Collection Device Research Articles

An Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Flexible and Wearable Mechanoluminescent Strain Sensor System.

The complex wiring, bulky data collection devices, and difficulty in fast and on-site data interpretation significantly limit the practical application of flexible strain sensors as wearable devices. To tackle these challenges, this work develops an artificial intelligence-assisted, wireless, flexible, and wearable mechanoluminescent strain sensor system (AIFWMLS) by integration of deep learning neural network-based color data processing system (CDPS) with a sandwich-structured flexible mechanoluminescent sensor (SFLC) film. The SFLC film shows remarkable and robust mechanoluminescent performance with a simple structure for easy fabrication. The CDPS system can rapidly and accurately extract and interpret the color of the SFLC film to strain values with auto-correction of errors caused by the varying color temperature, which significantly improves the accuracy of the predicted strain. A smart glove mechanoluminescent sensor system demonstrates the great potential of the AIFWMLS system in human gesture recognition. Moreover, the versatile SFLC film can also serve as a encryption device. The integration of deep learning neural network-based artificial intelligence and SFLC film provides a promising strategy to break the "color to strain value" bottleneck that hinders the practical application of flexible colorimetricstrain sensors, which could promote the development of wearable and flexible strain sensors from laboratory research to consumer markets.

Multimodal classifier of medical risk based on a multielectrode bioimpedance converter

The purpose of the research. The aim of the study is Russian and foreign studies have shown that malignant breast tumors have significantly different impedance from normal tissues. However, bioimpedance analysis has limitations in resolution, as well as in the imperfection of bioimpedance models required to generate input vectors for machine learning systems.Methods. The presented study proposes a multimodal classifier, the raw data for which are obtained through an electrode matrix. It also has three channels for processing the results of bioimpedance analysis, with subsequent aggregation of their solutions. An impedance model of biomaterial is proposed, which allows forming descriptors for medical risk classifiers.Results. Hardware and software for bioimpedance studies have been developed, which include a data collection device for bioimpedance spectroscopy based on an electrode matrix, a device for communication with the object of study, and a device for bioimpedance spectroscopy using an electrode matrix. The software includes interface windows for setting up the bioimpedance research program and training and testing fully connected neural networks. An experimental study of the multimodal classifier on a physical model was conducted using inclusions of higher conductivity (tumor imitation) of various types and sizes in the conductivity range from 1.1 to 1.9 of the background. Based on the obtained images in the two-level neural network of the first channel, the integral risk of breast cancer was determined for all pixels of the image. Statistical studies (ROC analysis) showed sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the screening method - > 0.75. Conclusion. Thus, a new model of intelligent support for medical decision-making has been created, integrating the capabilities of bioimpedance spectroscopy, convolutional neural networks and expert assessment of images generated by bioimpedance mapping. However, current data confirming the possibility of separating benign and malignant breast tumors using bioimpedancemetry methods are very limited, which requires further research in this direction.

Abstract A042: cfDNA collection and purification improved and simplified: Inexpensive at-home device reduces large volumes of urine to a ucfdna containing stable filter

