence of an efficient and safe logistics network for the timely collection and transportation of hazardous wastes may have negative effects on the environment and public health. Therefore, more sustainable transportation of hazardous waste services is a necessity This paper attempts to design a sustainable network for hazardous medical waste collection services during the COVID-19 pandemic. An electric medical waste collection vehicle routing problem is introduced to construct optimal routes and rosters for a fleet of electric vehicles as well as cover their choice of charging technologies, times and locations. This problem allows us to minimize the health risk of hazardous medical waste while providing cost-effective, zero-emission waste management logistics. Therefore, this problem covers environmental and economic objectives to achieve sustainable development. An effective heuristic that covers adaptive large neighbourhood search and a local search is designed to deal with the complex problem. A series of extensive computational experiments is carried out using real-life benchmark instances to assess the performance of the algorithm. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to investigate the effect of multiple charger types on the cost and risk objectives. The experiment results indicate that mixed-use of different charger types can reduce the total energy cost and transport risk compared to the case of using only a single charger.

Licensing for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management: A Study on Environmental Administrative Law (Case Study: Court Judgment Number 1872/PID.B/:H/2015 /PN.LBP)

The implementation of the new regulations, Law of the Republic Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2009, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 11 of 2020, and the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021 has an impact on the regulations and regulatory mechanisms for licensing the Management of Toxic Hazardous Waste, particularly the Collection of hazardous waste. The One-Stop Integrated Investment and Licensing Service of Sumatera Utara Province are responsible for issuing this licensing. Following the issuance of the license, the relevant agencies need to monitor it to avoid violation as in Court Decision Number 1872/PID.B/:H/2015/PN.LBP. The research uses normative juridical, which refers to applicable laws and regulations covering legal principles, legal history, and legal comparisons. This study uses interviews with related parties and secondary data from analyzing decision-making and literature reviews to collect data. The study shows that the simplification of laws and licensing processes with Law No. 11 of 2020 alters numerous provisions in Law No. 32 of 2009. The alteration requires the investors to submit a license via the Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach (OSS-RBA). Second, criminal law enforcement should be considered the final action in the event of a violation of the management of toxic, hazardous materials waste. Third, supervision for the company's toxic, hazardous materials waste collection should be both direct and indirect to reduce the number of violations in managing toxic, hazardous materials waste.

Evaluation of sanitary waste generated by the care of COVID patients, in the Jipijapa Basic Hospital

In the current moments in which the world population lives related to the COVID-19 pandemic, a pandemic that has affected all countries worldwide, can only be contained based on the strategies taken by the entire population where hospitals play a fundamental role in mitigation and community transmission. The Jipijapa Basic Hospital is a health institution that has cared for patients infected with this disease. The objective of this research is to find out if the Environmental Risk Management system is complied with in the hospital center, fundamentally-oriented towards compliance with the regulations that regulate the management of sanitary waste in health establishments, in such a way that contamination to personnel is not produced. that works on the site, thereby allowing better environmental conditions to be achieved, mitigating the disease and its transmission mechanisms. For the study, a diagnosis was made on the initial management of sanitary waste, generated in health establishments by the care of COVID-19 patients, in addition to the observation and application of surveys to administrative personnel of the hospital. It was obtained as a result that the workers know and comply with the regulations for the collection of hazardous solid waste within the hospital.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ТВЕРДИМИ ПОБУТОВИМИ ВІДХОДАМИ У КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКІЙ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІЙ ГРОМАДІ

Purpose. Many years of experience in the operation of landfills for solid waste has contributed to the development of a number of measures aimed at preventing their adverse effects on the environment. In the case of separate waste collection, up to 70–80 % of useful resources can be removed from their total amount. Removal of valuable components will have a positive effect on reducing the amount of waste to be disposed of, reduce the negative impact on the environment, and offset the costs of procurement of secondary raw materials. Methodology. In order to reduce the level of danger of the landfill, the problem of solid waste management in the Kremenchuk territorial community was studied. The current directions of improvement of the waste collection and utilization system are considered. To determine the components of waste that should be sorted, studies of the morphological composition of solid waste, as well as analyzed the possibilities of their processing in Ukraine. Results. A system of primary sorting and removal of useful components at the stage of waste collection is proposed. A set of technological solutions for optimizing the waste treatment system is recommended. Based on the research, it is concluded that the existing waste management system in Kremenchuk should be supplemented by separate collection of hazardous and organic waste, to introduce separate waste collection in the private sector. The proposed optimization of the waste management system will reduce the load on the landfill; reduce the negative impact on all components of the environment. It is also proposed to expand the infrastructure of the landfill by building the following facilities: a municipal center for sorting solid waste, a sorting station, a complex for composting organic waste. Originality. Thanks to the proposed integrated approach to waste management, which is a combination of mechanical separation and biological treatment of waste, it will be possible to reduce the amount of leachate and biogas, reduce the load on the landfill, and reduce the negative impact of waste on soils and groundwater. Practical value. Creating an effective waste management system will help improve the state of environmental and sanitary-epidemiological safety in the community. References 11, tables 3, figures 2.

