Collateral Ligament Of Knee Joint Research Articles

Material Properties of Fiber Bundles of the Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee Joint.

The superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) of the human knee joint has functionally separate anterior and posterior fiber bundles. The two bundles are alternatively loaded as the knee flexion angle changes during walking. To date, the two bundles are usually not distinguished in knee ligament simulations because there has been little information about their material properties. In this study, we conducted quasi-static tensile tests on the sMCL of matured porcine stifle joints and obtained the material properties of the anterior bundle (AB), posterior bundle (PB), and whole ligament (WL). AB and PB have similar failure stress but different threshold strain, modulus, and failure strain. As a result, we recommend assigning different material properties (i.e., modulus and failure strain) to the two fiber bundles to realize biofidelic ligament responses in human body models. However, it is often inconvenient to perform tensile tests on AB and PB. Hence, we proposed a microstructural model-based approach to predict the material properties of AB and PB from the test results of WL. Such obtained modulus values of AB and PB had an error of 2% and 0.3%, respectively, compared with those measured from the tests. This approach can reduce the experimental cost for acquiring the needed mechanical property data for simulations.

Application Value of High-Frequency Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis with Different TCM Syndromes

Objective: To explore the application value of high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in different syndrome types of knee osteoarthritis, and to provide more imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Method: Sixty patients with KOA were selected according to TCM classification, which were mainly divided into Qi stagnation and blood stasis type and cold-dampness blockage type. All knee joints were routinely examined by high frequency ultrasound, and those with synovial hyperplasia were examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. High frequency ultrasound is the examination of synovium, cartilage and collateral ligament of knee joint based on two-dimensional ultrasound. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) refers to the contrast examination of synovium in knee joint patients with synovial hyperplasia. Result: Among them, the suprapatellar sac effusion and synovial thickening of Qi stagnation and blood stasis type were more obvious than those of cold-dampness arthralgia type (P 0.05). Conclusion: To a certain extent, the high-frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound performance of knee osteoarthritis can be used as a dialectical reference for different TCM syndrome types.

[Treatment of degenerative medial meniscus injury of knee joint by arthroscopy combined with small needle knife to release superficial medial collateral ligament of knee joint].

To explore the clinical effect of arthroscopic combined with small needle knife in the treatment of degenerative medial meniscus (MM) injury of knee joint by releasing the superficial layer of medial collateral ligament (SMCL). From February 2016 to November 2018, 56 patients (56 knees) with limited pain, strangulation and flexion in medial knee joint space were selected. X-ray Kellgren-Lawrence grading was I-II. MRI showed medial meniscus injury(III degree) of knee joint. There were 30 males(30 knees) and 26 females(26 knees). Arthroscopic MM plasty and small needle knife were used to release SMCL. The Lysholm knee score was used to evaluate the effect of operation. All 56 patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 24 months, with an average of 10 months. According to the Lysholm knee score standard, the final follow-up was compared with that of before operation. The results showed that the preoperative knee score was 37.24±1.32, the latest follow-up knee score was 85.72±5.28, the knee score was higher than that before the operation(P<0.05). Arthroscopy combined with small needle knife release of superficial medial collateral ligament in the treatment of degenerative medial knee meniscus injury can effectively improve the mechanical balance of the knee joint, improve Lysholm knee score in patients with knee meniscus injury, and promote the recovery of knee joint function, which has clinical value.

Differences in MR signal intensity of lateral collateral ligament of knee joint on fat-suppressed proton density-weighted imaging

To investigate the relationship between the increased signal intensity (SI) of proximal lateral collateral ligament (LCL) at femoral attachment site on fat-suppressed (FS) proton density-weighted (PDW) MR imaging and the corresponding histological features on cadaveric knees. MRI was obtained from 11 cadaveric knees. Two musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated SI of LCL at femoral attachment site and the remaining caudal portion on FS PDW imaging. The SI was classified into three types; I = low, II = intermediate to slightly high, III = high SI or intraligamentous discontinuity of fibre. In addition, 100 control subjects were reviewed for normal LCL SI. All proximal LCLs at femoral attachment site showed increased SI (nine cases of Type II and two cases of Type III). The remaining caudal portion presented Type I in all cases. Histological examination of proximal LCL at femoral attachment site revealed loose distribution of fine collagen fibres, intervened with fat and vessels, whereas the remaining caudal portion was composed of parallel distribution of compact collagen bundles. There were no signs of degeneration or tear of the LCL in all our cadaveric knee samples, even for the two cases that presented as Type III. Clinical study identified increased SI of proximal LCL at femoral attachment site in 94% (94/100) of control subjects. Increased SI of proximal LCL at femoral attachment site on FS PDW imaging is due to histological characteristics, not degeneration or tear. Increased SI of proximal LCL at femoral attachment site on FS PDW MR imaging is a common, normal finding that its clinical significance can be neglected.

Post traumatic osteoma of tibial insertion of medial collateral ligament of knee joint.

Two cases are presented of post traumatic para-articular osteoma developing at the site of tibial attachment of the medial collateral ligament of knee joint. These occurred after injuries sustained while...