Abstract Introduction: In order to reduce the numerous burdens venipuncture introduces, including the hard limit of sensitivity that the small sample size inflicts on all analytic methods seeking ultimate sensitivity, we have developed an inexpensive, use anywhere device, that can handle a full day's output of urine; it collects and stabilizes urine cfDNA on filters that can be transported by regular mail. Methods: Large volumes of urine are problematic for many reasons, including filter clogging. Thus, we tested many pre-filters as well as capture filters with various polyelectrolyte modifications, to capture the DNA. As degradation of cfDNA in urine is problematic, we tested methods of preserving the DNA as soon as it was voided and methods to ensure that the captured DNA was stable. We evaluated the stability of the captured DNA, the ability to elute it in the lab, and the ability to use it in downstream methods. Results - Collection: Extensive experimentation has revealed combination that can capture the cfDNA from a full void of urine without clogging. Since urine is abundant, high yield is not critical, however we observed recovery of spiked oligos of over 90%, using capture with the polyelectrolyte chitosan. An “instant dissolve” packet of additives and buffers begins stabilizing the DNA as soon as it hits the collection container. The home user then pushes the urine through an industrial syringe (which may be used as the collection device) and filter cartridge, discarding the flow through. They then cap the filter cartridge for standard mailing. Since DNase cannot bind to chitosan bound DNA, stability was anticipated; both cfDNA and spiked in oligo laggers are stable for at least four days. Multiple voids can be captured on a filter(s) during the day. Results - Elution and downstream: When the filter cartridge is received in the lab, the prefilter containing cells can be saved for gDNA and analysis of cells that may be important especially in urogenital cancer. The cfDNA capture filter is washed and eluted in under 15 min. From just 150 mls of urine, over 2 ug, vs the typical 10s of ng from other methods, is eluted. The released DNA is active in PCR, allowing the detection not only of alu and Line1 sequences but also beta-actin. In these experiments under 4 genome equivalents (the lowest amount used) detected single copy sequences. Conclusions: A cfDNA from urine device that allows at home collection, at any frequency, of any volume, in a stable easy to transport form has been created. The device allows easy transport at ambient temperature without biofluid concerns. The eluate is PCR ready with a minimum of steps and no equipment. Home collection will facilitate screening programs, monitoring of many diseases, and additional data collection in trials. For the first time daily output of cfDNA can be easily harvested and measured. Comprehensive total daily amounts and frequent longitudinal timepoints will complement current cross-sectional blood cfDNA testing and provide a more comprehensive picture. Urine also increases screening compliance. Citation Format: Floyd E Taub, Lindsey Ray, Elijah Barstis, Charles Henry, Kirsten Arnold. cfDNA collection and purification improved and simplified: Inexpensive at-home device reduces large volumes of urine to a ucfdna containing stable filter [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr A042.

Wearable System Integrating Dual Piezoresistive and Photoplethysmography Sensors for Simultaneous Pulse Wave Monitoring.

Wearable, flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors have garnered substantial interest due to their diverse applications in fields such as electronic skin, robotic limbs, and cardiovascular monitoring. Among these applications, arterial full pulse waveform monitoring stands out as a critical area of research. The emergence of piezoresistive pressure sensors as a prominent tool for capturing pulse waveforms has led to extensive investigations. However, the lack of a linear response while achieving high sensitivity, limited compactness of signal collection systems, and scaling issues are a few potential causes of the gap between research advances and technology market readiness. Here, we present a scalable dual piezoresistive sensor that uses two complementary resistance-changing mechanisms to balance the trade-off between linear response and high sensitivity. This synergic design enables excellent sensitivity of 8.4 kPa-1 and near linear pressure response. It boasts a fast response time of 95/145 ms for loading and unloading at a pressure of 10.1 kPa. The durability tests, encompassing nearly 5000 two-stage compression cycles, validate the reliable performance of the sensor, even after prolonged use. Leveraging these performance metrics, we developed a high-resolution and compact signal collection device capable of accurately detecting the three distinct peaks associated with the full pulse waveform, including the systolic and reflected diastolic peaks. Moreover, the signal acquisition system incorporates a photoplethysmography sensor, which, when paired with the dual piezoresistive sensor, offers new insights into localized vascular health monitoring. The unique feature of our approach is its ability to perform localized vascular monitoring using multiple sensors placed on different veins. The simultaneous detection of forward- and backward-going pulse waves at the body extremities allows for a comprehensive evaluation of localized vascular health, which is not achievable with a single sensor. Finally, the comparison of wrist pulse waveforms between the compact signal collection device and a standard sourcemeter (such as the Keithley 2460) confirmed that the wearable sensing system is on par with conventional sourcemeters in terms of capturing the typical details of the full pulse waveform (i.e., systolic peak, dicrotic notch, and diastolic peak). This validation underscores the reliability and effectiveness of the developed wearable sensing system for practical and continuous pulse waveform monitoring.

Stabilizing food supply chains with Blockchain technology during periods of economic inflation