Hazardous infectious waste collection and government aid distribution during COVID-19: A robust mathematical leader-follower model approach

The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed significant challenges to governments across the world. The increase in hazardous infectious waste (HIW) caused by the pandemic is associated with the risk of transmitting the virus. In this study, hazardous waste includes infectious waste generated both by individuals and by hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. To control the outbreak by maintaining social distance and home quarantine protocols, daily necessities and health supplies must be provided to the people affected. Governments play an essential role in the management of the crisis, creating an elaborate plan for collecting HIW and providing necessities and health supplies. This paper proposes a leader-follower approach for hazardous infectious waste collection and government aid distribution to control COVID-19. At the top level of the model, government policies are designed to support people by distributing daily necessities and health supplies, and to support contractors by waste collection. The lower level of the model is related to the operational decisions of contractors with limited capacities. Due to the potential risk of virus transmission via contaminated waste, the proposed model considers the complications imposed on contractors at the lower level. Applying a stochastic programming approach, four possible scenarios are examined, dependent of the severity of the outbreak. As a solution approach, the Benders decomposition method is combined with Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The results show that government support, in addition to much better management of citizen demand, can control the spread of the virus by implementing quarantine decisions.

Environmental Awareness and Knowledge of Municipal Waste Management Among Inhabitants of Eastern Mazovia

The problem of municipal waste management is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Its solution requires the integrated involvement of central and local authorities as well as the public. For their actions to be fully effective, they must be accompanied by an increase in environmental awareness. The aim of the study was to assess the environmental awareness and knowledge of inhabitants of eastern Mazovia regarding municipal waste management. A survey study was carried out on a group of 262 individuals using a questionnaire. Analysis of the results showed that the surveyed inhabitants of eastern Mazovia were aware of problems associated with municipal waste management, but some of them were critical of the actions taken by central and municipal authorities to solve them. Their high level of environmental awareness and knowledge was evidenced by the fact that most of those surveyed were familiar with the principles of selective collection of municipal waste, including green and hazardous waste.

Design of Hazardous Waste Station in XYZ Port, Jakarta City

The design of the hazardous waste station is intended to adjust the security in the XYZ port area based on the fire and leakage possibility based on hazardous waste generation. The research method uses primary data, which is the measurements to determine the availability of land area, and secondary data to determine the generation amount and solid waste characteristics. The design of the hazardous waste station began with field observations to measure the land availability, then collected secondary data to know the volume type, volume, characteristics, and dimensions of hazardous waste collection. The composition of hazardous wastes based on the solid waste characteristics is flammable (20%), flammable and toxic (56%), toxic (23%), and corrosive (1%). The result found that the recommended dimension of the hazardous waste station is 11m x 8m. The total area of ventilation needed is 8m 2 . The light source of a hazardous waste station is recommended to have 40 Watts of power and each Armature has 2 lights. The container dimensions for leakage prevention are 2m x 2m x 0.6 m with a freeboard of 0.3 m. The fire extinguisher with a range of 12 m

Using modified metaheuristic algorithms to solve a hazardous waste collection problem considering workload balancing and service time windows

Hazardous wastes’ volume produced by human activities has increased in recent years. Consequently, associated risks involved in the treatment, recycling, disposing, and transportation of these hazardous materials have become more attractive for the researchers. In this study, we propose a new model for hazardous waste location routing problem. Appending the service time window and workload balance to the previous mathematical models can be taken into account as the major contributions of this study. Three objective functions including two systematic goals (cost and risk) and one social goal (workload balancing) have been considered for the model. Compatibility between wastes and a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, which are rarely investigated in the literature, is discussed in this paper. Since the proposed model is classified as a multi-objective model, three multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, namely Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Pareto Envelope-based Selection Algorithm II (PESA-II), and Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II) are employed. As two other innovations, an adaptive penalty function is developed and the PESA-II is modified by removing replicated solutions from its archive and their obtained results are discussed. Finally, by experimenting a number of test problems in different sizes, it is demonstrated that proposed modified PESA-II and SPEA-II perform better than NSGA-II in most of comparison metrics including feasible answers exploration, CPU time, spacing metric, inverted generational distance, quality metric, etc., whereas, NSGA-II creates more spread Pareto frontiers which are suitable for decision-maker to choose, from among a range of different options.

A bi-objective robust optimization model for hazardous hospital waste collection and disposal network design problem

The hazardous hospital waste (HHW) is one of the main problems in urban waste management, which requires the design and implementation of a special collection and disposal system. Hospital wastes were known as important hazardous waste to be efficiently disposed within a short operational time in order to prevent the spread of infections and diseases. In this research, a multi-objective robust optimization model was developed to design a collection and disposal network of HHW under uncertain condition. The objectives are to concurrently minimize the total cost including transportation and operations costs, and the total risk of transportation and operations. To solve the proposed bi-objective model, the augmented e-constraint method was employed. Moreover, the model validation is achieved using and solving several test problems in different sizes, and the analysis of the robust model was performed compared to the deterministic model. Finally, a real case study was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the research’s methodology, which was done by determining Pareto front and performing a sensitivity analysis to evolve the managerial insights.