This study explores the potential of blockchain technology to stabilize food supply chains during periods of economic inflation. Economic inflation poses significant challenges to food security, as rising prices can disrupt supply chain transparency, efficiency, and trust among stakeholders. This research develops a conceptual model demonstrating how blockchain can enhance transparency and stability in food supply chains, ultimately improving resilience against inflationary pressures. By providing a decentralized, immutable ledger, blockchain technology allows for real-time tracking of food products from farm to table, enabling better inventory management and demand forecasting. The proposed model integrates key components, including smart contracts, which automate transactions and ensure compliance with quality and safety standards. This feature not only reduces delays but also fosters trust among supply chain participants, such as farmers, distributors, retailers, and consumers. Additionally, the model emphasizes the role of data analytics in harnessing blockchain data to provide insights into pricing trends and inventory levels, facilitating proactive decision-making in response to inflation. Future research directions are identified, focusing on innovations within blockchain technology that could further mitigate the effects of inflation on food supply chains. Potential areas of exploration include integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive analytics, utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time data collection, and developing decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions to enhance liquidity and investment in the agricultural sector. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on blockchain applications in supply chain management by highlighting its potential as a tool for enhancing food security in inflationary environments. By ensuring transparency, improving stakeholder collaboration, and providing actionable insights, blockchain technology can play a pivotal role in stabilizing food supply chains amidst economic fluctuations. Ultimately, this research advocates for the adoption of blockchain solutions as part of comprehensive strategies to safeguard food systems from the adverse impacts of inflation. Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Food Supply Chains, Economic Inflation, Transparency, Stability, Smart Contracts, Predictive Analytics, Data Analytics, Food Security, Decentralized Finance.

Urine Contamination Prevalence Using a Midstream Collection Device Compared with Clean Voided Collections in Dogs.

Collecting clean-caught voided urine samples is minimally invasive, but contamination occurs when urine passes through the nonsterile urethra and external genitalia. Discarding the initial urine stream may reduce these contaminants. This study hypothesized that using a midstream urine collection device would decrease bacterial and cellular contamination as compared with cleanly caught voided urine. This descriptive cross-sectional study collected urine from dogs using standard clean-caught (SCC), midstream collection device (MCD), and cystocentesis (CYS) techniques. Urinalysis and aerobic urine culture characteristics were recorded with each characteristic's prevalence described using percentages and 95% confidence intervals for each mode of collection. Positive urine culture prevalence did not differ between SCC and MCD (adjusted P value = .099); however, CYS had a lower prevalence compared with SCC and MCD (adjusted P values of <.001 [CYS versus SCC] and 0.009 [CYS versus MCD]). For other variables, there was no difference in prevalence when comparing SCC with MCD. There was no identified advantage to collecting urine using an MCD as compared with the SCC technique. Either option is a suitable alternative when CYS is not practical; however, clinicians need to interpret results cautiously because bacterial contamination is more common as compared with CYS.

A 3D-Printed Bionic Membrane with Autonomously Passive Unidirectional Liquid Transfer Capability for Water Condensation, Collection, and Purification.

Interfacial solar vapor generation is a promising technology for alleviating the current global water crisis, and the evaporation rate and efficiency have approached the theoretical limit. In a practical interfacial evaporation water purification system, the collection rate of purified water is typically lower than the evaporation rate. Passive collection devices based on gravity are susceptible to environmental influences and exhibit low collection efficiency, while active collection devices consuming external energy suffer from complex device systems and extra energy consumption. Given that both collection devices are nonselective and unable to distinguish contaminants mixed in the vapor, bionic membranes with autonomously passive and unidirectional water transfer capacity are developed through 3D printing for efficient water collection. More importantly, the bionic membranes are capable of high-speed water transportation without the need for external energy or gravity drive and liquid-selective transportation for separating oily pollutants from the collected products. The directional transport property facilitates the modular assembly of the bionic membrane, extending its application to practical large-scale solar-driven seawater desalination systems.

Body Fluid Collection Devices for Ostomy Patients: A Review.

Background/Objectives: Abdominal ostomy surgery has a severe impact on individuals' daily lives. These procedures are typically indicated for conditions such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or traumatic injuries. They involve creating an artificial opening, denominated the stoma, in the abdominal area to divert feces or urine, establishing a connection between the affected organs and the body's exterior. Thus, specialized products to collect the body fluids are required, being effective and tailored products crucial to enhance the quality of life of such patients. Methods: This paper presents a review of fecal fluid collection devices and advanced technologies designed to assist patients with ostomies. The study aims to identify the known bags/devices and evaluate their attributed performance in enhancing the population's physical and social quality of life. This review is based on a systematic search conducted between 20 February and 2 March 2024, in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Google Patents databases. Articles published within the last eight years from this period were included in the analysis. Results: The devices found in the study were classified as passive, requiring active monitoring by the user, and active, providing automated assistance. Three main categories were identified, reflecting the most significant concerns of patients: (1) devices that control fluid leakage, reducing peristomal dermatological problems; (2) devices that minimize odors and noise, reducing social embarrassment; and (3) devices that monitor fluid volume, helping with electrolyte balance, especially in patients with ileostomies. Conclusions: This study revealed that the existing devices meet primary collection and disposal needs. However, introducing smart devices could offer greater control and confidence to users, providing real-time information on gas pressure, stool texture, and accumulated volume. Thus, overall, the development of advanced technologies can significantly improve patients' quality of life, restore social confidence, and enable a more effective management of the condition by sharing information with medical teams.

Water Status Detection Method Based on Water Balance Model for High-Power Fuel Cell Systems

With the gradually accelerating pace of global decarbonization, highly efficient and clean proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be an energy solution for the future. During the operation of a fuel cell, it is necessary to keep the internal proton exchange membrane in a good state of hydration, so an appropriate method of detecting the hydration state is essential. At present, fuel cell systems are rapidly developing towards high power, but methods for detecting the hydration state of high-power fuel cell systems are still relatively lacking. Therefore, this paper studies the hydration state of high-power fuel cell systems and builds a condensation tail-gas water collection device for calculating the water flow out of a fuel cell system, deriving the hydration status inside the high-power fuel cell system. To verify the proposed water balance model, a series of experiments were conducted based on controlled variables such as working temperature, air metering ratio, and load current. Experiments were conducted on a 100 KW fuel cell system to collect water flow from the fuel cell system. Finally, based on the experimental data, the change rate of the internal water content of the fuel cell system under different conditions was calculated. The results show that, under the same load current, as the working temperature and air metering ratio increase, the change rate of the internal water content of the fuel cell system gradually decreases. Therefore, at low power, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate working temperature, while at high power, maintaining an appropriate air metering ratio is more important.

Colorectal screening program implementation in primary health care, in Loures-Odivelas, Portugal

Abstract Problem In 2020, Portugal had the highest cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the European Union (103 new cases/100,000 inhabitants). The Colorectal Cancer Screening Program (CRCS) is based on fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) as the primary screening method. With the delivery of the stool sample collection device; instruction on its use is provided by the Primary Health Care team. The sample is processed at the Clinical Pathology laboratory of the Hospital Center (HC). In case of a positive result, the general practitioner communicates the result and refers the individual to the Follow-up and Treatment Center. Description The general objective of this project was to implement the CRCS in the 19 Family Health Units (FHU) of Loures-Odivelas Health Center Group, between September 2022 and April 2023. The following activities were carried out: 1. Sessions to present the patient pathway, record platform, and stool sample collection device; 2. Application of a checklist of essential points for the start of screening; 3. Preparation and dissemination of monitoring reports to the FHU; 4. Follow-up visits to clarify doubts. Results By March 2023, CRCS had been implemented in 15 of the 19 FHU (79%). Between September 2022 and March 2023, 1,430 devices were delivered and 959 FOBT samples were received (67%). Among the devices received with biological samples, it was not possible to issue a result for 5%. Lessons The activities carried out allowed for the initiation of CRCS in most FHU. The involvement of professionals in these activities contributes to increased patient adherence and proper collection technique, reducing inconclusive FOBT results. It is necessary to continue this strategy of personalized support for the FHU to consolidate the implementation of CRCS in LO HCG. Ensuring that the necessary materials are available and that result issuance and referral deadlines are met are important factors for maintaining professional motivation. Key messages • The objective was to implement the Colorectal Cancer Screening Program (CRCS) in 19 Family Health Units (FHU) in Loures-Odivelas. By March 2023, CRCS had been implemented in 15 of 19 FHU (79%). • It is important to continue these activities in order to put into operation the CRCS in all FHU and to tackle the problem of colorectal cancer.

Clinical trial comparing the use of Orcellex® Brush versus Cervex-Brush® on vaginal vault smear cytology adequacy rate in patients treated with radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the Cervex-Brush® and Orcellex® Brush as sampling devices for vaginal vault smear cytology in cervical cancer patients treated primarily with radiotherapy. A randomized crossover trial was conducted at a gynecological oncology center in Hong Kong to compare the Cervex-Brush® and Orcellex® Brush in terms of their vault smear adequacy rate in cervical cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy. One hundred sixty cervical cancer patients treated with primary radiotherapy and undergoing follow-up surveillance by vaginal vault cytology were recruited. The smear adequacy rate was 90.6% for Cervex-Brush® and 91.9% for Orcellex® Brush. The rates of low cellularity for both brushes were similar (76.8% for Cervex-Brush® vs. 76.1% for Orcellex® Brush). The detection rates of abnormal smears were also not significantly different (2.8% for Cervex-Brush® vs. 4.2% for Orcellex® Brush). The 2 brushes were also not significantly different in terms of pain score and degree of bleeding. It was further observed that the second smear collection was more painful and patients who were on hormonal replacement therapy demonstrated less bleeding. There was no difference between the Orcellex® brush and the Cervex-Brush® in terms of smear adequacy rate, rate of high cellularity and the detection of abnormal smears. There was also no significant difference between the 2 brushes in terms of pain and the degree of bleeding. Therefore, the Orcellex® Brush can be considered a suitable alternative sampling device for vault smear collection in patients who have undergone radiotherapy for cervical cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04461574.