Iterative Local-Search Heuristic for Weighted Vehicle Routing Problem

Solutions to the weighted vehicle routing problem (WVRP) find numerous applications, such as home-to-work bus service, toll-by-weight cargo transportation, perishable-food delivery, and hazardous waste collection. This paper presents mathematical WVRP models corresponding to both collection and delivery cases. This study demonstrates WVRPs to be NP-hard, and proposes an efficient heuristic method (RI-ILS) to solve WVRPs. RI-ILS is based on principles of regret-insertion and iterative local-search. Several computational experiments were performed in this study to demonstrate the utility of the RI-ILS approach. As observed, when solving traditional vehicle routing problems (VRPs), RI-ILS yields good results under all testing conditions. In particular, it provides new best-known solutions under 12 testing conditions. When solving WVRPs, the RI-ILS method outperforms two recently published state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of solution quality, computational time, and stability. Case studies have also been performed in this research based on real-world data obtained from two Chinese companies that provide home-to-work bus service to their employees.

Developing a hazardous waste management system with consideration of health, safety, and environment

This paper presents a novel mathematical model for hazardous waste collection problem. The study aims to introduce a model in order to improve health, safety, environment (HSE) issues for hazardous waste collection problem in addition to considering operational cost. In addition, technologies which will be applied at each facility are investigated. To extend previous networks in this field of study, the vehicles’ depot are considered,. In order to tackle the problem, ɛ-constraint and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) methods are applied. According to the results, we can state that NSGA-II mean value of comparison metrics are equivalent to the results of ɛ-constraint with confidence level of 95%. Moreover, the sum of the distance's mean from the ideal point for ɛ-constraint method is 4% less than NSGA-II which can be concluded as an acceptable result for NSGA-II algorithm. All in all, The presented model can help managers and decision makers to have a more comprehensive and thorough understanding the HSE issues with respect to the operational cost in the field of waste collection network design.

Опасные отходы у населения: проблемы, поиск решений их раздельного накопления

Garbage and various waste products are an integral part of human life, but today they have become a global problem. The main reason why the accumulation of garbage requires special attention and new ways of processing and disposal is the accumulation of hazardous waste generated by the population. The article deals with the problems of waste management of 1st and 2nd hazard classes, the ways of solving these problems are proposed. The main purpose of this article is to determine the authorities responsible for hazardous waste management, review the hierarchy of waste management in case of hazardous waste. As a result, recommendations for establishing a system of separate collection and utilization of hazardous waste are proposed.

Hazardous Waste: The Beginning of International Organizations Addressing a Growing Global Challenge in the 1970s

Hazardous waste began gaining public attention in industrialized countries in the 1970s, partly as a result of several scandals involving former waste sites. Early on, several international organizations (IOs), notably the EEC, NATO, OECD and WHO, addressed the issue in publications, surveys and the collection of data. Collectively, these initiatives addressed crucial questions regarding the definition, collection, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste. Above all, they provided space and subtle pressure for national authorities to gather information about a problem which, so far, had been all but ignored. These programs revealed the improvised nature of much policy-making at the time but also offered the opportunity to consider hazardous waste management within larger development pathways. The perspectives taken during discussions at IOs vacillated between pragmatic, simple collection of data and superficial searching for short-term management in terms of trying to get rid of the substances and more principled considerations of how to find long-term solutions for hazardous waste through comprehensive approaches that integrated all stages of production from produce planning to disposal. Thus, IOs did not prevent the increasing spread of toxic materials into the environment. But they may have mitigated its form and paved the way for alternative development planning in the long run.

Multi-period hazardous waste collection planning with consideration of risk stability

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Hazardous wastes are likely to cause danger to humans and the environment. In this paper, a new mathematical optimization model is developed for the multi-period hazardous waste collection planning problem. The hazardous wastes generated by each source are time-varying in weight and allow incomplete and delayed collection. The aim of the model is to help decision makers determine the weight of hazardous wastes to collect from each source and the transportation routes of vehicles in each period. In the developed model, three objectives are considered simultaneously: (1) minimisation of total cost over all periods, which includes start-up fee of vehicles, transportation cost of hazardous wastes, and penalty fee for the delayed collection; (2) minimisation of total transportation risk posing to the surrounding of routes over all periods; and (3) even distribution of transportation risk among all periods, also called <i>risk stability</i>. The developed multi-objective model is transformed into a single-objective one based on the weighted sums method, which is finally equated to a mixed 0-1 linear programming by introducing a set of auxiliary variables and constraints. Numerical experiments are computed with CPLEX software to find the optimal solutions. The computational results and parameters analysis demonstrate the applicability and validity of the developed model. It is found that the consideration of the <i>risk stability</i> can reduce the total transportation risk, the uneven distribution of the transportation risk among all periods, and the maximum number of vehicles used, though increasing the total cost to some extent.