Comparison of Microcapillary Blood Sampling Devices for Use in Anti-Doping.

Blood collection is an important facet of anti-doping testing, forming the basis of the hematological module of the athlete biological passport (ABP). Presently, whole blood is collected via venepucture under standardized conditions, in accordance with the World Anti-doping Agency's International Standard for Testing and Investigations (ISTI). Advances in capillary whole blood collection technology now afford the ability to collect microvolumetric capillary whole blood from the upper arm (or other suitable vascular location such as the abdomen) that is "needle-free" and virtually painless. Previous work has demonstrated the suitability and feasibility of capillary whole blood compared with venous using the Tasso+ device. Recently, other microcapillary devices have received FDA approval increasing the options available to the anti-doping community. The present study extends previous work, by collecting microliter capillary whole blood samples via two different FDA approved devices (RedDrop and the Tasso+ device) to compare with venous blood collected simultaneously. Ten participants provided three matched blood samples (2× capillary and 1× venous) in accordance with WADA ABP guidelines for blood sample collection, for a total of 30 samples. Capillary samples from both devices showed excellent laboratory agreement with venous blood for all CBC parameters, with the exception of platelets. Excellent laboratory agreement was also observed between the two microcapillary collection devices. Irrespective of the device, microcapillary blood collection provides a valid alternative to venous blood collection for ABP purposes.

Data Collection and Recharging of Sensor Node by Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract: The wireless sensor network (WSN) has limited battery and storage capacity. The main challenge in static sink nodes is the lack of energy and data transfer to the base station (BS). A mobile sink (MS) is an excellent way to handle these difficulties in WSN. The use of an MS solution not only ensures long-term network functionality, but also improves network performance. In this paper, the MS-based data collection and recharging, mobile device is used for data collection from sensor nodes and recharging the sensor nodes throughout the network whenever required. There are two types of MS-based solutions described as (i) Mobile devices for data collection from sensor nodes in the network. (ii) Mobile device for collecting data and recharging sensor nodes from the network. Finally, in this paper, we presented the advantages, disadvantages, and other criteria of both types. Also, a potential framework is presented for data collection and recharging of sensor nodes by MS in WSN. The core contribution of this paper is present the state of art and future roadmap for data collection and recharging of sensor nodes by MS in WSN. The identification of the main open challenges and future direction in this research area are also highlighted and discussed.

12260 Assessing The Impact Of Saliva Collection Devices On Analyte Recovery

Abstract Disclosure: D. Marshall: None. M. Dolan: None. M. Mctaggart: None. B.G. Keevil: None. Introduction: Analysis of saliva is gathering momentum, often conveying advantages over regular venepuncture, offering a convenient way of collecting multiple samples throughout the day with relative ease from the comfort of a patient’s home or workplace. The advent of more sensitive mass spectrometry equipment has opened the possibility of measuring analytes previously unsuitable, offering a multitude of steroid hormones for diagnosis and monitoring of a range of endocrine disorders. Traditionally, samples are collected onto a Sarstedt Salivette device comprising of a synthetic swab enclosed within a polypropylene tube. For certain analytes, the Salivette device is known to impede analyte recovery, resulting in the requirement for a passive drool sample which can be difficult and unpleasant to collect for some patients. Methods Previous work has been undertaken showing the SalivaBio Oral Swab (SOS) to have less of an impact on analyte recovery. Here, through addition of low, medium and high spikes and subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis of 19 different steroid hormones (11-dehydrocorticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-hydroxytestosterone, 11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-ketotestosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 18-hydroxycortisol, 18-oxocortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, aldosterone, androstenedione, corticosterone, cortisol, cortisone, dexamethasone, testosterone and tetrahydro11-deoxycortisol) we aimed to assess a broader repertoire of analytes and whether saliva collection devices impact on analyte recovery. Results With an acceptability criterion of 10% difference from baseline passive drool samples, Salivette devices were acceptable for 12 out of 18 analytes, SOS were acceptable for 16 analytes. Both devices were unacceptable for measurement of androstenedione, testosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone. When 10% is deemed as an acceptable difference, the SOS performs better than the Salivette device for the steroid hormones investigated in this study. This may have implications for research studies, patient diagnosis and monitoring of endocrine disorders where saliva collection devices were previously deemed unacceptable due to issues with analyte recovery. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Intercalation Electrode and Grain Reconstruction Induce Significant Sensitivity Enhancement for Perovskite X-ray Detectors.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been recognized as potential candidates in direct X-ray detectors and have triggered tremendous interest in the past years. The blade coating method meets the requirements of large area and low cost for perovskite X-ray detectors, while the low compactness resulting from solvent evaporation limits the charge collection efficiency (CCE) and device sensitivity. Most of the reports are focused on the melioration of perovskite films to increase device sensitivity; there are still problems of low CCE. Herein, we introduce an intercalation-electrode device structure and achieve a ∼20-fold sensitivity enhancement. Carrier distribution throughout the thick films is simulated, and the electrode intercalating site can be optimized according to the mobility-lifetime factor to achieve the highest CCE. A methylamine thiocyanate (MASCN) additive-assisted coating strategy is developed, and pinhole free thick films with regrown particles are obtained without frequently used hot/soft pressing. A sensitivity level of ∼105 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 as well as a detection limit of 77 nGyair s-1 is achieved under low bias, which is among the best performance for polycrystalline perovskite direct X-ray detectors. This work provides a universal device structure design to overcome carrier loss through a long transport distance and enhances the CCE for ultrahigh sensitivity.

B-185 A Comparison Between Two Oral Sample Collection Devices on Preserving High-Quality Genomic DNA

Abstract Background High-quality genomic testing significantly enhances the knowledge on gene-disease association, and greatly benefits future biomedical research and precision medicine. However, widely used saliva sample collection presents challenges with high-quality and quantity of human DNA and high bacterial DNA ratio. In this study, we validated the performance of two commercially available oral collection devices for their ability to preserve high-quality genomic DNA long-term at room temperature. Methods Fifty-one buccal samples in total from twelve donors were collected using two kinds of commercially available oral sample collection devices (iSWAB®-DNA (Device 1) and OCD-100 (Device 2)). All of the collected samples were stored at ambient temperature for up to 1 year. Collected samples were extracted with QIAamp Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen) at baseline, 30 days, 60 days, and 1 year. All DNA yields were measured using a Nanodrop One Microvolume UV-Vis Spectrophotometer; TapeStation System was used for determining the integrity of DNA. The bacterial DNA ratio was estimated by quantitative PCR with primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene known to be present in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes. Results Device 1 had higher yield (Device 1: 18.59 ± 8.98; Device 2: 6.44 ± 4.62), lower bacterial DNA ratio (Device 1: 2.06 ± 1.93; Device 2: 3.79 ± 4.58), and higher overall DNA integrity (Device 1: 6.1 ± 0.31; Device 2: 5.42 ± 0.96) compared to Device 2. Device 1 demonstrated longer post-collection sample stability at ambient temperature compared with Device 2 regarding DNA yield, bacterial DNA ratio and DNA integrity. No significant changes in DNA yield, integrity, and bacterial DNA ratio were observed after one year of storage in Device 1. No significant changes in DNA yield, integrity, and bacterial DNA ratio were observed after 60 days of storage in Device 2. However, Device 2 showed a significant increase in DNA yield, bacterial DNA ratio, and DNA integrity comparing baseline to 1 year. Conclusions Device 1 preserves higher quantity and quality of DNA from oral samples at ambient temperature for up to 1 year. These advantages significantly enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness in downstream applications such as genotyping and sequencing, making it a valuable tool in genomics research with a commendable success rate.

A-145 Are EDTA and Citrate Collection Devices Interchangeable for Estimating Blood Platelets Values using Sysmex XN™Analyzers ?

Abstract Background In the Sentara Healthcare System patient blood platelets are estimated using Sysmex XN™ analyzers. The blood specimens are collected in devices with EDTA anticoagulant. In the Emergency Departments, upon the first assessment of a patient a number of collection devices, including one with Na citrate anticoagulant, are obtained in case repeated testing is required. To prevent the collection of an additional EDTA device we investigated whether devices with Na citrate anticoagulant could be used interchangeably with EDTA devices for platelets values estimation. Methods Instruments: Sixteen Sysmex XN analyzers (Siemens) located in several institutions. Specimens: Seven-hundred nighty-eight patient blood specimens were obtained with both EDTA and citrate BD™ collection devices. The specimens, platelets numbers between 5000 and 800,000 platelets/mcL, were assayed in parallel within two minutes, after receipt in the laboratory, and then at intervals to reach 20 hours. The data were transferred electronically to Minitab® (version 21, Minitab Inc) statistical software. The paired data were analyzed with orthogonal, ordinary least squares (OLS), weighted polynomial ordinary least squares (WPOLS) and locally weighted scatterplot smoother (lowess) regression models and their graphic representations. The CLIA’s total error criterion (target value ± 25%) was used for evaluating acceptable variability. Results The parallel box plot of the differences between specimens as obtained with EDTA and those as obtained with Na citrate, showed that the distribution of the differences was similar between instruments and within the allowable total error of ± 25%. The orthogonal and the OLS models showed similar regression lines (Orthogonal: Y=3.3+0.94X: OLS: Y=-1+0.93X) and increase in variance for increasing platelets values. Consequently, a WPOLS model was employed for additional analyses. The ANOVA table of the WPOLS showed that there were no probabilistically significant differences between regression lines for either platelet’s values (P = 0.5) or specimen age (P = 0.1). Tridimensional surface plots clearly illustrated that the differences were distributed within -12.5% and the zero lines. The aptness of the WPOLS model was demonstrated by the standardized residual (std. res.) analysis showing quasi-normal distribution, with a few outliers (std. res. &amp;gt; |3|) and two influential observations for (Hi &amp;gt; 0.5) which were for platelets values less than 10,000 platelets/mcL. Conclusions The differences between EDTA and citrated specimens were within zero and -12.5%, this represented half of the CLIA’s criterion. The weighted polynomial regression model was employed due to the heteroscedasticity of the variance, The simultaneous evaluation by platelets values and the age of the specimen did not detect probabilistically significant differences by either platelets values or age of the specimen. This limited study suggested that EDTA and citrate anticoagulated specimens may be used interchangeably for patient care for specimens with platelets values between 10,000 and 800,000/mcL and within twenty hours from collection. However, the limited number of patients precluded to evaluate whether the detected outliers represented group(s) of patients with a particular medical condition and or pharmacotherapeutic treatment. Finally, the electronic collection and transfer of specimens to statistical software, such as Minitab, was crucial for performing this study.

B-242 Improved Patient Satisfaction With Novel Capillary Blood Collection Devices as an Alternative to Venipuncture for Applications in Clinical Proteomic Assays

Abstract Background Two new clinical diagnostic tests are available that aid in the identification of lung nodules as likely malignant or likely benign. One test is an ELISA that measures the levels of seven autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens that aids in the identification of patients with likely malignant lung nodules who may benefit from timely intervention. The other is an LC-MS/MS-based (MRM) test that measures the ratio of two proteins (LG3BP and C163A) combined with several clinical and radiological factors to aid in the identification of patients with likely benign lung nodules who may benefit from additional CT surveillance. Since commercialization, we have found that test access may be improved by providing alternatives to traditional venipuncture. Therefore, we conducted evaluation studies with two novel non-fingerstick capillary blood collection devices. These devices puncture the skin by utilizing either microneedles (Device A) or a lancet (Device B) for capillary blood collection. Methods Blood specimens were collected from consented donors using one of the two capillary blood collection devices and by venipuncture into K2EDTA blood collection tubes. Feedback was also solicited from the healthcare professionals and donors via a standard questionnaire. The whole blood specimens were shipped to the testing laboratory where the samples were processed according to the respective clinical assay workflows. Feasibility testing for the ELISA-based assay was conducted with both devices using normal healthy donor specimens (105 donors for Device A and 43 for Device B). Clinical evaluation was executed utilizing only Device B (77 donors with lung cancer and 13 with an indeterminate lung nodule). Feasibility testing for the LC-MS/MS-based assay was conducted with both devices using healthy donor specimens (103 donors for Device A and 41 for Device B), while clinical evaluation utilized only Device B (80 donors with lung cancer and 30 with an indeterminate lung nodule). Results Both capillary blood collection devices revealed good correlations to venous blood draws for the ELISA-based test during feasibility. The two devices also showed good correlations for the LC-MS/MS-based test, with the results from Device A requiring a correction factor. Due to technical and operational challenges throughout feasibility, Device B became the preferred device to be evaluated for the clinical study. Good correlations for both diagnostic tests were observed from the clinical study. During clinical evaluation, healthcare professionals and donors were asked to rate the ease-of-use, pain, and speed of collection when using Device B. Most healthcare professionals (108/126) rated the device as easy to use. Ninety-five percent of the donors reported minimal pain while the remainder reported moderate pain. Ninety-one percent of the donors felt that the time required to collect blood using Device B was acceptable. Sixty percent of the donors preferred the capillary collection device (Device B), 17% preferred venipuncture, while 23% reported no preference for blood collection. Conclusions The novel capillary blood collection devices demonstrated high correlations for two clinical diagnostic tests. Feedback collected from healthcare professionals and donors revealed that the majority preferred the capillary blood collection device as compared to traditional venipuncture for blood collection.

Evaluation of salt particle collection devices for coastal metal storage facilities with natural ventilation

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a potential threat to metal containers stored in coastal facilities utilizing natural ventilation due to sea salt particles in the airflow. This study investigates the applicability of low-pressure salt particle collection devices developed by the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) in Japan (reports N08050 and N11044) to natural ventilation systems in Taiwanese coastal storage facilities. We evaluate the capture efficiency and pressure drop of these devices compared to conventional stainless steel filters. The pressure loss of the collection devices was assessed using the CRIEPI model and compared with a handbook model, demonstrating high agreement. Capture efficiency analysis revealed a reduction rate of approximately 78% for the salt particle collection device. However, peak analysis indicated this reduction was primarily effective for particles exceeding 10.2 μm in diameter. Compared to stainless steel filters, the collection devices offer lower reduction efficiency but with a stable pressure drop and potentially lower maintenance costs. This study also emphasizes the need for optimizing salt particle reduction methods by considering the trade-off between capture efficiency and pressure drop.

Concentrations of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid at different time points after use: An individual participant meta-analysis

BackgroundDelta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in oral fluid (OF) at different time points after cannabis administration and factors related to these concentrations have not been previously described in a meta-analysis. This information is critical for better understanding of these tests for detection of prior cannabis use and cannabis impairment. Objectives1: To describe the summary statistics of THC concentrations at different time points after cannabis administration. 2: To describe the relationship between the variables of dose of THC, frequency of using cannabis, route of administration (i.e., inhaled or ingested), OF collection device and sex, with THC concentrations in OF, based on bivariate analyses. 3: To describe the independent contribution of each of the variables in Objective 2, based on a multivariate analysis of THC concentrations. MethodsA meta-analysis of studies from two databases (PubMed and Scopus) was conducted. Our inclusion criteria included published empirical articles that administered natural cannabis to subjects in a controlled setting, with OF drug tests showing the exact THC concentrations in OF for each subject (i.e., raw data) for at least two time points after cannabis administration using confirmatory methods. Seven studies of tests with published raw data for OF THC after cannabis administration met these criteria (n observations=1157). ResultsSummary statistics showed OF THC concentrations by time after use were highly dispersed at every time point, positively skewed, and declined over time. Many positive OF THC concentrations were found after 24-hours in one study, but most studies did not conduct observations past 24 hours. In a multivariate analysis, we found that increased dose, increased frequency of cannabis use, and inhaled (versus ingested) cannabis were statistically related to higher OF THC concentrations. OF collection with the intercept DOA device was significantly higher than expectorant (i.e. saliva) and being male (versus female) were only significant in a bivariate analysis. Too little data existed to reliably analyze the possible influence of other variables of age, race and body mass index (BMI) on OF THC concentrations. DiscussionFalse negatives exist when the tests are used to detect prior use. OF test results are related to confounders of frequency of cannabis use and inhaled (versus ingested) cannabis. OF tests can produce positives at a cut-off 1.0 ng/mL well beyond 24 hours. The tests are not valid to detect cannabis impairment. More information is needed on the influence of potential confounders for OF concentrations. We do not have a good idea of the degree to which the subjects in these studies are representative of persons who use cannabis. Overall, more research is needed for these tests to be used in workplace settings.